Ciyaaryahan chess Jarmal Lasker Emmanuil (Emanuel Lasker): Biography

Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in Lasker Emmanuil - xisaab Jarmal iyo falsafo oo ahaa horyaalka chess dunida muddo 26 sano ah oo si balaadhan caanka ah, si uu kulanka xirfad weyn mahad. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu si guul leh u soo shaqeeyay oo duurka ku ah algebra hormagalinta, iyo falanqaynta xisaabta kulan ee kaarka loo yaqaan ilaa hadda.

Aan badan oo ku saabsan shakhsiyadda this xiiso bartaan.

sanadaha hore

ciyaaryahan Chess Emanuel Lasker ku dhashay Berlinhene (Prussia) December 24, 1868. Wuxuu ahaa ina pappi Yuhuudda. Marka uu ahaa 11 sano jir, uu u soo diray inuu Berlin si ay u bartaan xisaabta. In inta u dhaxaysa waxbarashada noqotay markii free, oo marar badan wuxuu ciyaaray walaalkiis ka weyn in chess.

walaalihii waxay ahaayeen kuwo liita, iyo Lasker go'aansaday in uu ka dhigi kara qaar ka mid ah lacagta ay ka qayb tartan, kaas oo u habeysan yihiin in kooxda chess maxaliga ah. Meeshiisa jecel waxaa Cafe "Kaiserhof", halkaas oo uu durba waxay bilaabeen inay ku guuleysato horyaalka.

In 1889 ee Breslau, uu kaalinta koowaad ka qaaday in mid ka mid ah kooxihii tartanka. Isla sanadkaas ayuu u baxay inuu Amsterdam, halkaas oo uu kaalinta labaad ku guuleystay. In 1892 wuxuu aaday inuu London si ay u muujiyaan xirfadaha ay u British ah. Markaas Lasker haajiray Maraykanka.

Kooxda heysata horyaalka adduunka

In 1894, Lasker guuleystay Chess World Championship by adkaadeen ciyaaryahanka caanka Vilgelma Steynitsa. Dhacdadani waxa ay dunida uga naxay maxaa yeelay, Emmanuel ahaa sano oo kaliya 25 jir.

goobjoogayaasha Incredulous, inuusan dooneynin inuu ka galin xaqiiqada ah in ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa ku guuleystay ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican adduunka, weli sida qumman u yimid inuu go'aankiisa. Waxay taasi sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in Steinitz horeba ahayd arrin nin duq ah, iyo in ciyaarta uu ma uu karin inuu muujiyo awoodooda.

Wilhelm ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in ka hor inta ku wareegsan ee la soo dhaafay uu ka soo gaaray hurdo la'aan, waana sababta uu ku waayay. Waxa uu dalbaday in celis ah Lasker. Laakiin Emanuel Eebase ma aha halis dhaqso helay horyaalka. Oo markii ay mar kale la kulmay laba sano ka dib ee yire.

In this celis, kaas oo ka dhacay 1896, Lasker mar kale ku guuleystay. Muddo ka dib ayuu ku raacay qaar ka mid ah goobjoogayaasha in factor ugu muhiimsan ee ka soo baxa kulankaan ahaa da'da uu soo horjeeda.

Ganacsiga iyo chess

In 1895, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Emanuel Lasker waxaa uu ka soo kabsaday Harar, wuxuu kaalinta seddaxaad ka qaaday in tartanka in Hastings. soo horjeeda badan ayaa tilmaamay in uu yahay suubban iyo mudane caaqil, iyo, in la barbardhigo khubaro badan, waxay leedahay tayada xirfadeed fasalka-koowaad.

Lasker runtii wax fikrad ah kama ku saabsan ganacsiga. Tan iyo markii uu ahaa ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican adduunka, oo uu ku hadalka, ayuu weyddiiyey in ay maal-koobka ee $ 2,000. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu dayada kale ganacsiga aan ku guulaysan. Shaqada beeraha iyo taranta xamaam oo lagu guuleeysan.

