-Xawaaraha sare ee Railway ka Moscow si Beijing, dhismaha, nidaamka, design iyo meesha on map-ka

Soon tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee Moscow-Beijing link labada dal, Shiinaha iyo Russia. Qiimaha hordhaca ah ee mashruuca oo u dhiganta 1.5 trillion yuan, ama 242 bilyan oo doolar. Dhererka guud ee wadada waa loo siman yahay ilaa 7 Bude oo kun oo kiiloomitir. Waqtiga safarka ka hal dhibic si ay kale oo ay noqon doontaa 2 maalmood, iyo wadada laftiisa waa la dhigi doonaa dalka reer Kazakhstan.

waqtiga ugu yar ee wadada

Maanta, Shiinaha si firfircoon oo bixiya teknoolajiyada ay cusub ee dhismaha waddooyinka tareennada heer caalami ah. Mid ka mid ah mashaariicda, kuwaas oo waa in ay tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee ka Moscow si Beijing. Warkaan ayaa ku faafay adduunka oo dhan si dhakhso ah, gaar ahaan marka aad ka fiirsan xiriirka la qaboojiyey dhexeeya America, Europe iyo Russia oo kaashanaya colaadda bari ee Ukraine iyo isku day Ruush inuu ka soo kabsado burburka cajiib ah suuqa saliidda caalamiga ah. Bishii Oktoobar, 2014 dhexeeya Corporation "Chinese Tareennada» ah (China Railway Construction Corporation) iyo Wasaaradda Gaadiidka, Tareennada iyo Guddiga State ee Horumarinta Shiinaha iyo Guddiga Reform saxiixay Memorandum of Understanding berrinkii xadiidka xawaaraha sare. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee dokumentiga ahaa horumarinta mashruuca nooca-xawaaraha sare ee waddada gaadiidka Eurasian, kaas oo qaab-dhismeedka ka mid noqon doona jid weyn Moscow-Kazan.

Taariikhda fikradda

tareenka-xawaaraha sare line Moscow-Beijing ee heerka of fikradaha jireen waqti dheer ah. Mashruuca waa in ay ka duwan weyn kuwa aan rabin in ay u safraan by hawada. Transfer of fikradaha on heerka mashruuca hadda dhacay ka dhanka ah asalka ah ay hawshooda u ah iibsiga ee America, gaarsiinta oo waa la hubaa in ay ku takhasusay sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah. Mashruuca tareenka-xawaaraha sare waa inay bixiyaan dalalka sida Shiinaha iyo Ruushka istaahilaan tartan caalami ah. Sida kor ku xusan, sida uu sheegay wakiilkiisa of Tareennada, tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee ka Moscow si Beijing ku kici doonaa dalka at 7 trillion rubles. The wada-hawlgalayaasha Chinese diyaar u yihiin in ay maal-dhismaha wadada lacagta u dhiganta 4 trillion rubles, kharashyada kale oo dhan lagu qaado doona miisaaniyadda Ruush. wadaxaajoodka Active on qoondaynta dhaqaale dhismaha wadada maanta waxaa loo qabtaa on wadada Moscow-Kazan ee qaabka guud ee mashruuca caalamiga ah.

Maxaa jiidayo dhismaha wadada?

Muddada marka-xawaaraha sare ah wadada Moscow-Beijing dhisi doonaa, weli in yar loo yaqaan. Tan waxa u sabab go'aan muddada dheer ku saabsan maalgelinta. Marka la eego xaaladda in uu sameeyay maanta ee Russia, iyadoo ay jirto in Shiinaha uu diyaar u yahay in ay qaataan inta badan kharashka, dalka waa si fudud oo aan diyaar u ah in la joogteeyo noocan oo kale ah kharashka dhaqaale oo baaxad weyn. 3 trillion rubles maanta waa unsupportable caasimada gobolka. Waxaa suurta gal ah waa heer sare ah in maal-gaarka ah loo soo jiitay doonaa mashruuca.

