Cosmonaut Soviet A. A. Leonov: Biography, sawiro

Cosmonautics Ruush ogyahay tiro badan oo ah dad magac. Laakiin iyaga ka mid ah waa Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. First of dhan, uu la og yahay in ay qofka ugu horeeya oo aan ka cabsaday si ay u tagaan meel dibadda ah. Tani cosmonaut caan ah iyo Leonov. Biography of this shaqsiyad fiican u noqon doonaa mawduuca of our dood.

Dhalashada iyo carruurnimada

In gobolka Kemerovo ah, dhulka oo markaas iska lahaa qarkeeda West-Siberian, ku dhashay of cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Taariikhda dhalashada - May 30, 1934. Waalidkiis, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov iyo Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, marka laga reebo yar Alyosha a kiciyey toddoba carruur kale.

Marka Alex ahaa saddex jir ah, qoyskiisa ayaa la soo tarxiilay. Aabaha u tageen inay xarunta dadka lagu haayo, iyo hooyooyinka iyo ilmaha ayaa lagu qasbay in ay u guuraan Kemerovo, sida ay guriga waxaa dhab ahaan la siiyey in ay dhacaan. Laakiin laba sano ka dib uu aabihiis ka dayactirey.

In Kemerovo A. A. Leonov galay dugsiga, laakiin 1947 qoyska, oo xidhiidh la leh isbeddelka ee goobta shaqada ee masuul ka ah, ayaa lagu qasbay in ay u guuraan Kaliningrad. Waa in magaaladan reer cir mustaqbalka weyn helay uuna waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare.

Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, A. A. Leonov uu ku riyoon jiray xirfadiisa ciidan, sidaas ka dib markii la helo shahaadada dugsiga sare (1953) soo galay Aviation School Military ah, oo uu si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay sannadkii 1955. Laba sano ka dib ayuu ka soo School of profile dhiganta qalin.

horumarinta Space

Dhanka kale, qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 50s iyo 60s XX waa markii ugu of degdeg ah horumarinta meel bannaan. In 1957, ee satellite macmal ah Earth la bilaabay by Midowga Soofiyeeti. eey Laika - In isla sannaddaas diyaarad ugu horeysay uun nool lagu riday falagiisuu. All ku sii adkeeyeen waa su'aasha ku saabsan suurtagalnimada of duulaya bannaan ee aadanaha.

In 1960, Air Force Soofiyeeti dhigay doorashada ee kooxda koowaad ee cir, kaas oo ka mid ahaa 20 duuliye-fiican u tababaran. Waxaa ka mid ah xubno ka tirsan kooxda this sameeyay shaqaale ee ugu horeysay guutadii meel Soviet. In this ugu mudan kalimadaas chelna labaatan hit iyo A. A. Leonov. oo isaga mooyaane, xulka ahaa Jarmal Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev iyo duuliyayaasha kale oo badan oo caan ah. sharaf The noqdo cosmonaut ugu horeysay ee Yuri Gagarin la siiyey. Bishii Abriil 1961, pride ah "Vostok-1", wuxuu ka dhigay horyaalka ugu horeysay orbital.

From 1961 si 1964, diyaarad meel dhigay iyo Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky iyo Komarov. markabka The of Vladimir Komarov, kuwaas oo u duulay ee October 1964, in lagu daro taliyaha, ka koobnayd laba qof oo dheeraad ah. fursad noocan oo kale ah ayaa la siiyaa nooc cusub oo ah multi-pride "Voskhod", kaas oo bedelay taxanaha "East".

Sugitaanka markoodii in cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Photo isaga iyo Yuriem Gagarinym la la kor ku arki karaa.

Duulimaadka taariikhi ah

The duulaan cusub oo meel waxaa lagu qorsheeyey bartamihii bishii March 1965. Waxay ka koobnayd laba qof. Waxaa loo magacaabay Taliyaha Pavel Belyaev iyo pilot - A. A. Leonov. Howlgalka ahaa inuu ka dhaco pride ah multiseater "Voskhod-2", taas oo, marka la barbardhigo version ugu horeysay ee wax laga badalay.

Markii hore, hawsha duulaan ay ahayd in hirgelinta spacewalks aadanaha, iyo waxa loo arkaa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka Soviet dayaxa.

"Voskhod-2" la Belyaev iyo Leonov on board la bilaabay on March 18, 1965.

In meel bannaan oo u furan

Ka dib markii pride ka tegey oo wuxuu galay falagiisuu, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay fuliyaan ujeedada ugu weyn ee horyaalka - spacewalk ah. Hawsha waxa ay ahayd in go'aan A. A. Leonov. cir The isla markiiba dhaqaaqay qolkii qufulka, ka dib markii taas Taliyaha markabka qol xiran oo bilaabay in ay depressurization. Markaas Alexei Arkhipovich tagay airlock iyo casilay ka soo galay meel bannaan. Waa fal ah ee dunida oo dhan ayaa noqday A. yaqaan A. Leonov (cir). Photo uu joogo meel bannaan oo u furan hoos ku yaal.

Waa in la ogaadaa in marka dibadda pride ah Alexei Arkhipovich dhibaato ka dareemay ciyaarta: heerkulka jidhkiisa kacay, waxay bilaabeen dhidid, garaaca wadnaha oo kordhay iyo heerka neefsashada. In cir meel dibadda ah ku qaatay laba iyo toban daqiiqo ka badan.

