Been abuurtay Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Dad badan ayaa la ogaado oo ku saabsan injineerka fiican Ruush Ivan Kulibin. A alifay gaar ahaan ganacsiga waxaa inta badan aan maqlay in cinwaanka magiciisa: "Waxaad tahay sida Kulibin" Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad yar ay ogaadaan in a darsin horumarinta IP Kulibin xiranayo mid ka mid ah oo kaliya. hadda dunida oo og in Town naqshadeeyaha ugu dhisay dhismaha culus-waajib ah buundada, iyo in waxa Kulibin abuurtay - ma oga.

aqoonsiga hindisa ah

Ivan Petrovich dhashay Nizhny Novgorod ee 1735. Waxa la yaab leh, qoyskiisa weli ma ay barteen dadka, oo sidaas daraaddeed awoodda makaanik is-baray wuxuu ahaa talanti run ahaantii aad u fiican!

Qoyska Ivan jiray kharash ku ganacsiga yar-yar, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa ganacsade iyo Old Mu'miniinta, oo hooyadiis ayaa waxaa ku hawlan beeraha iyo ka caawiyay in ay sii xisaabaadka.

Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore wiilka dareemay naxariis weyn ee dalabyo design injineernimada iyo cayn kasta oo Been, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas tuulooyinka ay yihiin kuwo aan wax badan. Laakiinse wiil sayniska sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda ma doonayaan in ay sii buugaagta oo u tegey arday si tuuladiisa muftaaxlaha tababaran, soo jeestay oo horology.

waayo-aragnimo Gain, Kulibin ka dhigaysa ay watch ugu horeysay, gaarka ah ilaa maantadan la joogo dunida oo dhan si aad u ogaato. war abuurashadoodii yaryar oo qabata hawlaha saacadood dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale sanduuqa music ah iyo masrax Ghadafi. Ka hor shaqo ka mid ah tahay sayid Nizhny Novgorod nafteeda ha hor istaagina yaabaa Catherine II - siiyey iyada watch, oo iyana waxay casuumay Kulibina in ay ka shaqeeyaan.

In 1769, Ivan helo meel ee Academy of Sciences, oo maanta ka si daacad ah u adeegta waayo, waxyaalaha wanwanaagsan ee sayniska Ruush.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya dhowr ka mid ah been abuurtay helay patent oo uu leeyahay nin odaygii iyo xaq. Inta badan oo ka mid ah sawiro iyo Layouts sii injineer doonayay fulin waayay.

Ha ka fikiro si aynu dhawr waxyaalood in la Abuurtay Kulibin, laakiin marnaba xiranayo.

engine biyo taki

In mushaar Burlatskii qarnigii shaqada 18-kii ahaa mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ugu badan in ay u guuraan maxkamadaha ka soo horjeeda socodka webiyaasha, iyo sidoo kale biyo-gacmeed.

Ivan go'aansadeen in ay u gargaarto dadka ka silica iyo inay soo bandhigto in steamship abuurnimo injineernimada ganacsiga - Vane motor. Its mabda'a shaqada ku salaysan yahay farsamo ee dhaqdhaqaaqa maraakiibta isticmaalaya barroosinnadii badda iyo xadhko - hoos u fog ka hor barroosinka la Xadhig seefqaad ah markabka. Oo intii ka mid ah markab xamuul "waxaa" tuuraya kale oo ku saabsan - iyo sidaas on-line.

Kulibin kaamileen nidaamka. Haddaba, halkii shaqaale si Xadhig aadka weel lahaa engine (waxay ahayd wheel la garbaha 2) iyadoo la isticmaalayo awood biyaha. design muuqda oo fudud oo xooggan, taas oo badbaadin doonaa xoog ay boqolaal seebab, iyo ganacsatada - boqolaal lacag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa ka dib markii baaritaano lagu guuleystay on dhaqdhaqaaqa markabka leh tons 65-Tew maalgelinta wax soo saarka ciid aan la sameeyey.

Nasiib darro, tani ma aha wax kaliya ee abuurtay Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, laakiin ma uu karin inuu qotomiyey-soo-saarka.

Wiishka for Empress ah

Gabowga Catherine II oo kali ah la gariiray aqalka Madaxtooyadda Winter ah. Sidaa darteed Kulibin la siiyey howlgalka muhiim ah - in ay la yimaadaan wiishka ah Empress ah nafteeda.

