Dayuurada side diyaarad: description iyo taariikhda ka mid ah

Dayuurada side diyaarad - waxaa unit cirka ah oo awood u leh inuu qaado diyaaradda dhowr yaryar oo loogu talogalay dagaalka hawada.

Fikradda ah Abuurkiisa kacay wax yar kadib markii bilowga dhismaha iyo hawlgalka zeppelins, akhristaha more caanka ah sida blimps.

Abuuritaanka side cirka ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ganacsi oo rajo leh, sida u kordhiyaa waxtarka garoomada diyaaradaha dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la dhalashada of refuellers diyaaradaha, habkani badiyay habboonaanta, inkasta oo aan la gabi ahaanba ka bariyeelay ka xisaabaha.

Maxaa keena ah ee duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a

Xaaladan aaladaha cusub, habab waxaa mar walba la xiriira shuruudaha qaar ka mid ah bulshada. Sida aad ogtahay, in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ka qarxay, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo diyaarad military labada dhinac markii ugu horeysay dalbatay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu leeyahay tayada shaqo aad u yar yahay.

Xaqiiqada ah in caqabadaha in muddada on ciidammadii reer diyaaradda si ay u kala duwan oo aad u yar oo duulimaad ay sabab u tahay tirada yar ee shidaalka on board. Tani waxay si xun u xaddidaya adeegsiga diyaaradaha dagaalka, sida ay awoodaan in ay shaqeeyaan oo keliya ee aagga aad kaliga tahay. ka danbeeya khadadka cadowga ahaa ee uu gaadhi karo iyaga.

Baahida loo qabo in la wanaajiyo waxtarka diyaaradaha dagaalka ciidamada lagu qasbay in ay fiiro gaar ah u zeppelins - blimps la qolof biraha. unugyada hawada kuwaas lahaa size a quruxsan cajiib ah iyo suurtagalnimada of duulaya fog. Tani waxay sababtay fikradda ah u dhaqaaqin ay diyaaradaha isticmaalaya long-distance qoto dheer galay territory cadowga si ay u fuliyaan weerar cirka ah ku bartilmaameed istiraatiiji ah. Sidaas waxaa jiray duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a. Laakiin waxaa in la xuso in dal kasta wuxuu leeyahay hab gaar ah si ay u xaqiijinta fikrad this. Ma ahan mar walba sidan keentay in xal wanaagsan.

USS airship. waayo-aragnimo ugu horeysay

diiradda u horreysa ee abuurista duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a ahaa in this isticmaalaan sida Saiarrada, kuwaas oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo in dagaalada hubaysan, ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

Diyaaradda ayaa waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay version ugu habboon ee soo socda: a biplane waxaa dhajinta on board Zeppelin ah, oo waxay u dhiibeen in goob dagaal.

Ka dib markii in, diyaaradda waxaa laga soo saaray wiish iyo dillaacaan airship gaar ah goostay. Waxaas oo dhan wuxuu ahaa dhacaya buuxa xambaara dayuuradaha xawaaraha. Dheeraad ah oo lagu qabtay biplane duulimaadka Solo.

Ka dib markii diyaaradaha dagaalka howlgalka ku soo laabtay Zeppelin sii wadaan in ay ku ordi doonaa goob dagaal, xawaare buuxda, waxaan u iishay isaga u jillaab wiish iyo guratay. Dheeraad ah xambaara dayuuradaha hawada si Airporka ku soo laabtay.

Dhamaadkii 1918, blimp-1 American ayaa u duulay diyaaradda, "Curtiss JN4", ku lifaaqan hoos gondola ah. Ka dib kor u biplane uu ahaa furaa oo madax banaan sii horyaalka.

In Mareykanka, ka dib dhisay laba ugu weyn ee taariikhda duulista airship "Macon" iyo "Akron", kaas oo lahaa dherer ah 239 m oo ahaa awood u waday ilaa afar ka tirsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la'aanta ah ee waayo-aragnimo ah ee dhismaha noocan oo kale ah zeppelins lahaa saamayn taban ku leh mustaqbalka, oo labada "aviamatki" burburtay ay sabab u tahay design saboolka ah.

