Battle of Kulikovo: sheeko gaaban. 1380, Dmitry Donskoy, Zolotaya Orda Mamaia

In qarnigii XIV ah kibir Ruush sii waday in ay ku nool yihiin ka hoos mariya harqoodka of Horde Golden ah. Oo ma jirin xarun hal siyaasadeed, taas oo keeni karta halganka ka dhanka Mongols ah. doorka in dhaceen si kibir Moscow ee. taliyayaashii ay u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato tartanka Tver.

Xoojinta agagaarka Moscow

Taas oo horseeday Moscow ururinta ka go'dayna waxay for Horde Golden ah. In 1374, ka dib markii Mamai taageeray Prince of Tver halganka carshiga Vladimir iyo Dmitry Donskoy diiday inuu bixiyo dahab laga soo ururiyay dadka. In mustaqbalka, khilaafka dagaal furan oo u soo jeestay.

ciidanka Ruush dhaceen Volga Dhexe tataarka. In 1377 iyaga looga adkaaday on cabbay webiga. Ciidamada Moscow ayaa ku jawaabay dhawr bilood ka dib. On webiga Vozha ay u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato Murza Begich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaallada ka mid ah ayaa ku Akhriya kaliya dagaalka ku soo socda.

Ururi ciidanka iyo dhismaha

Bishii Agoosto 1380, Dmitry Donskoy abaabulay ururinta dhammaan ciidamada Ruush. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay ahaayeen ciidamada iyo madaxda kale. Waxay inta badan ahaayeen Suzdal iyo SMOLENTSEV. Sidoo kale yimid guutada yar oo Tver, kuwaas oo uu hoggaaminayay adeer ee Prince of Gdansk. Ilaa hadda, waxaa jira doodo, waxaa lahaa in uu ku biiro Novgorod.

Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin Don u suurtagashay in ay soo ururin ay banner in 70 kun oo dagaalyahan. ayaa ciidanka waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood. guutada ugu weyn ee xarunta hogaaminayo Dmitry. On xaq u istaagay Yaroslavl madax Vladimir Andreyevich - amiir Serpukhov iyo ina adeerkiis ah ee Don. Left hogaaminayo taliyaha Bryansk Gleb. Halkan yimid dharbaaxo xoog badan, marka Battle of Kulikovo Field ee 1380.

On jidka dalka reer ciidanka Mongols Muscovite booqday Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Aasaasihii of Trinity Lavra ee St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos waxaa loo yaqaan dalka oo dhan. Ayuu u duceeyey ciidamada iyo Dmitri siiyey laba geesiyaal, kuwaas oo lahaa suufiyadoodii hore - Peresvet iyo Oslyablyu.

Hooyada ayaa qaba in ciidamada dalka Ruushka kuma uu dhicin tago Oka iyo qaado booska daafaca, sidii lagu sameeyay dagaalka hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dmitry doonayay ugu horeeyay ee ku dhuftay, si aanay u ogolaan tataarka in ay xirmaan sokeeye. Talaabadani waxay ahayd mid aad u khatar ah - ku hadhay oo dhan kaydka iyo khayraadka. In case of guul darro, ciidanka si buuxda u dhiman doono oo aan guriga.

Iyadoo ciidamada Ruush u tageen inay Don ah, ku soo biiray Ciidamada Lithuanian. Waxay ahaayeen hogaaminayo wiilashii Algirdas - Dmitry iyo Andrey. Under boorar ay ahaayeen dadka degan Pskov, Polotsk, iyo D. sidaas on. Ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan xoojiyo, waxaa la go'aamiyay in Vladimir Andreyevich la madax doona ciidankii weerar gaadmo ah, Andrey Olgerdovich keeni doonaa askartii midigta ee Don ah.

Mamai waxaa isku diyaarineysa inay la dagaalamaan in xaaladaha adag. Horde Golden The sii dagaalka sokeeye. Mamai hanjabay Tokhtamysh in ay weeraraan laga yaabaa cadowga si toos ah sababtoo ah Volga ah.

Koorsada dagaalka

Marka ciidamada Ruush gudbay Don ah, waxay si gaar ah yihiin oo dhan buundooyinka gubay. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u si Mamaia ma sokeeye uu ka dhex amiirradii kale Lithuanian ka heli karto, iyo Ryazan. On September 7, ciidanka dambeyntii qaaday booskiisa, sugaya cadowga. Vladimir wada A. la Dmitriem Bobrokom-Volyn oo waxaa loo diray in ay geedihii Asheeraah, halkaas oo uu ku dhacay ciidamada cusub xilli muhiim ah. fiidkii oo dhan iyo habeenkii oo ka mid ah ciidamada Don kormeeray iyo hubiyaa xaaladooda. Markaas Tartars ku yimid guud ahaan basaasyo horeysay Ruush.

Dmitry doonayay in ay si toos ah ugu lug leh oo dagaalka ku askari caadiga ah ka mid ah. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu beddelay oo hubkiisa u leh mid ka mid ah kalsoon tahay inuu. Tataarka, iyagoo aan ogayn khiyaano ah, ku dilay nin kuwaas oo ay qaaday amiirka.