dhinacyada farsamada iyo go'aamada hordhaca ah

Macluumaadka ay ka bixisay ka wariyeyaasha wargeyska Beijing The Times, ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan dood firfircoon ee dhismaha khadka tareenka ee u dhaxeeya labada dal. Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee ku wajahan hirgelinta mashruucan waa in uu ahaado hab ka Moscow si Kazan. Bilowgii wadada ayaa la qorsheeyey inuu ka dhisto Beijing, ka dibna wadada marayay magaalooyin sida Khabarovsk iyo Ulan Bator, Irkutsk iyo Astana Ekaterinburg idlaan doonaan. Ahaado final noqon doono Moscow. tareenka Ready-xawaaraha noqon doontaa saddex jeer ka sii dheer tahay maanta shaqeynaya track-xawaaraha sare ee u dhexeeya Beijing iyo Guangzhou. Waqtiga safarka ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka ka dib markii fulinta ee mashruuca ma noqon doonto lix maalmood, laakiin kaliya labo. Maanta, inta u dhaxaysa caasimadda ah ee labada dawladood, laba tareen bidayo todobaad oo kaliya. wadada waxaa la furay sanadkii 1954. Trans-Siberian Tareenka waxaa loo arkaa inay ugu dheer dunida. Waxaa fidiyey ka Moscow si Vladivostok. Waxaa gudbo 400 saldhigyada oo dhererkeeduna 9288 kilomitir.

The dhibaatooyin hore iyo tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee xagjirka ah

tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee Beijing-Moscow mustaqbalka dhow uma badna inay u yimaadaan wadada aad. Sida kor ku xusan, marxalada koowaad ee mashruuca, taas oo mustaqbalka ku xidhi doonaa dhulka labada dal waa in ay wadada ka Moscow si Kazan, kharashka hordhac ah taas oo ahayd mid aad u sareeya, waayo, Russia. Si aad u soo jiito maal, "Gazprombank" wadada show lahaa qiimaha guud ee 1.06 trillion rubles in magaalooyinka sida Beijing iyo Singapore, Hong Kong iyo Shanghai. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin hordhac ah, ayaa lagu qabtay taxane ah oo kulamo la-hawlgalayaasha iman kara adduunka oo dhan:

• May 14 - in Singapore.
• May 15 - Shanghai.
• May 16 - Beijing.

In mustaqbalka, waxaan loo arkaa booqashada wakiillo "Gazprom" bangiga ee Taipei, caasimadda ah ee Taiwan. Sida laga soo xigtay Tareennada Ruush ah, kulamo la maal-Asian qorsheeyey muddo dhawr bilood ah. Ka qayb iskaashiga xisaab East ay sabab u tahay cunaqabatayn adag ka West ah. In isgaarsiinta a oo taariikhdiisu tahay "Pronedra" waxa uu sheegay in xawaaraha sare ee wadada Moscow-Beijing ma la dhisi doono sanadaha soo socda. hirgelinta qaybta hore ee mashruuca, xadiidka xawaaraha sare ee u dhexeeya Moscow iyo Kazan, waxaana lagu kordhin karaa in sannadka 2020. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in Tareennada ee aan weli u suurtagashay in ay ka heli Maal ah.

Wejiga koowaad ee mashruuca

Wejiga koowaad ee mashruuca miisaaniyadda dawladda ee dalka iyo "Tareennada Ruush" damacsan in loo qoondeeyo 191,9 bilyan oo rubles. qaybaha kale ee wadada, sida Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Kazan, ayaa la qorsheeyey in lagu qalabeeyaa kharash dhimis. Waxaa lagu soo waramayaa by Wasaaradda Gaadiidka ee 29 January 2015. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee ku saabsan dadka degan mashruuca ee gobolka, taas oo wadada-xawaaraha sare ah la xaqiijiyay, waxaan bartay oo keliya in ay hore 2015. Jidka cusub waa la dhigi doonaa in jid federaalka barbar M-7, loo yaqaan "Volga". Halabuurka The dhigi doonaa stop ah. Gaar ahaan, saldhiga Vladimir laga dhisi doonaa at Sukhodol.

Maxaad samaynaysaan oo dadka deggan gobollada?

Tareenka-xawaaraha sare ee ka Moscow si Beijing on map ah in iyada oo ah qayb ku filan oo badan oo dhulalka mari doona, ayaa sababay dadka u leeyihiin in ay iyada la nooshahay xaafadda, dareen-celin aad u isku qasan. Ma faraxsan waxyeelada lagu eedeeyey, taas oo taabto beereed, kaymaha iyo Attam oo la aasaasay. Mas'uuliyiinta ayaa si rasmi ah shaaca ka qaaday in goob kasta oo ku saabsan taas oo dhismaha waa la fulin doonaa, dhammaan hawlaha la pre-isku raacay doonaa dadweynaha. Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu leeyahay in haddii aan maareeyo si aad u hesho sponsor ah, BCM la horey u furi doonaa sanadka 2018. xawaaraha ugu badan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa wadada u noqon doonaa 400 kiiloomitir saacaddiiba, taas oo hoos u dhigi doontaa jid ka Moscow si Kazan ka 11 saacadood si 3.5.

