Dhismaha warshadda nukliyeerka Bushehr ee Iran

warshadda nukliyeerka Bushehr - ugu horeysay oo kaliya in ay taariikhda maalinta ugu qaaradda saldhigga awoodda Iran iyo Bariga Dhexe oo dhan, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow magaalada Bushehr. Dhismaha mashruuca ayaa sababay tiro ka mid ah cabashooyinka in Iran laga soo saaray dalalka kale, laakiin xilligaan la joogo mashruuca warshadda tamarta nukliyarka ayaa guul u soo dhammaystay iyo geedka awood laftiisa wakiishay.

History of abuurka

Foundation for mustaqbalka warshadda nukliyeerka waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 1975, laakiin ka dib markii a halka dhismaha warshadda nukliyeerka Bushehr ayaa la xayiray. Kaliya lix iyo afartan sano ka dib, waxa uu sii waday.

Heshiiska on dhismaha la saxeexay u dhexeeya Iran iyo Germany mid ka mid ah xafiisyada shirkadda ee Siemens. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii hordhaca ah ee maamulka Maraykanka ee cunaqabatayn Iran, galbeedka Germany si buuxda u taageeray xulafadeeda oo si deg deg ah u soo jeestay oo dhan aad shaqada bilawday dhismaha saldhigga.

Ka dib markii u saxiixay heshiiska iskaashiga iyo isticmaalka tamarta nukliyarka ujeedooyin nabad u dhexeeya Ruushka iyo Iran sanadkii 1992, shuqulka dhismaha qabtey by takhasus Ruush ah. qandaraaslayaasha Iran oo taageero ka saynisyahano Ruush iyo xirfadlayaasha rakibo xirfad tacliin heer sare loo ogol yahay si ay u diyaariyaan saldhigga in la bilaabay sanadkii 2007. Isla mar ahaantaana u dhaxeeya heshiis cusub la saxiixay by labada dal, waqtigan la siin muddo dheer shidaalka dhirta nukliyeerka ee Novosibirsk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay olole caalami ah oo dhibaatooyin dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed warshad nukliyeerka Bushehr waxaa loo mar kale dib loo dhigay.

Ugu dambeyntii, 2009, warshadda nukliyeerka awood loo dhiibay oo ay ku raran yihiin xaddiga loo baahan yahay ee shidaalka iyo nuclear-ka bilaabay si uu u hubiyo ammaanka hawlgalka.

Daah ee warshadda nukliyeerka Bushehr

baaritaan xad-dhaaf ah xagaaga soo daahay ee 2012 ka dib markii uu yimid heerka ugu dambeeya ee awood u warshad nukliyeerka. Markaas nuclear-ka waxaa lagu riday 100% ansixinta mashruuca awood. Laakiin bilowgii saldhigga shaqada ma jiro unu ay:

• saddex bilood ka dib bilowgii NPP la joojiyay oo xidhiidh la leh hit a qaybaha bamka nuclear,
• shil bishii Febraayo 2013 joojiyay howlaha nuclear-ka ay sabab u tahay qalad ah ee samaysa marawaxadaha matoorka, laakiin by June geedka Bushehr nukliyeerka ayaa mar kale ku shaqeeya.

taasoo la micno ah NPP

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka sanadkii 2006, Iran baabbi'iyey xaddi caddaalad ah oo waaweyn oo koronto ah - 136,2 bilyan oo kw / h, halka saara 170 bilyan oo kilowatt / saacad ..

Inta badan oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka tamarta ee Iran (93%) lagu qaaday warshad ordaya on alaabta gaaska iyo saliidda. The haray 7% - waa tiro ka mid ah dhirta korontada. Hababka kale ee soo saara koronto (alternative) sida ee 2006 dalka ka Maqnayn.

Maaddaama ay la'aanta awood for baaraandegidda waxyaabaha saliid Iran in uu keeno tamar ka maqan tiro badan. Gaar ahaan ba'an dhibaato oo intaasu waxay ahayd sanadkii 2007, markii ay sabab u tahay la'aanta awoodda dalka xitaa soo bandhigay xadaysan on sahayda shidaalka shakhsiyaadka. Si aad u taariikhda, dowladda gobolka ayaa sameeyay barnaamij si loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka ee korontada, si hordhac shuqulkii dhowr cutub awoodda nuclear caawin doonaa si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada awood yaraanta mar oo dhan.

Advocates iyo soo horjeeda ee dhismaha warshad tamarta nukliyarka

Against dhismaha iyo furitanka ee nuclear-nuclear hore u dhaqmeen iyo taag fog Israa'iil iyo Mareykanka. sheegashada ugu weyn ee dawladaha dalalkaas waa in Iran ma aha oo gebi run marka la eego bulshada caalamka oo diyaar in la isticmaalo tamarta nukliyeerka ujeedooyin milatari. Gaar ahaan, waayo, hordhaca ah ee hubka nuclear waaxda difaaca gobolka ah.

