Kooxda heysata horyaalka chess World - boqorkii dunida chess ah

Dad badan oo la og yahay in dabeecadahooda sports shaqeeyo barayaa noqon Hardy, geesi iyo gaarto yoolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waa ka fog oo dhan. Sport ayaa sidoo kale waxay ka caawisaa si kor loogu qaado heerka horumarka aqooneed. Tusaale Wanaagsan chess ah. Dadka intooda badan tixraac kulankaan sida madadaalada iyo mid ka mid ah siyaabaha noqotay markii. Haddii aad dhex gelin qoto dheer, waxa aan arki karnaa in chess waa sport aad u abaabulan oo caan ah. Waxay leedahay madaxda u gaar ah, ururo badan oo kala duwan in ay u qabtaan tartan oo kala duwan iyo tartamada. Faraqa kaliya ee ka chess noocyada kale ee firfircoon waa xaqiiqda ah in liiska Olympic Games, ma ay joogin. In kasta oo noocan oo kale ah fal l'magdhow halkaas. Sidaas daraaddeed, labadii sano ee kasta ee Olombikada adduunka oo lagu qabtay, taas oo soo jiidata ma aha oo kaliya heysata chess dumarka iyo ragga ka mid ah, laakiin sidoo kale in ay bilowga ah kuwaas oo doonaya in ay muujiyaan awoodooda u fiican

asalka ah ee sports: chaturanga Indian

Waxaa jira legend sidii oo kulankaan ku istiwooday nolosha bulshada. Beri baa ah ee Hindiya, iyo haaf Muslim (wadaadka) abuuray Chaturanga - madadaalada, kaas oo ahaa guddiga la god oo ka mid ah talantaalli ah midabka. unugyadan muujiyay tirokoobyada. Kulankaan ayaa waxaa laga sameeyey, waayo, caajiso jooga daarta boqorka - Raja ah. war abuurashadoodii waa sidaas wacan in qofka ee talada haya in abaalmarinta uu soo jeediyay haaf dooran wax kasta oo uu doonayo. Oo wadaadku weydiiyay hadhuudh timidly. Laakiin sidan oo kale in ay gacanta ugu horeysay waxaa markii hore la dhigay mid ka mid hadhuudh ah. cell labaad muddo laba, saddex meelood oo meel lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay ku riday afar miraha iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa ka dib soo baxday, in hadhuudhka boqortooyada kuma filna, si ay u bixiso iyo haaf Muslim hadiyad cajiib ah. Tartiib tartiib, ciyaarta ayaa wax yar dib u habaynta. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee ka chess Chaturanga waa tirada ciyaartoyda. Haddii labada ciyaaryahan, ciyaarta qadiimiga kuu ogolaanayaa inaad inuu isku daro laba lammaane oo dadka ka qayb ah noocyada casriga ah. Talaabooyinka Chaturanga go'aamiyo riteen.

shirkadaha maamulka

Tartiib tartiib ciyaarta ku faafay adduunka oo dhan. Waxaa xusid mudan in bulshada mana diimeed ama siyaasadeed lahaa waxba ka dhanka madadaalada this. Currently, ururka ugu weyn ee samaynaya tartamada kala duwan waa Chess Federation International ah, niyad gaabiyey. Waxaa la aasaasay ee labaataneeyada ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Dhamaadka Millennium labaad, kooxda heysata horyaalka chess dunida Garry Kasparov ayaa abuuray PCA - Professional Chess Association, kaas oo socday muddo saddex sano oo kaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in sida muddo gaaban ayay u suurtagashay in ay "Abuuran" wax badan oo ka mid ah ciyaartoyda xoog leh. Kooxda heysata horyaalka chess World, loo tababaray oo ay muujiyaan aqoonta aad ee PCA-ga, waxaa loo arkaa a "kooxda heysata horyaalka ee ciyaarta classic."

talanti Young ka Norway

In kastoo loo arko ciyaar ay leedahay taariikh dheer oo ah horumarinta, tartan caalami ah ayaa laga qabtay waxa ay ku dhawaan. dagaal ugu dambaysa ee taajka chess lagu qabtay dhowr bilood ka hor. tartanka, taas oo lagu qabtay Chennai, Hindiya, waxay muujiyeen dhagaystayaasha natiijada cajiib ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda horyaalka ku guuleystay sida wiil dhallinyaro ah. Laba iyo labaatan Norwegian Magnus Carlsen ayaa la siiyay horyaalka ee "World Chess Champion." In dagaalka cadaalad ah Grandmaster dhalinyaro ah oo ku guuleystay sayidkii Indian Vishvanatana Ananda. kulan In toban kaliya tartanka dhamaaday ay guushu ku Grandmaster dhallinyarada. Maanta, kooxda heysata horyaalka chess hadda dunida ka Norway ayaa hogaaminaya liiska mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu fiican dunida. labaad Tani darajayn ka dib Magnus Carlsen Levon Aronian waa. Xirtey saddexda hoggaamiye ka Russia ee Vladimir Kramnik yimid. Ka sokow hiwaayadaha halis chess, Magnus Carlsen ayaa laftiisa xaqiijiyay in ganacsiga Qaabaynta ah. photos uu inta badan soo jiidaan cover ee magazine GQ ee caanka ah.

