Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin: shaqada, ra'yiga siyaasaddeed, sawir, Biography

Boris Chicherin ahaa mid ka mid ah reer galbeedka ugu weyn ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX. Waxa uu wakiil garabka qunyar-deeqsi ah, isagoo u Kaalmeeya tanaasul ah maamulka. Taas darteed, waxa badanaa ku dhaleeceeyay by saffarro. Xukuumadda Soviet ma jeclaan Chicherina eedayn hantiwadaagga. Sidaa darteed, maanta kaliya ee aan si dhexdhexaadnimo ah oo qiimeyn kara qiimaha hawlihiisa.

sanadaha hore

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin ku dhashay June 7, 1828. Wuxuu ahaa hooyo a of Tambov sharaf qoyska. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa nin ganacsade ah guul, iibiyo khamriga. Boris jeestay waalidka curadkii (isagu wuxuu lahaa lix walaalo ah iyo walaashay a). dhammaan carruurtu ay helaan waxbarasho tayo leh. In 1844, Boris iyo Walaalkiis Basil (mustaqbalka Dadka commissar ee Arrimaha Dibedda ee USSR aabbe), wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Moscow in ay galaan jaamacadda. Macallimow dhallinyaro noqday Galbeed deeqsi caan Timofey Granovsky. Wuxuu kula taliyay in uu hakadgeliyay dugsiga sharciga, oo uu ku sameeyey tagaan.

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda ee 1849. Muddada waxbarashada uu talinaysay reaction Nicholas raacay guuldaradii of Decembrists ah. Xoriyatul qowlka la adkeeyay, kaas oo, Dabcan, ma jeclaan niyadda u deeqsi ah ee dadka. Boris Chicherin lahaa oo kaliya in ay interlayer ah. highlight kale oo uu dhalinyarada noqday kacdoonkii Yurub ee 1848, taas oo si weyn u saameeyay formation of aragtidiisa.

The ugu duwanyihiin ahaayeen dhacdooyinka ee France. Nin Young si farxad aqbalay news koowaad ee kacaanka, laakiin markii danbe u dhiibay on geedi socodka horumarka bulshada sida. Xataa in da 'weyn, ku tiirsanaa xagga fikradda ah in gobolka uma soconeyso bootin. Revolution - khiyaar ah ma aha. Waxaan raadineynaa dib u habaynta si tartiib ah halkii ay ka "demagogues quackery", ku hadla ee madaxa dadkii badnaa ka xanaaqay. Isla mar ahaantaana, in kasta oo ay niyad jab ee kacaanka, Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin ahaa deeqsi ah. Waayo, Russia, waxaa dhab noqday aasaasihii sharciga dastuurka.

In Nicholas Ruush

barta laga bilaabo fekeraya views siyaasadda iyo falsafada muuqday wax ku barayay Hegel. Chicherin danbeyn reinterpreted uu nidaamka metaphysical. Fekeraya rumeysan yahay in ay jiraan afar bilowgii buuxda - Jidka xidid, walax macquul ah iyo wax, iyo sidoo kale ruuxa ama fikrad (waa yoolka ugu dambeeya). In bulsho ee ifafaale waxaa ka muuqataa - bulshada rayidka ah, qoyska, kaniisadda iyo dawladda. Hegel dooday arrinta iyo maskaxdaada - waa kaliya muujin ka timid ruuxa. In formula Tan waxaa looga jeedaa siyaasad in xukuumaddu ay nuugaya oo dhan hay'adaha kale (qoys, kaniisadda, iyo D. sidaas on.). Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin ku eeliyey by fikirka, laakiin isku mid ma ahayn la. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in afar ka mid ah ifafaale kor ku tilmaamay waa u siman yihiin oo u dhiganta. Isaga oo views siyaasadeed nolosha oo dhan ku salaysan this u weeyn ku filan u fudud.