Shaki ka kacay xaqiiqda ah in Iran waa bilowga dhismaha waxaa aan ku lug Heshiiska caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan Ammaanka nukliyeerka. In xidhiidh la leh, kuwaas oo sheegashooyinka ilaa 2000 saxafiyiinta inta badan kor arrinta ah hawlgalka mileteri suurto gal ka dhan ah Iran, ciidamada United States.

The unit awood labaad

Iyadoo dhismaha warshad koronto ka Bushehr nuclear Russia ayaa laftiisa cadeeyay sida qandaraasle mas'uul ka badan oo tababar heer-sare ah oo khaas ah, kuwaas oo si guul leh loo isticmaalay qalabka Western iibsaday ka yar 1975 dhismaha fashilmay.

Tartanka suuqa ee tamarta nukliyeerka Russia ku guuleystay in ay arrimaha sare dhaqaalaha, amniga iyo isku halaynta of xal farsamo iyo fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan credit mahad. Kuwanu waa sababaha ugu muhiimsan Dowladda Iran waxay ku waddaa inay la shaqeeyaan Russia wajiga dhismaha qaybta labaad ee geedka ka.

November 2014 arkay saxiixa heshiis ka dhexeeya wadamada ku saabsan dhismaha khadka nuclear-labaad. Sida laga soo xigtay madaxa Energy Ururka Atoomikada ee Iran, Ali Akbar Salehi, warshadan cusub ogolaan doono gobolka si loo badbaadiyo oo ku saabsan 11 foosto oo batrool ah sanadkiiba. Waayo, unit nuclear labaadna wuxuu ahaa biloowga bisha September 2016.

maalin maanta

Dhismaha maanta Bushehr NPP-2 ee Iran waa marxalad ka mid ah horumarka iyo ansixinta dhammaan dukumentiyada lagama maarmaanka u ah mashruuca. More dhawaan - September 10, 2016 - Dhismaha ay gaareen heer cusub. isla maalintaas, si ay iskaashi ee labada dal mahad aasaaskii ku dhigay for unit labaad ee warshadda nukliyeerka ee Bushehr. Photos ka dhacdo uu ku faafay adduunka oo dhan. "Rosatom" mar hore ayaa laftiisa ka go'an in ay horumariyaan this mashruuca, iyo sidoo kale qaybta saddexaad ee warshadda. taariikhda Dhameystirka waraaqo mashruuca horumariyo - bilowga xagaaga 2019. horumarinta kharash 1,78 billion rubles.

Tigoodu rakibay on unit labaad iyo saddexaad ee warshadda waa in la waafajiyaa dhammaan shuruudaha ammaanka ee hadda. Sidaa darteed, samaynta ku yeelatay a dhirta teknoolojiyad sare oo casri ah, taas oo ay tixgeliyaan aragnimo sameeysa caalamiga ah ee u ururay. Sida laga soo xigtay in mashruuca lagu fulin doono in ka badan toban sano waraaqo hadda. Daah-ugu horeysay oo hordhac u Bushehr awoodda nuclear warshad-2 in la qabto xilliga dayrta 2024, iyo baaritaanka iyo guddoominta ee Bushehr-3 ayaa la qorsheeyay guga ee 2026.

xaqiiqooyin muhiim ah

maanta tamarta Nuclear ogolaanaya dal kasta kuma xirna gaas iyo saliid. Plant inaydaan nijaasayn doonaa deegaanka, isticmaalka shidaalka hoose iyo Saasaannu awoodda sare. Faa'iida ugu weyn ee oo dhan dhirta nukliyeerka waa cawaaqib xun shilalka, xataa ay jaaniska hooseeyo.

Intaa waxaa dheer, maanta nukliyeerka bixisaa dal kasta ee isku halaynta nidaamka awoodda, oo qarni nukliyeerka - foomka ugu fiicaan deegaanka ee korontada ka dib markii ilo kale oo la isticmaalayo tamarta dabaysha, sida shidaalka, qorraxda, iyo kuwa kale. Production korontada loo adeegsado tamarta nukliyarka qaali ah, jidaynayey dal kasta si ay u iibiyaan badeecada ay la faa'iidooyinka aad u fiican. Intaa waxaa dheer, awood u ogolaan dal kasta si loo badbaadiyo kaydka khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida methane, saliid iyo kuwa kale.

Sida Kor Bushehr, aasaasay ee block saddexaad ee aasaaska ah waa in la ogaaday by 2018, iyo mashaariic muddo dheer ku lug dhismaha siddeed cutub oo Quwadda Nuclearka.