Back kulan guriga

Kooxda heysata horyaalka hore ee chess dunida, waxa uu ku dhashay India. Magaciisa - Viswanathan Anand. Waxa uu ku guuleystay horyaalka ee ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican adduunka ee 2007. Wuxuu ku dhashay Grandmaster ee gobolka of Madras ee 1969. macalinka kowaad wuxuu ahaa hooyadiis Indian. Waxay baray mustaqbalka dhigay "derin" xirfad sayidkiisa grand caanka ah. Viswanathan ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican India. Tan iyo 1993, Anand si guul ah ka qeyb ee koobabka kala duwan ee horyaalka dunida. Cinwaanka "World Chess Champion" Hindu helo sanadkii 2007, garaaceen Vladimir Kramnik. Sannad ka dib, Viswanathan Anand xaqiijiyay inuu horyaalka si guul ah soo horjeeda Bonn. In 2013, Hindiya meeshii Norwegian ah dhallinyarada ahaa yimaadeen.

sayid Soviet Gacaliye

Vladimir Kramnik bulshada loo yaqaan horyaalka adduunka chess afar iyo tobnaad. Magaaladiisa waa talented Grandmaster Tuapse. Waxaa iyo Vladimir waxa uu ku dhashay 1975. Kramnik waa mid ka mid ah kuwa si sharaf iyo kibirka waa horyaalka ee horyaalka ee "chess classical" sida ay Chess Association Professional ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, Vladimir Borisovich si fiican u qalmay sayidkiisa Ruush isboortiga ee foomkan.

In 1991, Kramnik la siiyey horyaalka ee International Grandmaster. Illaa markan uu guusha taajajka ahaa horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka ka mid ah fasalada. Vladimir waa ma ahan oo keliya xaliyay wakiil Russia ee tartamada caalamiga ah ee xulka qaranka.

Guushii ugu horeysay ee la taaban karo, waayo, Kramnik jiray Liibaan 2000. Waxaa markaas magaalada London, Ruush ah ku riday a "saaxiibkiisa" in ay isku wadanka yihiin, kooxda heysata horyaalka hore dunida Garry Kasparov. Afar sano ka dib, Vladimir kulmay guddiga chess la Peter Leko ah. Ka dib Halgan dheer Russia difaacay uu darajo sare. In 2006 Kramnik isku daro sida ay horyaalka adduunka PCA ay isku cinwaanka by niyad, guusha ee ciyaarta midoobidda a Veselina Topalova. dhamaadka sanadkaan A wuxuu maraa darajo sare oo ah hooyo ee Hindiya - Viswanathan Anand.

Kii saddex iyo tobnaadna World Champion

tiradaasi kale oo si caddaalad ah si fiican u yaqaan in adduunka ee chess waa Garry Kasparov. Grandmaster waxa uu ku dhashay 1963. hooyo A ee Baku asal ahaan u dhashay magaca Weinstein. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay chess ah guddiga aabbihiis beeray. Harry ahayd shan sano jir. Sanadkii 1976 waxaa jiray dhacdada ugu horeysay ee weyn ee nolosha wiilka, oo wuxuu noqday horyaalka ee Chess USSR ee Championship. Laba sano ka dib Kasparov xaliyay guul tartanka, "Sokolsky Memorial", kaas oo lagu qabtay Minsk. Iyada oo dhacdadan, Harry ayaa la gudoonsiiyay horyaalka ee Master of Sports.

In 1980, Kasparov dhammeeyey dugsiga la bilad dahab ah. isla sanadkaas ayaa waxaa ay astaan u weli ay dhacdo kale oo muhiim ah nolosha qofka dhalinyarada ah. In Dortmund, kii ayaa loo horyaalka ah horyaalka adduunka ka mid ah fasalada. Isla mar, Kasparov ahaa Grandmaster ugu da'da yaraa ee dunida.