Battle of Kulikovo, account kooban oo ku saabsan taas oo la joogo in ilo kala duwan suugaanta, wuxuu bilaabay on 8 September. Ciidamada ayaa lagu soo ururay ka hor duhurkii, sugaya amarka amiirka.

Waxaa la og yahay in la dagaalanka iyo Peresvet Chelubey dagaalka Kulikovo bilaabay. sheeko gaaban, ama halkii Qoraalo ka mid ah dhacdo this - iyo in ka dhigaysa aragti ah, waxba qoraalka buuxa ee taariikhda ku odhan! Waxay ahayd caadadii hore, markii labo ka mid ah hubka ugu awoodda badan - mid ka kasta oo ka mid ah dhinacyada dagaalamaya - diriray si fool-ka-fool. Labada rag fuula u dhinteen ka foori koobi.

Markaas labada ciidammadii loola cararay dhinaca kasta oo kale. dhabarjab ugu weyn ee dawladda dhexe iyo garabka bidix ee xulka Ruush dhacay. Qaar ka mid ah halkan ciidamada ka go'ay mass ugu weyn. Dagaal bilaabay inuu u qaxaya Nepryadva ah, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo waxaa jiray khatar ah oo fasax danbe. Hot ahaa ee Battle of Kulikovo. Ciidamada Ruush khasaare halis ah, waxaa u muuqday, waxay ahayd abbaaraha in ay ka adkaan cadowga ...

Weerar gaadmo guutada

Wakhtigan in geedkii ku dhow waxaa jiray muran u dhexeeya Vladimir Serpukhov qablayaal Bobrok. oo amiir u doonayay in ay weeraraan ee tataarka ku dhow isla markiiba ka dib bilowgii dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guddoomiyaha ayaa hadlay, iyo xulka sugayay joogo waqtiga saxda ah, iyadoo dagaalka ku sii on duurka Kulikovo ah. sheeko gaaban oo ku saabsan waxa ay, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxa ku jira shaqo ah suugaanta "Zadonshchina" qoray dhammaadkii qarnigii XV ah.

Ugu dambeyntii Tatar awr soo dhawaaday Nepryadva ah, ceyrsaneysa guutada tihidin kuwa bidixda. Waxay ahayd waqti xaadirkaan la joogo ciidamada, kuwaas oo gaadmadoodii, dhuftay cadowga. iyo awr ma uusan haysan waqti u Dumayn wakhtiga oo waxaa lagu macno ahaan iska by webiga xaaqan. Isla mar ahaantaana bilaabay cutub ah weerar hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Don.

waagaas oo dhan Mamai raacay meel fog ayuu dagaalka ka, ku hareereysan wefdigiisa. Ka dib markii la sii daayo xulka gaadmo, waxa uu ogaaday in ay badiyay dagaalka Kulikovo. Sheekada A gaaban dhacdo taasi ma gaadhsiin kartaa xaaladda in adkaaday dagaalka. Dhawaaqaya, qaylo, dib u gurasho aan hagaagsanayn u cararay ee tataarka argagax ...

dagaal darafyadiisa

Qaxay kor loogu qaaday oo ku saabsan 50 miles. Badbaadiyey oo kaliya toban meelood oo meel ciidamada cadowga. Chase keentay Vladimir Serpukhov. Dmitry Donskoy la dhaawacay, iyo asxaabta oo aan u heli karo ka mid ah meydad badan. Ugu dambeyntii wuxuu helay bjørk a jirid. Waxaa reebtay ee koore, oo amiir u ahaa awoodaan in ay gurguurto kaynta. Markii uu u yimid, tearfully wuxuu bilaabay inuu hambalyeeyo Liibaanay.

Battle of Kulikovo ee 1380 bilaabeen in isla sanadkaas oo ku dhamaaday. Survivors waxay bilaabeen inay ururiyaan ay ku dhaawacmeen. Gaariyo taagay dhawr kilomitir. Lithuanian Prince Jagiello, oo aan soo kordha hooyaday, barashada ku saabsan guusha Ruush, casilay dib. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybo ka mid ah waxa ay u tageen inay dhacaan iyo dilo stragglers ah. amiirka Ryazan sidoo kale diiday isbahaysi la hooyaday iyo qirtay "yar" ee la xiriirta taliyihii Moscow.

qiimaha

Battle of Kulikovo, taas oo bilaabay fasaxa sannadka ee Russia, keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Moscow ayaa ugu dambeyn degtay hogaamiye siyaasadeed. Zolotaya Orda galay taxane ah oo dhibaatooyin iyo dagaalo sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa boqol sano Khan ay iska dhigaya inay dalbadaan canshuurtii laga Russia. Ugu dambeyntii harqood tuuray hoos Ivan III, in 1480, ka dib markii on Ugra taagan.

xaaladda Arrintan waxa xaqiijiyay dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah oo dheeraad ah. About Battle of songs Kulikovo iyo halyeeyadoodii hore ayaa ka kooban by dadka. Waxa uu noqday calaamad u ah weynaanta dalka. In Russia oo casri ah, September 21 (September 8, Old Style) ayaa loo aqoonsaday Maalinta Military ku ammaanmo.