In 1851 Chicherin maray imtixaanka oo noqday macallinka. Uu sha ahaa ku saabsan mowduuca ee hay'adaha dawladda ee Russia qarnigii XVII ah. The views oo ka mid ah Professor of xilligii si buuxda u waafaqsan fikrad Xurmaysan ee Nicholas I of "Asalraacnimadu, -Raaxaysta- iyo dhalashadiisa." Sidaa darteed, Konserfatifka, kuwaas oo aan la aqbalo sha Chicherin, maadaama uu yahay in ay u dhaleeceeyay habka siyaasadeed ee qarnigii XVII ah. A dhowr sano ka dadka dhallinyarada ah shakin pestered Professor in qoraalka weli waa "maray". U suuragal ah keliya ee 1856. taariikhda Tani ma aha shil. Sannaddii in, Nicholas aan hore u dhintay, oo carshiga wiilkiisa Alexander II ahaa. marxalad cusub bilaabay for Russia, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo "fronderskie" sida sha qaaday oo ay la socdaan intiisa kale.

Galbeed iyo statesman

Laga soo bilaabo barta fikradeed of view, Biography Chicherina Borisa Nikolaevicha waa tusaale ka mid ah nolosha iyo hawlaha ee reer galbeedka. Horeba da 'yar, uu soo jiitay dareenka bulshada aqooneed ee dalka. Uu article, daabacay bilowgii boqornimadii Alexander II oo ah, in 1858, ayaa laga soo ururiyey buug oo kala duwan "Tijaabo on taariikhda sharciga Ruush." ururinta Tan waxaa loo arkaa u qalmeen ku salaysan dugsiga taariikhiga ah-sharciga ah ama dadweynaha ee sharciga qoyska. Chicherin noqday par horyaal ay la Konstantin Kavelin iyo Sergeem Solovevym.

Wakiilada ee habkani rumeeyaan in ay dawladdu waa xoog la driving ugu weyn ee dalka oo dhan. Chicherin sidoo kale sameeyeen aragti of enslavement iyo Isfurtaan oo ka mid ah qaybaha bulshada. Aragtidiisa ahaa in marxalad gaar ah oo horumarka taariikhiga ah ee bulshada Ruush si looga hortago in bixitaanka serfdom. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah sababaha dhaqaale iyo bulsho. Haddaba, in bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, baahida loo qabo ayaa la waayay. Taariikhyahanadu, dowlada ku dooday in xoraynta qastaan.

hawlaha saxaafadda

Alexander II, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay awood 1855, badiyay War Crimean ah, ogaaday in dalka uu u baahan yahay dib u habayn. Aabbihiis maankuu bulshada Ruush wuu barafoobay, sidaas si la hadasho, raagayaan xaaladda. Haddaba dhibaatooyinka oo dhan ayaa ka soo baxday. Iyo ugu horreeya oo dhan - su'aasha soo ridayeen ah. Isbedelka waxaa isla markiiba dareemay. Waxaa bilaabay dood dadweynaha. Waxay u buuxsamayso bogagga wargeysyada. Xisbiga Libaraalka ayaa ahaa "Ruush Gazette" Slavophiles "wada hadalka Ruush." In wada hadal ah ee arrimaha bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha ku lug iyo Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich.

Reer Galbeed ayaa si deg deg ah u noqdaan wariye caan ah oo la aqoonsan yahay. Horeba in uu dhallinyarada, ayuu horumariyo uu style u gaar ah, oo ka kooban in tixraacyo badan oo ay taariikhda dheer ee gobolka Ruush. Chicherin ma ahaa "dagaalka ka dhanka ah taliska." A xagjirka deeqsi ah iyo Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in boqortooyada awoodi doonaan in ay la qabsadaan dhibaatooyinka ku ururtay, haddii ay qabtaan dib u habaynta wax ku ool ah. Wariye Task-dimuqraadiyadda arkay gargaar maamulka, iyo ma ay baabba '. Qaybta waxbarasho ee bulshada u baahan yahay inuu wax baro gobolka iyo ka caawiyay in ay go'aan sax ah sameeyaan. Kuwaas oo aan ku jiray hadal aan micne lahayn. Waxaa la og yahay in Alexander II wuxuu akhriyeyey wargeyska maalin kasta dhammaan ururada siyaasadeed, falanqeeyo oo iyaga barbar. Boqortooyada ayaa sidoo kale ogyahay shuqullada Chicherin. By ay dabiicadda, boqorku innaba ma aha ahaa reer Galbeed ah, laakiin uu pragmatism lagu qasbay in ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad, "wanaagsan dadweynaha".

Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich hadhay Kaalmeeya absolutism sidoo kale maxaa yeelay, wuxuu u maleeyey in wax ku ool ah habka this marka ay timaado samaynta go'aano nacaayo. Haddii korontadu maroorsi go'aansado inuu dib u habeeyn, waxa ay awoodaan in ay u samayn aan eegaya Baarlamaanka uu noqon doono, iyo qaab kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah mucaaradka. Boqor si dhakhso ah oo si wadajir ah loo sameeyaa a xal nidaamka toosan. Sidaa darteed, ka mid ah taageerayaasha dhexe ee awoodda ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa oo Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Reer galbeedka indha u unu nidaamka, iyagoo rumaysan in ay on iyaga u gaar ah waa idlaan doonaan, markii ay dawladdu ka dhigay Isbadal ugu horeysay ee aasaasiga ah.

Khilaafka la asxaabteena

In buugaagta Soviet Biography Chicherina Borisa Nikolaevicha tixgeliyo caadi ah oo aan dhamaystirnayn. Dowladda Socialist horjeedda fikrado badan oo difaacay qareenka. Isla mar ahaantaana, intii uu noolaa, waxa uu haatan lagu eedeynayaa by badan oo ka mid ah uu la shaqayn jiray reer galbeedka. Waxaa xiran xaqiiqda ah in Chicherin ku dooday in tanaasul maamulka. Ma uusan isku dayaan in ay isbedel lama filaan ah, innagoo maskaxda 1848 sanadka.

Tusaale ahaan, qoraaga rumeysan yahay in dawladda ku haboon waa in ay jirkooda wakiil, oo ay ku jiraan Baarlamaanka. Laakiin in Russia, isagu ma uu arki shuruudaha dhismaha hay'adaha sida. Society weli ma ku filan loogu talagalay ay u saftay. Waxa ay ahayd meel isku dheeli tiran. In dhulgoosadka Russia, iyadoo ay tiro-qoris isku duba riday iyo caajisnimo bulshada ee inta badan ee dadka si fudud aan horumariyo dhaqanka siyaasadeed in la Western caadiga ah marka la barbar dhigo karo. Inta badan oo ka mid ah xisbiga Libaraalka iyo neceb -Raaxaysta- haddii kale u maleeyay. Dadkani waxay rumaysan yahay Chicherina ku dhowaad laahi Xuseen taliskii.

Tusaale ahaan, Herzen waxaa la barbar dhigo Saint-Just - maleegay oo ka mid ah argagixisada iyo talisnimada Jacobin ah in kacaan France. Chicherin isaga ku kulmay London ee 1858. Herzen noolaa dibedda, halkaas oo uu hawlo saxaafadeed firfircoon mahad saamayn weyn gobolka maankoodu Ruush. Chicherin ka jawaabayay eedeymo qoraaga of novel ah "Yaa eed?" Ayuu ku jawaabay in uu "ma garanayo sida loo hayn dhexe macquul ah." Kudka of laba qorayaasha caanka ah waxba u yimid, oo waxay qaybsadeen gudaheedana sinaba uma ay oggolaan, in kastoo dareemay kasta ixtiraam kale labada dhinac.

naqdin xafiiseedyada

Taariikhyahan iyo publicist Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin, shuqulladiisa oo ma cambaarayn ku salaysan nidaamka maroorsi (awoodda kaliya ee Boqortooyada), gaar kale dhibcood cad daciif ah gobolka Ruush. Wuxuu ogaaday in cillad halis ah in nidaamka maamul waa xukunka xafiiseedyada ka. Taas darteed, xataa waxgaradka ah, si loo gaaro wax nolosha, waxaan ku khasbannahay in saraakiisha ka tixgeliyo Chicherin xoreynta tago