Beddelidda fikirka ah sidayaal hawada

Khibrad isticmaalka airship sida duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a tilmaamay gudeed ee habkani. Gaar ahaan libirtay xiiso isaga in ka dib markii ay musiibo ee Zeppelin ee dunida ugu weyn "Hindenburg". airship la hydrogen buuxiyeen si deg deg ah lagu gubay, ay ku dhinteen in ka badan saddex darsin oo rakaab iyo shaqaale ah.

Sidoo kale, khasaare weyn oo side diyaarad, airship ahaa ay u nugul in diyaaradaha cadowgu. muuqaalka kore ee diyaaradaha cadowga ee degaanka helo side diyaaradda, "cufan" la hydrogen, waxaa loogu tala galay in burburinta lama huraan.

Sidaa darteed, in dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka British ah ayaa isku dayay in la abuuro diyaarad kooban, sida diyaarad siday dagaalka ah. Sida sida side diyaaradaha British loogu tala galay in la isticmaalo doon oo duulaya, qamaar dagaalka iyada top.

Fikradda, dabcan, waxay ahayd wanaagsan, laakiin ay adag tahay in la hirgeliyo. Sidaa darteed, duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a qaab diyaarad kooban oo aan la abuuray by samaynta diyaaradaha British. Laakiin waayo-aragnimo u qadhaadh ayaa joojiyay diyaarad saarayaasha Ruush shisheeye.

Fikradda ah diyaaradaha VS Vahmistrova

Vladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - graduate ka mid ah Academy Ciidamada Cirka. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta waxa uu ka shaqeeyay machadka cilmi-baarista iyo imtixaanka duulista. derbiyadeeda gudahood, oo waxaa u muuqday at fikradda ah la isticmaalayo constructor sida TB-1 "aviamatki" Qarax oo mataano-engine, abuuray by naqshadeeye caan Tupolev.

Vladimir Sergeyevich bixiyey si uu u xaliyo laba baal dagaalka ee TB-1 handarraabbadeedii gaar ah.

Xaaladdan oo kale, diyaaradda loo isticmaalay ilaalinta diyaaradaha qarxiyay cadowga.

Waxaa sidoo kale la qorsheeyay in ka dib markii qarax oo ka mid ah TB-1 goobaha dagaalyahanada cadowga iyo Airporka ku soo laabtay kasta si madax-bannaan.

Hirgelinta fikradda Vahmistrova

Bartamihii 1931-Taliska Sare ee Soviet ansixiyey qorshe VS Vahmistrova, ku dooday in hawada xambaara dayuuradaha - waa hub halis ah.

Koox ka mid ah samaynta dhallinyarada bilaabin culus ka shaqeeya abuurista side diyaaradaha caynkiisa, ama sida ka dibna waxa la odhan jiray, heerka diyaarad-ka. Dhamaadkii 1931 duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a Vahmistrova ahaa diyaar u ah imtixaanka. Qabtaan Daqsi horeysay baray duuliye ugu khibrad waqtiga, kuwaas Adam Zalewski (shaqaalaha qarxiyay Taliyaha), Andrey Sharapov (copilot BT-1), Valery Tchkalov iyo Aleksandru Anisimovu (duuliye dagaal, baalal qarxiyay on lifaaqyadu).

"Rogadka Vahmistrova"

Sidaas yeedhay duulimaadyo tijaabo ah xambaara dayuuradaha Soviet ugu horeysay. Xaqiiqada ah in duulimaadyada waxaa inta badan la socda xaaladaha aan caadi ahayn.

Tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro duulimaad ugu horeysay, la'aanta shaqaale qarxiyay isuduwidda iyo pilot dagaalka Chkalov ayaa loogu tala galay in Zalewski furay dagaalka ee hore qamaar handarraabbadeedii markii la xiray tiir ka mid ah ay birta. Kaliya aragnimo Chkalov ayaa ka badbaadiyay musiibada.

Xaaladda A la mid ah ka dhacay dagaal la V. Kokkinaki: uusan furi marsho degtey oo dabada ku dhegay timahayga. Halkan xaaladdu waa la badbaadiyey by Taliyaha qarxiyay Stefanovsky ah, go'aansaday inuu la fariisto Halyeeyaashii on baalasheeda. All si wanaagsan ku dhamaaday.

dhiiri guul

The duulimaadyo tijaabo ugu horeysay waxay muujiyeen in duulaya sidayaal diyaaradaha Soviet istaahilaan horumarinta dheeraad ah.