Sababtoo ah ee looga baahan yahay in ay lacag helaan, waayo, ka qaybgalka tartanka chess ciyaartoyda kale ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay inuu raaco tusaale ahaan. Lasker ayaa sheegay in uusan rabin in ay u dhintaan dadka saboolka ah, sida Steinitz. xataa inuu doonayo si aad u hesho copyright a on kulan oo dhan (uu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo, laakiin 1960, Bobby Fischer ahaa awoodaan in ay taas loo gaaro). Ciyaaryahanka Jarmal ayaa kacaan dhab. ciyaartoyda Modern jeclaan lahaa inaan u mahadceliyo Emmanuel for xaqiiqda ah in maanta ay lacag ku heli kartaa ay tartanka.

Horumarka sayniska iyo waxbarashada

By ka qeyb tartanka chess ah, Lasker Emmanuil ma illoobi ku saabsan waxbarashada. Waxa uu helay shahaadada dhamaystirka dugsiga sare ee qayaanay der ah Worth (waqti in magaaladii la tixgeliyo qayb ka mid ah Prussia). In Göttingen iyo Heidelberg, wuxuu bartay xisaabta iyo falsafadda.

Lasker noqday bare ka ah Jaamacadda Tulane ee New Orleans (1893), iyo University of Victoria ee Manchester (1901). In 1902 uu doctorate oo ka tirsan jaamacadda Erlangen helay waxbarasho ee nidaamka aljabrada aan la taaban karin.

difaacaneysa horyaalka

Lasker Emmanuil muddo 26 sano ah ku hadhay horyaalka adduunka chess ah. Waxa uu ahaa ciyaaryahan kale dhibsado, kuwaas oo sheegay in uu si joogto ah niyad ka qaybgalka ku celis ah, si aanay u lumin uu horyaalka. Wuxuu horyaalka difaacay jeer oo keliya 6.

Vilyam Naper mar xusay in ciyaaryahanka chess Jarmal waa mid aad u adag tahay in uu ku qanciyo si loo ogaado waqtiga saxda ah iyo meesha kulanka. In 1907, waxay ugu dambeyntii la kulmay, iyo Lasker isaga adkaaday.

In 1908 waxa uu ku ciyaarayay ciyaaryahan kale oo caan ah - Siegbert Tarrasch, iyo, dabcan, waxaa ku guuleystay. Ka dib markii uu tartanka soo horjeeda ayaa sheegay in laga badiyay kulankii ugu, sidii ay ahaayeen dhow dhow badda, taas oo saamayn xun isaga. Soon jaraa'id ku majaajilooday Tarrasch iyo allifay uu.

In 1909, Lasker ku guuleystay ciyaaryahanka reer Poland chess siedmeho Yanovskogo, iyo in 1910 - garaacday Karla Shlehtera la margin yar ee dhibcood ka. In 1914, Ruush Emperor Nicholas II abaabulay tartanka chess leh lacag abaalmarin ah - 1000 rubles. Lasker ka qeyb qaatay waxa ku jira, oo la hadlay kana soo horjeestay ciyaaryahan cajiib ah: Jose Capablanca of Cuba, Akiba Rubinstein ee Poland, Frank Marshall ka Maraykanka, Zigberta Tarrasha ka Germany iyo Aleksandra Alehina ka Russia. In finalka, Emmanuel ku guuleystay dhibcood qeybtii Capablanca oo noqday horyaalka ah. Soon, xaflad casho Tsar Ruush magacaabay Lasker iyo afar ciyaaryahan oo kale, "Grandmasters". Ereyga markii ugu horeysay dalbatay.