At da'da siddeed iyo ciyaartoyda da'da yar ayaa noqonaya kooxda heysata horyaalka ee USSR. wax soo saarka hore ee GM ciyaaraha dadka waaweyn ka dhacay 1984. Oo uu soo horjeeda ahaa Anatoly Karpov. Play kulan ee horyaalka chess dunida ahaa rikoor in muddo. Ciyaarta ayaa socotay muddo dhawr bilood ah, ka September 1984 iyo February 1985. Tartanka ayaa waxaa ku guuleysatay Karpov. Kulanka soo socda ee labada fanaaniinta lagu qabtay September 1985. madasha tartanku wuxuu ahaa Moscow. Waxaa halkan waa, oo aqoonsaday 13 horyaalka chess dunida. Waxay noqday Garry Kasparov, kuwaas oo ku garaacday hore "King oo ka mid ah guddiga iyo dhilif" la score ah 13:11. Ilaa bilowgii qarnigii kow iyo labaatanaad, Grandmaster a talented ayaa si joogta ah cadaato ay xaq u leedahay in darajo sare ugu horeysay on version ku niyad ah, oo markaas sidii PCA. Shan iyo toban sano ka dib markii ay dhacdooyin kuweyn tartanka sayidkiisa Ruush uu ku waayay in uu isku wadanka Vladimir Kramnik. Iyadoo la raacayo, horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka ayaa sidoo kale laga badiyay.

bandhigay horyaalka

Anatoly Karpov waa horyaalka chess dunida iyo tobnaad. Wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Ruush ah Zlatoust, ayuu waxa uu ku dhashay 1951. Iyada oo aabbihiis Karpov at da'da shan sano, marka hore ka bartay oo ku saabsan dunida chess. At afar iyo toban, Anatoly noqday macallinka sports ee foomkan. Dhab ahaantii xiiso helo horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka Karpov. Lahaanshaha natiijo fiican gaarey kulan yar, tayo dhallinyarada ayaa tartanka caalamiga ah. Oo uu soo horjeeda ay aheyd inuu noqdo Robert Dzheyms Fisher. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax yar ka hor bilowgii ciyaarta American ah ayaa diiday in uu ka qayb. Sidaas darteed, horyaalka iyo tobnaad dunida Anatoly Karpov heshay horyaalka. In sano ee ku xiga, GM ayaa cadeeyay in uu yahay inay istaahilaan inay xirtaan horyaalka ee sare ka dhalanaya. ciyaaryahan Chess aad si guul leh ku sameeyo tartamada kala duwan. On account ka mid ah uu guul Milan ee 1975. Ka dib guushii Talyaaniga waxaa xigay ma horumarka yar cajiib ah ee Manila, Rovinj-Zagreb iyo magaalooyin kale. Karpov saddex jeer horyaalka ee USSR. Grandmaster ayaa sidoo kale heysta rikoorka dunida ee guul ugu. Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka oo dhan qofna Isboortiga waxa ay awood u gaaro natiijo sida, taas oo gaadhay Anatoly Karpov.

American Bobby

Robert Dzheyms Fisher - Kooxda heysata horyaalka ugu horeysay chess dunida ka Maraykanka. waxaa loo yaqaan bulshada adduunka Bobby. Joornaalka "Chess Information" loo magacaabay ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican qarnigii labaatanaad American. chess Gift ciyaareed furay walaal. Bobby si firfircoon horumarinta aqoontooda, iyo da'da saddex iyo toban uu ku guuleystay horyaalka Maraykanka ee chess dhallinyarada. Sannad ka dib, wuxuu u kiciyey xaalada uu ku sugan horyaalka qaangaarka ah, isagoo noqday ciyaaryahanka ugu da'da yaraa, kuwaas oo guul dhacdhaco in da 'yar. At da'da shan iyo toban, Fischer noqday Grandmaster ah, tegaayo ka danbeeya, waayo natiijada Borisa Spasskogo, heshay horyaalka in toddoba iyo toban sannadood. Iyada oo meel isku mid ah iyo ciyaaryahankii ugu horeeyay ee chess Bobby World Tournament. In 1972, Fischer dhigeysa "derin" ee Grandmaster ee Soviet-Faransiis iyo helo horyaalka.

guusha tobnaad ee horyaalka dunida

Boris Spassky waxa uu ku dhashay 1937 in Leningrad. Waxaan bartay inaan ciyaaro chess ee da'doodu ka yartahay shan sano. In ka konton konton ah ee qarnigii labaatanaad Boris markii ugu horeysay ka qeyb qaadanaya heerka ugu dambeeya ee horyaalka ee USSR iyo ciyaaryahan ku guuleystay. Isla sanadkaas, Spassky waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee International Grandmaster. At da'da laba iyo soddon sannadood, oo wuxuu noqday horyaalka chess dunida by adkaadeen Tigran Petrosian. A dhowr sano ka dib gudbiya darajo sare American Bobby Fischer.

