Baabuurta Soviet: model sifooyinka. Colchis, Ural, ZIL

In Midowga Soofiyeeti abuuray tiro badan oo ah labada baabuur xamuulka iyo rakaabka. Maqaalkani waxa uu ka hadli doonaan baabuurta ugu caansan USSR.

Truck KAZ-606 "Colchis"

Waagii hore, dalkeena waa u baahan gaari oo awood u waday xamuulka waaweyn. Si fudud u gelin, in baabuurta ay. daydo gaari Soviet leeyihiin taariikh xiiso leh. Taasi waa sababta warshad Kutaisi bilowday wax soo saarka ee gaariga, taasi oo markii dambe noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "Colchis". History of the baabuur USSR bilaabmaa noocooda soo bandhigay in ay Wasaaradda gaadiidka, taas oo lagu soosaaray 1958. Oo durba 1959 baabuurta Kutaisi Automobile Plant tusay ee Exhibition ee Guulaha dhaqaalaha.

Total warshad soo bandhigay laba nooc baabuur, mid ka mid ah taas oo ahayd kuusha iyo jiray gaabiyay KAZ-605, iyo kuwa kale waxaa laga sameeyey sida uu sheegay mabda'a of unit cagaf iyo KAZ loo yaqaan 606. Ka dib markii ahi ogyahay wax soo saarka ee warshadaha ee baabuurka Wasaaradda Joorijiyaan of gaari ansixiyey wax soo saarka serial waa mid ka mid model kaliya. Mudnaanta waxaa la siiyey mashruuca KAZ-606. baabuur Soviet, cagaf gaari xamuul ah, aamusa.

sharafta baabuur

Car KAZ "Colchis" lahaa meel fiican oo ah darawalka ee glazing cab dhigaya maamul iyo farsamooyinkooda fulinta gaadiidka haboon. Si ka duwan gawaarida hore soo saaray, qol ka mid ah taas oo ahayd qayb ahaan alwaax, CAP "Kolkhida" waxaa laga dhigay la qol biraha. In qol ah, marka laga reebo darawalka, waxaa jiray mid keliya kursiga rakaabka, laakiin mowjadda by joogitaanka sariirta awoodda yar. go'aan noocan oo kale ah mar ahaa kacaan in industry ee gudaha baabuurta.

baabuur ma aysan surta caadiga ah, kaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa cibaaro ah. unit Awoodda qubeyska hoos u ahaa, oo waxaa aad u qurxiyay xanaaqsan xagaaga iyo jiilaalka. muuqaalka kore ee xamuul ahaa oo casri ah iyo iminka, sababtoo ah samaynta guuray meesha uu laydhkaaga si hoose ee cab ah.

Qasaaraha gaari KAZ-606

The khasaare ugu muhiimsan ee gaari ee "Colchis" ahaayeen burburka joogtada ah iyo isticmaalka shidaalka sare. A boqol oo kilomitir gaadhiga ku jiray oo faqri 50 litir oo shidaal. Sababo ku yaal hoos cab cutubkan xoogga xagaaga muddo dheer waxa ay ahayd adag tahay in la xakameeyo gaariga. Ma aha oo kaliya ay sabab u tahay heerkulka gudaha sare, laakiin sidoo kale sabab u raasamaal ee gaasaska dhammayn.

gunaanad

In kasta oo dhammaan faa'idoyinka gaari xamuul ah "Colchis" ma noqon caan ah oo leh wadayaasha. Oo intay jeesteen ayay in lagu daydo kale ay fiiro.

Gaari xamuul ah "Ural"

kibirka warshadaha ee guryaha baabuurta abuuray tan iyo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Hawsha gaariga - saarista alwaax ka aagga of-soo-saarka. Marka la eego fog ee goobaha baabuurta "Ural" (timber) loo magacaabay shuruudaha adag, waayo, dhul iyo hawlgalka xaaladaha adag ee. Waxaa mahad leh shaqada adag ee injineerada Soviet iyo samaynta ayaa gaari oo dhan ka samatabbixiyey muhiim u ah hawlaha gaari-isjiidka.

Faa'iidooyinka alwaax "Ural"

Alwaax leeyihiin phenomenal dhex-soo-saarka gudaha iyo soo saaridda tayo sare leh.