Isbeddelka ku ciyaarta

Intii uu noolaa ciyaarta jeska Lasker ayaa wax badan ka bedelay. Ciyaartoyda bilaabeen inay u malaynayso in buugaagta istaraatiiji ah oo dheeraad ah u muuqday oo publications mowduuc in wargaysyada iyo jaraaidka, tirada guuro adag iyo tabaha si joogto ah sii kordhaysa. Xitaa Schoenberg caanka ah ayaa sheegay in markii dhallinyaro ah ayuu ahaa, ciyaaryahan waxay ahayd inuu noqdo kaliya tayo ah oo macquul ah. ciyaartoyda A chess ee qarnigii labaatanaad, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xasuusto kumanyaalkii reer duwanaansho. Mid ka mid ah qalad - oo aad ku sugan tahay meel lumay.

Chess - ciyaar xisaabeed oo u baahan fikir cad iyo xukun. Kooxda heysata horyaalka adduunka Lasker ayaa sheegay in uu buugga "The Art of Chess» (Art ee Chess), ma suurtowdo in jiifsan iyo dissemble sabuuradda. Waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u fekeraan si hal abuurnimo iyo in la dhiso isku-dar ah duwanyihiin.

nolosha Personal

In uu noloshiisa shakhsiga ah Lasker ahaa oo dhan cad oo sax ah, sida in chess. In horaantii 1900, dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ka horeysay. Oo 1911 mar labaad on Martha Koch, kuwaas oo ahaa sarkaal sare oo ka mid ah sannad ayuu guursaday. Waxay hodan u ahaa. In 1931 wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu ka fariistay cayaaraha chess oo go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo Berlin. Inuu ka fariistay ayaa waxaa rudely kala gooyey by imaanshiyaha naasiga si xoog. Tan iyo markii ay laba ahaayeen Yuhuudda, inta lagu guda jiro "cadhoodeen anti-Semitic" ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ka tago Germany iyo waqti qaar ka mid ah ku qaataan ee England. Jarmal maamulka qabtay oo dhan hantida ka mid ah qoyska, iyo laba hadhay oo aan lacag.

Markaas iyana waxay u tageen inay USSR, halkaas oo Lasker qaatay dhalashada Soviet. Waxa uu muddo dheer baray machadka Moscow ee Xisaabta. Si dhakhso ah isaga iyo xaaskiisa u tageen inay Maraykanka. Waxa la yaab leh, in nolosha uu kasbaday guul ee ciyaarta kaarka "Bridge". xitaa wuxuu noqday xirfadle run. A January 11, 1941, isagu wuxuu u dhintay New York City laga bilaabo cudurka kelyaha ah ee isbitaalka Mount Senai.

publications caan ah

In 1895, Lasker Emmanuil daabacay laba ka mid ah warqadaha xisaabta. Ka dib markii uu soo galay phD ee (1900 -. 1902), ayuu qoray ay PhD ah, kaas oo la daabacay by Society Royal ah. Waxa uu aasaasay 1904, majaladda ugu dhakhsaha badan loo baxshay "magazine Chess Lasker."

In 1905, uu daabacay maqaal, kaas oo weli loo arkaa in ay muhiim u tahay ee aljabrada iyo joomatariga aljabrada. In 1906 wuxuu daabacay buug "halganka" tartanka in chess. shuqullo kale ee la xiriira falsafada. In 1926 wuxuu daabacay uu edition caan ah oo ka mid ah "suntaas chess ciyaarta» (Lehrbuch des Schachspiels).

Waxaan dhihi karnaa in Emanuel Lasker ahaa ma ahan oo keliya ciyaaryahan cajiib chess, oo difaacday horyaalka muddo 26 sano ah, laakiin sidoo kale xisaab weyn iyo falsafo, shuqulladiisa oo wali aad loo jecel yahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo bandhigo qaar ka mid ah isbedel ku ciyaarta ee chess, waayo, ka qaybgalka horyaalka ah, Liibaanay heli kartaa abaalmarin lacag caddaan ah, marka hore uu muujiyay ra'yi oo ku saabsan sida loo helo copyright for kulan oo ay, iyo xataa ilaa la yimid wax badan oo isu-gaynta, taas oo hadda loo isticmaalo by ciyaartoy badan. Sidaa darteed, magiciisa oo shaqo weyn - aan dhiman.