Biography The ninkan - hooyo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka ee sharaf qoyska ka mid ah kuwa uu guulo uu dadaala ah iyo talanti. Ma aha la yaab leh in qoraaga arkay baahida loo qabo in soo bixitaanka of daaha midaysan ee mulkiilayaasha saameynta badan kuwaas oo ka fadilay habaynta deeqsi ah. Waa kuwan waa aqoon iyo dadka hodanka ah ayaa noqon kara caqabad ku yahay Lagaga saraakiisha laf, oo gacanta ku hal, iyo fowdo, diyaariso darajo iyo file, oo dhinaca kale ah.

nidaamka maamul iyo hawlqabad la'aan firfircoonayn ahaa karah in badan, iyo taxanaha, kuwaas oo, shaki ku jirin, waxay ahayd Biography Chicherin xoreynta qoraaga ka mid xaqiiqda u xiiso badan oo la taaban karo. Ka dib markii uu noqday professor a, wuxuu moodayay in lagu kala saaro gole gobol. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wariye u diiday oo aan aqbalin in sumaddii ee darajada xitaa ", waayo show". Dhaxalka uu ka dhalay guryaha qoyska helay. In mulkiilaha miyir iyo taxadir, Chicherin badbaadin karin dhaqaalaha. Inta nolosha qoraaga, waxa ku hadhay faa'iido iyo ahbaa dakhliga. Lacagtan waxaa loo ogol yahay in waqti on adeega dadweynaha, iyo hal-abuur sayniska qaataan.

Ka dib markii la baabiiyo of serfdom

Habeeynimadii of dib u habaynta ridayeen ku Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin (1828-1904) wuxuu tegey safar uu ku tago Europe. Markii uu dalkiisa ku noqday, dalka noqday gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Serfdom la tirtiray, iyo bulsho bakhtiistay muranka ku saabsan mustaqbalka Russia ee. Writer isla markiiba ku lug muran this. Waxa uu taageeray maamulka in ay dedaalkan oo wuxuu u yeedhay Regulation 19 February 1861 sano, "taallo ugu wanaagsan ee sharciga Ruush". Isla mar ahaantaana in labada jaamacadaha waaweyn ee dalka (Moscow iyo St. Petersburg) wuu kordhay dhaqdhaqaaqa ardayga. Dadka dhalinyarada kala duwan ee dhigyo, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa siyaasadeed hadlay. Leaders of hay'adaha waxbarashada sare markii qaar ka mid ah ayaan fadhin oo waxba ma ay gartaan sida looga hortegaayo in farax. Professor Qaar ka mid ah xitaa Taageersanaa ardayda. Chicherin u sameeyey kulan looga baahan yahay ardayda oo la xiriira in ay geedi socodka waxbarashada tooska ah (horumar ah shuruudaha iyo D. sidaas on.). Laakiin dhigyo ka dhan ah xukuumadda qoraa dhaleeceeyay, ka fiirsaneysa ay xayi ah xunxun ee caadiga ah in uusan innaba wanaag ma.

Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich, kuwaas oo views siyaasadeed yihiin, dabcan, waxay ahaayeen badelney, habase yeeshee rumeysan yahay in dalka ugu horreeya oo dhan u baahan tahay si. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la odhan karaa waa deeqsi ku riyaaqayaa ilaalinta ama muxaafid. Waxa ay ahayd ka dib markii 1861 muuqda Chicherina ugu dambeyntii sameeyay. Waxay qaateen qaab kaas oo lagu yaqaan in ay durriyadii. In mid ka mid ah publications ay, qoraaga sharaxay in liberalism xisbiga konserfatifka - dib u heshiisiinta ah ee bilowga ah ee sharciga iyo xoogga iyo bilowgii xorriyadda. Weedhani waxa ay noqday caanka ah ee wareegyada sare oo ka tirsan dowladda. Its heer sare ah oo mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee soo dhawaaday Alexander II - Prince Alexander Gorchakov.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mabda this ma noqon asaasiga ah si go'aanada mustaqbalka ee dawladda. awoodda daciif ah oo tallaabooyin lagu xakamaynayo - halkan waa sida loo sifaha in mid ka mid ah publications ku Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee qoraaga ayaa sheegay in uu naftiisa uu ahaa ugu dhakhsaha badan ay astaan u dhacdo muhiim ah. articles iyo buugaagta uu jecel yihiin boqorka. natiijo A si toos ah dabeecad oo intaasu waxay ahayd martiqaad Chicherina noqon mentor iyo macallin Nikolai Alexandrovich - kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Taariikhyahan farxad aqbalay.