In mishiinada sida dal ayaa mar walba loo baahan yahay, gaar ahaan ba'an, la siiyo kheyraadka kaynta hodan. Baabuurta Soviet ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa ee baahida weyn labadaba gudaha iyo dibadda.

feature Dhismayaasha alwaaxda "Ural" waa formula wheel a kala duwan - ka 4x4 si 8x8. Sababo la xiriira caanaha iyo patency halyeeyga gaaray. Kaxaynta kala duwan heerkulka waa -40 ... + 40 ° ^C. kala duwanaansho Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa for mashiinada noocan ah ee cimilada kala duwan.

ugu dherer badan oo xamuul waa ku dhawaad 25 mitir. attachable A trailer inay alwaax uu leeyahay farsamo pivoting ah, taas oo kordhinaysa dhaqaajinta inta lagu guda jiro gaadiidka. "Ural" - alwaax, kaas oo ku qalabeysan yahay powertrains awood ka badan 200 hooras.

baabuur alwaax Modern "Ural" waxay leeyihiin Haydarooliga preload-manipulator gaar ah, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in aad markab alwaax oo aan ku hawlanaa saratoosiyuhuba. Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah nidaamka wiishka iyo gacanta - fudud oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Habka Tani waxay suurtogal ah in la yareeyo kharashka iyo waqtiga kaymaha-soo-saarka.

matoorada The raacaan heerarka Yurub, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in baabuurka la ficil inaydaan nijaasayn deegaanka.

Qasaaraha alwaax "Ural"

Waxaa laga yaabaa in ka biyodiiday kaliya ee alwaaxdiisa "Ural" waxaa ka mid ah isticmaalka shidaalka sare. Inkastoo, siiyey xaaladda hawlgal ee mashiinada kuwaas, waxaan dhihi karaa in this ifafaale waa arrin cudur daar.

gunaanad

Developed fikirka ah gaari xamuul ah oo gaadiidka khayraadka kaynta, taas oo loo baahan yahay sano oo shaqo ah u cabbudhinayo, weli u taagan in hawshii nin. Alwaax sii si ay u qabtaan howlgalka soohdinta reer Russia iyo dibadda oo dhan. Faaidaysta in xaaladaha cimilada adag, oo ay ku hadhaan dadka caawiyeyaasha lagu kalsoonaan karo.

baabuur qashin qubka adag

baabuurta Abuuritaanka BelAZ, Autoworks Belarus loogu talagalay si loo hubiyo in saarista ku ool ah oo macdan ka site wax soo saarka. In horumarinta fikradda ah sida baabuur weyn, injineero iyo samaynta helay waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan in industry this. Our dalka ayaa lagu yaqaanaa in xaddi badan oo khayraadka dabiiciga ah ka fiirsato. Si loo siiyo tayada iyo alaabtii hufan alaabta mashiinka waayeen kaliya ballaaran oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. The Ministry of suuqa baabuurta ee USSR ay go'aansatay in ay qotomiyey goobaha wax soo saarka ah ee horumarinta iyo abuurista baabuur culus shaqo ku qorqornaa ee dalka. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku a Belarus Automobile Plant, oo waxay bilaabeen inay abuuraan baabuurta BelAZ.

Bilaabay in 1948, wax soo saarka ee baabuur qashin qubka helay mahadnaq dunida oo dhan. Si joogto ah horumarinta iyo soo bandhigid teknoolajiyada cusub suuqa baabuurta, warshada waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah madaxda gawaarida culus.

Marka ugu horeeyso Automobile Belarus Plant noqday degay ka conveyor ee 1961 BelAZ-540. Tani bahal 27-ton uu ahaa kibirka dadka Soviet. Tan iyo been la ilmaha ugu horreeya ee autoconcern BelAZ sameeyay tiro badan oo ah imtixaanada loo baahdo.

Uu si rasmi ah shaqada "mustaqbalkiisa" hadda BelAZ-540A bilaabay 1965. Dabcan, tani baabuur Soviet jir ah, oo iyana way ka fog yihiin, baabuurta macdanta casriga ah, newest of taas oo ka-BelAZ 75710. In dabagalka hufnaanta Concern Belarus ayaa laga yaabaa abuuray gaari ugu load-qaadista macdanta ee dunida. Culayska xamuulka qaado ee 450 metrik!