waajibaadka labada dhinac

-Xawaaraha sare ee Railway ka Moscow si Beijing, halkaas oo nidaamka aragti ahaan waa mid aad u soo jiidasho leh iyo faa'iido, sida uu qorshaha hordhaca ah, waa in ay bilaabaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan muddada u dhaxaysa 2018 ilaa sannadka 2020-th. In mustaqbalka, dhinaca Chinese fulisaa si ay u bixiyaan mashruuca ay technology. dalka uu diyaar u yahay in ay qaataan mas'uuliyad buuxda uga ah qorshaynta iyo dhismaha. In laabto gargaarka weyn, Shiinaha ayaa diyaar u ah in ay qaataan on tamarta Ruush.

Ilaa 15 December 2014 waxaa loo qorsheeyey in ay yeeshaan shuruudaha hoos shirkadaha Shiinaha ay awoodaan in ay ka qayb galaan mashruucan uu noqon doono. Warbixin ku saabsan sida si loo ogaado in la soo saaro heshiis sida dadweynaha ku qarsoon. Xaq u leeyahay in la qorsheeyo jid mashruuca Moscow-Kazan ku guuleystay dallad ay Ruush-Chinese ay gacanta ugu jiraan "Mostgiprotrans" qayb ka mid ah dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa ee "Nizhegorodmetroproekt" iyo CREEC (China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd.). Heshiiska Price for this category u dhiganta 20 bilyan oo rubles, laakiin marka laga reebo VAT.

Falanqeeyayaal Project

-Xawaaraha sare ee Railway ka Moscow si Beijing - mashruuca waa mid aad u rajo iyo mudnaan, laakiin ma aha mid looga hortago falanqeeyayaasha ahaayeen walaacsan. Waxay sheegeen in taariikhda la bilaabay of SCM ee macnaha guud ee 2018-2020 sano waa macquul ahayn. Sida laga soo xigtay Alexey Bezborodov, u adeegay sidii wakaalada CEO InfraNews, mashruuca sidoo kale ma awoodaan in ay u ordaan tobanka sano ee soo socda uu noqon doono. The eed dabeecad oo intaasu waxay ahayd war rasmi ah oo wakiil oo ka mid ah wadada tareenka Ruush in la joogo qorshe hawlgal oo la taaban karo, waayo, dhismaha xadiid xawaare sare uusan weli ka jirin. Waxaa jira oo keliya itimaalka sare oo wadada ka Moscow si Kazan mustaqbalka la kordhin doonaa si Ekaterinburg iyo.

Yaa ka faa'iideysan doona dhismaha expressway ah?

Highway Moscow-Beijing oo keliya ma aha, waayo, Tareennada Ruush, laakiin sidoo kale Mareykanka ka keeni doonaa faa'iidooyinka qaarkood oo dhan. Tan waxa u sabab agglomeration saamaynta in kici doonaa sida dib u dejinta dadka mashruuca ka. The line-xawaaraha sare ee muddada la filayaa waa in la kordhay 30-70% of GRP gobollada. dakhli dheeraad ah ka wadada kulmi doono oo aan ka yarayn 11 trillion rubles sida ugu horreysa ee tobanka sano ee hore ee hawlgalka ee mashruuca. Tiradan waxaa la soo bandhigay by group of hay'adaha dhaqaalaha, madax u ah Wasaaradda Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha. Haddii SCM weli muuqdaan oo kaliya on dhulka ee gobolka Vladimir ee GRP kordhay 38%. Waxay ku saabsan tahay 84 billion rubles oo lagu daray. By 2030, tiradaasi kor u qaadi doonta in ay 58%, ama marka la eego lacag ah - in ay 131 bilyan oo rubles. In gobolka Nizhny Novgorod rajaynayo in kobaca dhaqaalaha ee 39%, ama 252 billion rubles, laakiin by 2030 waa in ay gaaraan ugu yaraan 76%, ama 496 billion. Chuvashia la filayaa in ay kor u qiimaha 13% ama 20 billion rubles. By 2025, boodi uu noqon doono 28%, ama 43 billion rubles. Tatarstan ee 2025 la filayaa koritaanka dhaqaalaha waxa uu noqon doonaa siman 27%, ama 274 billion rubles.