macallinka Prince Crown ee

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, musiibadii ugu dhakhsaha badan ku dhuftay. In 1864, Nikolay Aleksandrovich baxay inuu safar ku dhaqanka in Europe. Waxaa ka mid addoommadiisii oo ahaa Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Photos of qoraaga this inta badan aakhirka wargaysyada, wuxuu noqday xubin muhiim ah in intelligentsia Ruushka. Laakiin in Europe waxay lahayd si ku meel gaar ah u joojiso hawlaha ay saxaafadda. Waxa uu mashquul ku ahaa iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa, weliba, Florence xanuunsaday la Harar. xaalad Chicherina ahaa mid laga cabsado, laakiin waxa uu si lama filaan ah soo kabsaday. Laakiinse ardayga Nikolai Alexandrovich yar nasiib. Wuxuu u dhintay tubercular meningitis ee Nice ee 1865.

Taariikhda ay bogsashada u gaar ah iyo dhimashada lama filaan ah kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay Chicherin. Waxa uu noqday more diinta. At macalinka isla Nikolai Alexandrovich waxaan arkay nin mustaqbalka, awood u leh inay sii wadaan dib u habaynta deeqsi aabbihiis. Time ayaa muujisay in dhaxalka cusub cadeeyay inuu yahay qof ka duwan. Ka dib dilkii Alexander II, III Alexander carqaladeeyey dib u habaynta. Marka waxa ay bilowday gobolka soo socda la ruxruxo ee falcelinta (sida hoos Nicholas I). Chicherin noolaa ilaa da'da this. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo aragto raadadka burburkii filayo iyaga u gaar ah oo ku saabsan carruurta Tsar-Liberator.

Macallinka iyo qoraa

Markuu soo kabsaday oo ku soo laabtay Russia, Chicherin bilaabay barayay at University Moscow. Waxa uu bilaabay muddada ugu badan dhala of abuurka sayniska. Tan iyo markii qeybtii labaad ee 60 ka. si joogto ah la daabacay buugaag asaasiga ah, qoraaga ah taas oo ahayd Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin. Shuqullada weyn ee qoraaga kula macaamilooteen nidaamka dawliga ah iyo bulshada reer Russia. In 1866, ee falsafo iyo taariikhyahan, ku qoray kitaabka "On Matalaadda Shacabka." Bogagga shaqada this Chicherin qirtay in boqortooyo distuuri ah uu yahay habka ugu wanaagsan ee siyaasadeed, laakiin Russia ayaa weli ma horumariyo shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah u ansixiyo.

Shuqulkiisa ku hadhay ku dhowaad dareemo waaxda horusocod ah ee dadweynaha. Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin on Libaraalka waqti in mar daacad ah oo si cad u hadlay - in ay qoraan buug qoto dheer, saynisyahano in Russia waa wax aan waxba tarayn. taageerayaasha Anyway xagjirka ah ee dimuqraadiyadda iyo kacaanka, ama iyaga ayaa seegi doona sida wax soo saarka kale oo fal-celin. Masiirka ee Chicherin sida qoraa, iyo runta ahaa maqlana. Dhaleeceeyay by saffarro uu, isagu ma uu aqbalay iyo maamulka Soviet, iyo kaliya in Russia oo casri ah markii ugu horeysay buugaagta uu waxaa la soo dersay ku filan, qiimayn Ujeedada waa xaaladda siyaasadeed.