Noqo pride ay sabab u ahayd dhibaato qaar ka mid ah. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in suud meel bannaan oo si xun oo barara, Leonov ahayd adag tahay in dib airlock heli. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu - xadgudub ku ah tilmaamaha - lahaa in tuujin iyada oo madaxa galay oo uu gacmaha weeraryahanka.

degtey

pride caga oo sidoo kale ay la socdaan qaar ka mid ah dhacdo aan la filayn. Waxay noqotay in la fuliyaa si toos ah, ka dib markii markab ka dhigi doonaa 17 markooda agagaarka kastana falagiisuu dhex ah. Laakiin qalabka ayaa malfunctioned. Sidaa darteed, "ayuu qorrax-2" waa in la dhigaa hab buuga ka dib markii 18 markooda.

caga meel ay ahayd meel taiga ee gobolka Perm ah. Xisbiga Samatabbixinta aysan awoodin in ay heli pride ah oo kaliya maalintii labaad. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in sababta oo ah fashilaad in degtey qalabaynta ka dhacay meel qorsheynin.

cir dheeraad ah mustaqbalkiisa

Ka dib markii ay galeen horyaalka taariikhi ah, la cayrsho sii daayo guul aadanaha ugu horeeyay ee meel, Alexei Leonov waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Wuxuu waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee Soviet - ka "Gold Star" iyo Order of Lenin.

Ka dib markii in iyo ilaa 1969 loo dhan yahay Leonov ka qeyb qaatay barnaamijka Soviet dayaxa. Laakiin ka dib markii caga Americans ku dayaxa waxaa la joojinayaa soo baxay sidii Midowga Soofiyeeti laga badiyay horyaalka Maraykanka ee "tartanka Labiyo". Haddaba, Earth ee satellite dabiici ah ma aha oo xiiso gaar ah in Cosmonautics Ruush. Inkasta oo hal mar waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay tahay in ay noqdaan nin Leonov marka hore ku degay dayaxa.

Wakhtigan, mar shaqada Alex Arkhipovich bartay ee Academy Ciidamada Cirka ee dhinaca injineernimada.

In 1975, Leonov dhigay diyaarad meel labaad. Markan waxa uu ahaa kuwaas oo ahaa taliyaha markabka, kaas oo, marka laga reebo isaga, galay V.Kubasov. duulimaadka waxaa loo sameeyey diyaarad "Soyuz-19" oo socday in ka badan shan maalmood. Inta lagu guda jiro duulaan this, uu mar kale abaal Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee.

Bishii Janaayo 1982-kii wada sorokasemiletny Leonov la duuliyayaasha kale ee uu jiilka ka tagay kooxda ee cir. Ugu horayn, oo intaasu waxay ahayd sabab u ah isagoo da '. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sii waday ilaa 1991 in mashquulin jagada ku xigeenka. Head of CPC ah. In 1991 wuxuu ka fariistay la darajo ah Major General.

Hawlaha on hawlgabka

Laakiin ma aha in qofka noocan oo kale ah waxaa Alexey Arkhipovich oo weli ku jira hawlgabka. In 1992 wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey shirkadda, ku hawlan horumarinta barnaamijyada bannaan. Waxaa intaa dheer, isagu waa taliyaha rasmi ah u Board of Directors xubin ka ah mid ka mid ah bangiyada ugu wayn Ruush.

Alekseya Arhipovicha hiwaayad ugu weyn waxaa hadda la rinjiyaynta. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa la aqoonsaday by xirfadlayaasha. Leonov la shuraakowday artist A. Sokolov, kaasoo uu kula soo ayaa wada qoray taxane ah oo stamps boostada.

Ma aha xisbi u Alexei Arkhipovich iyo siyaasadda. Waxa uu hadda ka tirsan yahay Golaha Sare ee ururka xisbiga "United Russia" ayuu. On dhalashadiisa 75aad uu si shakhsi ah u hambalyeeyay Dmitry Medvedev mar soo noqday madaxweynaha of Russia.

qoyska

Alekseya Leonova naagtiisii Svetlana Pavlovna waa Dotsenko, ku dhashay 1940. In la soo dhaafay, ayay ka shaqeeyeen sidii editor ah guriga daabacaadda ee CPC ah, iyo waxa ay hadda ka fariistay.

In guurka waxay lahaayeen laba gabdhood - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) Oo Oksana. Laakiin Victoria, kaas oo shaqayn Jaamacadda State "Sovfraht" ah, ayaa ku dhintay 1996 oo sabab u ah hepatitis leh dhibaatooyinka neefsiga. Oksana ayaa hadda ka shaqeeya turjumaan.

qiimaynta shakhsiyadda

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan ka bartay oo ku saabsan sida qofku shakhsiyadiisu si fiican taariikhda A. sida A. Leonov (cir). Uu Biography ahayd arrin niyad jabinaya, da'da hore uu soo wajahay cadaadis Stalin, iyo fariistay oo la kulmay qadhaadhka khasaaraha gabadheeda.

Laakiin, inkastoo oo dhan shilalka kediska iyo caqabadaha, Leonov ahaa awoodaan si ay u noqdaan mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaad ugu caansan ee Cosmonautics Soviet iyo dunida. Waxa uu ahaa oo lagu sharfay oo markii ugu horeysay si ay u tagaan meel dibadda ah. Fiirinayo waqtiga lahaa xulashada musharaxiinta, waa in aan aqoonsado in loo magacaabo shaqada noocaas ah waa qof ayaa si dhab ah tayada qofka gaar ah a. Iyo saxnimada doorashada this Alexei Arkhipovich cadaato in dhaqanka.

Inflexibility ee uu shaqada qof oo adag muujiyey Leonov ka dib hawlgabka, marka, halkii inuu ciyaaraha ka fariisto, ma joojin shaqo firfircoon iyo hawlaha bulshada.

Waa dad sida A. A. Leonov, Russia kuwa kibirsan.