Samaynta of BelAZ-75710 ayaa hore u diyaariyey codsi taxay mucjiso this of technology ee Guinness Book of Records. Dhab ahaantii, guusha model this ahaa wadarta dhammaan guulaha ay suuqa baabuurta ee ku yaala goobahan. shaqaalaha Factory habaaray 65 sano horumarinta iyo hagaajinta badeecada.

model cusub ka duwan isticmaalka hore oo ka mid ah sideed giraangiraha halkii lix. xal Tani waxay ogol yahay in ay qaataan on board payload weyn. gacan jeestay Rafaa tani waa 20 mitir, taas oo, ka fiirsaneysa inay dhinacyo, aad u yar. Waxaan la soo shaqeeyay injineerada iyo dhaqaajinta baabuurka. Dalbashada mabda 'oo ka mid ah laba faasas Rotary, awood si loo horumariyo dhaqaaqa guud ee gaariga.

shaqo weyn ayaa laga sameeyey mishiino warshad koronto ka. Nooca unit xoog loo adeegsaday gaari xamuul qashin qubka - naaftada aadeen. Power bixisey by warshad waa 4600 l / s. All hababka BelAZ-75710 waxaa la soo dersay casriyeynta dhamaystiran, kaas oo ugu dambeyntii soo hagaagtay manageability iyo baabuur qaban. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee loading iyo dejinta xamuulka, sidoo kale, waxay noqdeen sahlan oo fudud, hagaagtay kortaan iyo gaari cross-dalka. Pride of injineernimada Belarus, BelAZ-75710, ayaa soo baxday in baabuur aad u fiican-dheeli tiran oo lagu kalsoonaan karo.

oo kooban

In kasta oo baaxadda cajiib ah iyo miisaan weyn, element kasta oo xamuul ah ina hor la kulmay ammaanka ugu sareeya iyo isku halaynta. Indeed, liiska "Baabuurta USSR" ma noqon doonto dhamaystiran oo aan baabuur qashin qubka BelAZ. Laakiinse dib u eegid kuma dhammaanayo on mishiinka. Kaalay on.

Truck ZIL-131

In 1966, Likhachev warshad gaari ah (ZIL) bilaabay-soo-saarka oo ka mid ah model ZIL-130 updated. Gaariga wuxuu ahaa dhul gaari la hagaajiyay la barametereka dabeecadihiisa marka la barbar dhigo a. samaynta Plant go'aansaday inuu ka tago nidaamka goofo ah, bedelayaan oo keliya qaybo ka mid ah qol ay.

Doodista gaari Zil-131

Thanks to marinka u fiican oo ku dhow kasta oo dhul ZIL-131 uu ahaa kaaliyaha wanaagsan in meelo kala duwan oo u dhexgalaan dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha.

Units iyo model farsamo muujiyay in lagu kalsoonaan karo ee shaybaarka ee la soo dhaafay, casriyeeyey oo weli kalsoonaan karo u adeega oo dheeraad ah.

Gaariga soo baxday in la yaab adkeysi iyo baxday. kala duwan heerkulka Operating waa ka badan oo cajiib ah. Zil-131 shaqeyn karaan marka heerkulku ka -40 in +50 degrees Celsius.

Mashiinka waxaa aad loogu isticmaalaa in Kooxaha militeriga iyo qabtaan hawlaha kala duwan. At salkeeda la abuuray badalitaan baabuurta gaadiidka ee shaqaalaha ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida, jikooyinka beerta iyo isbitaalada mobile.

On ku salaysan ZIL-131 la dhigay noocyada kala duwan ee hubka iyo qalabka raadiyaha. gaariga ayaa waxaa aad loogu isticmaalaa in industry duulista sida gaari for buuxinta diyaaradaha, diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca iyo habab kale si loo hubiyo duulimaad duulista.

Mashiinka waxaa lagu isticmaalay uga qodaan dhulka, dhismaha iyo xataa hawlaha barafka.

Qasaaraha ZIL-131

Siidi oo ay dib u eegista, wax badan oo ka mid ah mashiinka wax cunaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka shidaalka ee 40 litir oo 100 kiiloomitir khasaaraha ay yihiin halkii caadiga ah.

gunaanad

Sida dhammaan baabuurta Soviet ZIL-131 dhaxlay ay "qof" u gaar ah. Isku hallaynta ah baabuurta aan la idinku kadisay yididiilo karo. Xataa maanta, ka dib markii labaatan sano badan, ZIL-131 sii wadeysaa ma howlgalka fudud.