In 1866, Boris Chicherin ka go'an in ay waxbaridda iyo qudhiisu Nagi in curinta buugaagta cilmiga ah. Writer, iska casilay ka cabanaya. Isaga iyo dhowr Professor deeqsi ah (oo sidoo kale u muujiyaan tageen booskooda) falalka kaga cadhaysiiyeen Raktarka of University Moscow State Sergei Barsheva. Wuxuu, si wadajir ah ula saraakiil ka tirsan Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa isku dayay in la kordhiyo oggolaansho laba macalimiinta muxaafidka ah, inkastoo falalka kuwanu waa lid ku ah Axdiga.

Kadib markii fadeexadan fadeexadda ah ee Chicherin waxay u guurisay degaanka Karla ee gobolka Tambov. Waxa uu si joogto ah u qoray, marka laga reebo muddada 1882-1883, markii loo doortay madaxweynaha magaalada Moscow. Sida shakhsi ahaan dadweynaha, qoraa ayaa awooday inuu xalliyo dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee caasimadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ka qaybqaatay munaasabadda dabaaldega Alexander III.

Shaqooyinka waaweyn

Maxay yihiin buugaagta ugu culus ee ka dambeeya by Chicherin Boris Nikolayevich? "Falsafadda Sharciga", oo la daabacay 1900, wuxuu ahaa shaqadii ugu dambeysay ee uu ku shaqeeyo. Buugan, qoraa ayaa qaatay talaabo geesinimo leh. Fikradda ah in nidaamka sharciga ah uu yeelan karo falsafadiisa u gaarka ah waxaa lagu tiriyaa kuwa leh saameyn saameyn leh. Laakiin Chicherin, sida had iyo jeer, ma dib u eegin ra'yiga aqlabiyadda, laakiin si joogta ah oo si adag u difaacay booskiisa.

Ugu horreyn, wuxuu cambaareeyay fikradda baahsan ee sharcigu u yahay in uu yahay iska hor imaad u dhexeeya xoogagga bulshada iyo danaha kala duwan. Marka labaad, qoraagu wuxuu u jeestay waayo-aragnimada falsafadii hore. Laga soo bilaabo qoraallada Giriigga ee qadiimka ah wuxuu soo saaray fikradda ah "sharciga dabiiciga ah" iyada oo loo marayo horumarinta iyo u wareejinta xaqiiqda Ruush ee wakhtigiisa. Chicherin ayaa rumeysnaa in sharcigu ka socdo aqoonsiga xorriyadaha bini aadamka.

Maanta waxaan si ammaan ah u oran karnaa in aasaasaha sayniska siyaasadeed ee Ruushku uu si gaar ah u yahay Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin. Wuxu qoray qoraallo ku saabsan liberalism iyo isbeddellada kale ee fekerka ah da 'yar yar ee maqaallo badan. In 80-90 ee. Cilmi-baaristu si toos ah ayey ugu hawlanayd dhinaca siyaasadda. Wuxuu qoray buugaagta asaasiga ah "Property and State" (1883), iyo sidoo kale "Course of State Science" (1896).

Shaqadani waxay cilmi-baaristu isku dayday inay ka jawaabto su'aalihii kala duwanaa: Maxay yihiin xuduudaha la oggol yahay ee hawlaha maaraynta maamulka, maxay tahay "wanaagga dadwaynaha, waajibaadka xafiis-dejinta? Iwm. Tusaale ahaan, marka la falanqeynayo doorka dowlad-goboleed ee dhaqaalaha dalka, ayuu Chicherin ku dhaleeceeyay faragalinta faraha badan ee dhismayaasha awoodda. Takhasuska ayaa aaminsanaa in qaybtan dhaqaalaha ee meesha ugu horeysa ay tahay inuu noqdo qorshe gaar ah.

Boris Chicherin ayaa dhintay bishii February 16, 1904. Toddobaad ka hor, Ruushka-Japan wuxuu bilaabay dagaal. Dalka ugu dambeyntii wuxuu soo galay qarnigii labaatanaad, oo buuxa kacsanaan iyo dhiig daadis ah (isbedelka ugu horreeya ee dhowaan soo baxay). Qoraa ma uusan helin dhacdooyinkan. Laakiin intii uu noolaa waxa uu ka warqabay khatarta ah xag-jirnimada siyaasadeed waxayna isku dayday awoodiisa oo dhan si looga hortago musiibo.