Xarig culeys lugu koriyo wiishka iima aydaan jawaabin xaalad weyn si uu u xaliyo xadhko saqafka ee Palace waxaa ka mamnuuc. saynisyahan soo jeedin la iman hab la mid ah shaqo ee guddoomiyaha xafiiska ama adkaynaya lowska: addoonkii soo jeestay xamili, iyo fur waa wareegto ee darafta, kiciyey oo hoos kursiga. Nasiib darro, wiish farsamo ilaa maantadan la joogo ma ku noolaa. dhimashada Catherine II sida aan waxtar lahayn ayuu leben la dhigay, oo xaq u of qoray ay horumarinta Kulibin dib markii marnaba. Wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kale abuurtay Kulibin, laakiin waxaan qabaa in ilmahoodu kari waayeen.

buundada

Haddii aragtida Catherine II ma wuu gabi wakhtigaas, waxa la arkaa in ay dhinaca midig sidoo kale waa aasaasihii ganacsiga buundada ee St. Petersburg.

In bilawgii qarnigii 19aad, Ivan horumariyo buundada ah design hal-taako aad u adag. On uu been abuurtay, oo uu ka shaqeeyay sida ugu badan ee 30 sano! Inkasta oo aqoon la'aanta lagama maarmaanka ah ee xisaabta iyo physics, uu, kama ', hab wax ku ool ah ayaa sharciyo cusub furay. Faa'iidada weyn ee buundada ahaa xaqiiqada ah in hoos u gudbi karin Markabka spilivaya kulanka.

Great Euler, hubinta sayidkiisa sawiro la yaabay la'aanta ah ee qaladaad iyo khaladaadka aan iyaga ku jiro. Potemkin qudhiisu gaar ah lacag ay u dhisaan model ah buundada, laakiin xayaysiinta this dhamaaday.

Iyo 30 sano ka dib, naqshadeeyaha ugu caan ahaa Bridge Town, ma I. Kulibin in abuurtay buundada this.

"Awoowe" gaariga

Waxyaabaha kale, Ivan Petrovich abuurtay wheelchair is-gano. In muuqaalka waxaa aad sida baabuur, laakiin mabda'a hawlgalka ahaa kala duwan. Curyaanka la tixgelin karo baaskiil hybrid iyo baabuur, sida dhaqan waxay u horseeddaa qofka adigoo riixaya baydalka ah. been abuurtay markii qaar ka mid noqday toy ah hormoodka, laakiin kafaala ay wax soo saarka ayay dooni iyo hadda aan u safan. Sawiro "awoowe gaariga" tiimbadeen horaba lagay, ayuu kor u gaadhay hadda.

Ha isku qaldin riixo in abuurtay Kulibin iyo veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. Isaga oo la alifay waxay ahayd aad u weyn oo aad u xiiso badan, meel ku filan muddo laba, iyo in veloekipazh qaboobaha galay gaari baraf ah u soo jeestay. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in la ogaado mid ah xiiso leh: wax soo saarka horumarinta Leonty Shamshurenkova oo ninna ma ahayd tii u doonanayd, iyo sawiro of Been uu ka lumeen.

sanaaci ugu horeysay ee

In bilawgii qarnigii 19aad Kulibin soo bandhigay in ay ka Academy of Sciences shaqaalaha "cilmi"! Sanaaci simulates addinka hoose. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u dhismaha Nepeytsyn tijaabo - uu lugta ka lumay ee weerarka Ochakov, oo haatan mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed military waxaa la majara habaabiyey! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ivan in Kulibin lugta cusub abuurtay, iyo siiyey ku bilaabatay si uu guulo cusub! Sidaas darteed, Nepeytsyn loo dalacsiiyay guud waaweyn oo helay naaneesta ah funny Iron lugta.

nidaamka Barta bartamaha bilaabay maraakiibta, telegaraafka indhaha, mashruuca ee buundada birta ka badan Volga ah - Liiska yar ee wax in la Abuurtay Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Photos iyo sawiro badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, nasiib daro, ma ka badbaaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ammaanta iyo xusuusta ninkan aan caadi ahayn waa in mar walba sii qalbiyadeenna!