grandmasters Soviet

Tigran Petrosian waxa uu ku dhashay 1929 in Tbilisi. Title of chess Grandmaster caalamiga ah Soviet helay 1952. Muddo ka dib waxa uu noqonayaa Master ka talaabsato of Sports Midowga Soofiyeeti. By guuleystay Musharaxiinta tartanka ee 1962, Tigran tagaa caalamka. Waxaa uu ku guuleystay horyaalka dunida, taas oo ka hor inta uusan ninka ay Mikhail Botvinnik lahaayeen. Toddoba sano ka dib, horyaalka aado Borisu Spasskomu.

Liiska guuleystay horyaalka adduunka ku badan heysata chess Soviet ah dadka dunida ka mid ah. Waxa intaa dheer in kuwan, waxay sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah Vasily Smyslov, Aleksandr Alehin, Mikhail Tal iyo Mikhail Botvinnik. Arintaan waa horyaalka ugu horeysay ee Soviet in ciyaartan.

Mikhail Botvinnik waxa uu ku dhashay 1911 ee gobolka Vyborg. Toddoba iyo soddon sannadood ka dib markii uu ku dhashay Mikhail noqdo horyaalka chess dunida by adkaadeen Col Amsterdam Maksa Eyve. Waayo, wakhtiga oo dhan ka qaybgalka tartanka Botvinnik ciyaaray laba boqol oo dhinacyada.

Gudbinta horyaalka kasta oo kale oo

Hormarey Mikhail Botvinnik, Maks Eyve - shanaad World Chess Champion. Halkii uu ku dhashay waa Amsterdam. In muddo afar sano ah, wiilka noqday xiiso chess. At da'da toban, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka qayb tartamada. Oo 1935, Max Euwe waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee horyaalka chess dunida.

Title waxaa si maray, sidaas si la hadasho, ka GM Aleksandra Alehina dhaxlay. ciyaaryahan chess Soviet, waayo, wakhti dheer si kalsooni leh u heysatay ciyaartoyda kale. horyaalka ee horyaalka chess dunida Alekhine helay ka dib markii koobkaan laga badin tubbo Raulem Capablanca 1927. Marka horyaalka ah ayaa laga badiyay. Tani waxay dhacday 1935 ciyaar ay la Maksom Eyve. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah ka dib markii horyaalka bogsatay. Grandmaster Soviet waa qofka keliya ee taariikhda isboortiga, kuwaas oo ku dhintay dhigin.

"Turk The"

In 1888, uu ku dhashay ee Havana Jose Raul Capablanca-iyo-Graupera. waxaa loo yaqaan "The Turk" taariikhda chess. Sidaas Capablanca baaqay in maqnaanshaha qaladaad inta lagu jiro labada dhinac. horyaalka champion Cuba ku guuleystay in 1921. Oo uu soo horjeeda ahaa Emanuel Lasker. Capablanca loolan Grandmaster qudbad dheer ka dhacay ka hor inta uusan koobka aduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Lasker weli ku heshiin karin in ay la da'yar ah ciyaaro. Kalsooni ku guul, oo midba midka kale ka dib markii eryadeen Jose Raul, halka 1927 ma aysan soo wac kulanka Aleksandr Alehin. Markaas taajkii taliyaha chess dunida bedelay ninkii neefka lahaa. Waxay noqday hooyo ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Psychology iyo ciyaarta

Second World Chess Champion - Emanuel Lasker. Wuxuu ku dhashay 1868 in Germany. Waxa uu leeyahay rikoor la yaab leh in dunida chess ah: horyaalka German league iska labaatan toddoba sannadood. Tani waxa ay marna ka dhacay ee taariikhda Isboortiga. saynisyahano badan oo wac Lasker "horyaal" berrinkii hab nafsi ah si farsamo ee chess. In 1894 at Championship Adduunka ee guushii ugu horeysay New York Emanuel ee. Wuxuu waxaa lagu abaal horyaalka ee horyaalka. Waxa uu si guul ilaa sameeyaa in 68 sano.
In 1836, waxa uu ku dhashay Prague Vilgelm Steynits - Kooxda heysata horyaalka ugu horeysay chess dunida. waxbaristiisa saameyn wayn ku saabsan horumarinta dheeraad ah guul taariikhda oo dhan chess. Horyaalka adduunka ee la siiyey Steinitz ee da'da ah halkii baaluq. Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa konton sano jir.