In meel of qarxiyay TB-1 waa TB-3 awood badan waxaa la abuuray, taas oo noqon karta side diyaarad for dagaal cusub Polikarpov I-5. Isla mar ahaantaana fursad ah in la kordhiyo tirada dagaalyahanada qaadi karo ilaa saddex - laba baal oo mid sooctey.

isku day Vahmistrova waxaa loo sameeyey si loo sugo Halyeeyaashii baalasheeda TB-3 hoostiisa, laakiin waxa ay ku dhamaatay geeridii pilot dagaalka ah. Sababta shilka mar kale noqday qufulka diyaaradaha lifaaqa on "aviamatke" lama furo si ay hawada, laakiin lama filaan ah waxey imaneysaa marka caga.

In 1935, Soviet duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha ahaa awood u qaado in ka badan shan ka tirsan, iyadoo mid ka mid ah (I-Z) ee waxaa ku xiran in ka "aviamatkoy" hawada.

In 1938, duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a, ayaa waxaa ay qaateen ciidamada Cas.

The sidayaal hawada ugu caansan

Waxaa la og yahay duulaya shan sidayaal diyaaradaha, oo waxaa naga hadhay wax raad ah ee taariikhda duulista - TB-1 Soviet, Tupolev Tu-95N, diyaaradaha American Convair B-36 Wanaajiya, Boeing B-29 Superfortress iyo airship "Akron".

TB-1 Soviet waa qarxiyay monoplane serial-birta ugu horeysay adduunka ee, waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida side diyaaradaha iftiinka. Baabtiiska ee xambaara dayuuradaha dab helay July 26, 1941, markii la kaashanayo dagaal-qarax, ugu dambeyntii "helay" saliidda Jarmal ee Constanta kaydinta.

The "duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha" Homeland Vahmistrova ma illoobo. In 1955, Midowga Soofiyeeti bilaabay shaqo on abuurista nidaam lama filaan ah istiraatiiji ah, oo ay ku jiraan PC iyo supersonic xambaara dayuuradaha qarxiyay Tu-95N.

Waxaa loo maleeyey in PC la qayb ahaan ku yaalla doonaa qabtay xamuul ah side diyaarad ah. Nidaamka loo moodayay si loo hubiyo in ay guuldarada of ujeeddooyinka aan galaya tallaabada hawada cadowga zone difaaca iyo soo laabto garoonka diyaaradaha.

American Convair B-36 Wanaajiya uu ku lug lahaa la abuuro nidaam daboolka qarax culus, taas oo uu bixiyo gaadiidka ee ilaa afar nooc iftiin Xarakada McDonnell XF-85 Goblin.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay kakanaanta ee B-36 mashruuc dagaalka tabaneeyo la joojiyay sannadkii 1949. Intaa waxaa dheer, Air Force Maraykanka tixgeliyo iskuulka lagtiisa oo been-diirada saaray qarxiyay ay dhacdo of diyaaradaha cadowga weerar, ka waxtar badan cover dagaal dagaalka.

Boeing B-29, 40eeyaha shaqeeyo, la siiyaa sita laba ka tirsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maroojin awood on darafyadiisa oo baal ah ayaa keentay in musiibo, mashruuca B-29 ayaa la xidhay, iyo fikradda la aqoonsaday khatar ah.

airship American USS Akron 30meeyada iska lahaa mid ka mid ah dunida ugu weyn Zeppelin. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay qaadaan ilaa shan diyaaradood oo hadafkeedu ahaa sahan.

Dayuurada sidayaal diyaaradaha ee mustaqbalka

duulaya sidayaal diyaaradaha Maraykanka iyo Soviet, u eegis lagu sameeyo kaas oo sare lagaa siin, nasiib wanaag, aan weli tusaale ka mid ah dagaalka loo isticmaalo, marka laga reebo howlgalka in la burburiyo goobaha lagu keydiyo shidaalka ku jira Constanta inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikradda ah duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha a weli ka taliso maskaxda samaynta.

Tusaale ahaan, muddo dheer qorsheyneysa The Difaaca Research Jobs USA (DARPA) ayaa bilaabay barnaamij ah "Gremlins" on horumarinta diyaaradaha aan qofna wadin, oo awood u leh ka side diyaarad iska, iyo inuu ku soo laabto kooxdiisa.