Dimethyl ether - shidaalka casriga ah, waayo, matoorada naaftada

Esters ah - taagayo of alcohols, taagoo ah kuwaas oo la eb hydrogen ah oo ka tirsan kooxda OH la bedelay on carbon a xagjirka ah. Waayo, metamerism Ester caadiga ah iyo silsilad hydrocarbon isomerism.

silsilad hydrocarbon isomerism waa ay sabab u branching.

Metamerism - nooca isomerism kaas oo laba ama ka badan esters leedahay formula la mid ah kelli, laakiin qaab-dhismeedka kelli kala duwan sababo la xiriira xag kala duwan labada dhinac ee "buundada" oxygen ah. Tusaale ahaan, caanaha kelli u dhiganta saddex Ester S4N10O:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

Waxyaabahani waxaa loo diyaariyey synthetically, oo ay ku jiraan ether dimethyl. formula ee xarunta this ka wakiil yahay laba xag methyl, kuwaas oo oxygen xiran "buundada".

Waa in la ogaadaa in uusan nooca esters ee gobolka free dhacaan ma. Dimethyl iyo ethyl methyl esters, - gaasaska. The wakiillo ka socda - dareere ah, halka esters sare - adkaha. Waxay aad u liidata L. biyo, si aad u wanaagsan in qase organic yihiin. wakiilada Celceliska (dipropyl, preservative propiletilovy) - ku milma organic lagama maarmaanka ah. guryaha jirka ka mid ah xeryahooda organic kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran miisaanka kelli.

Dimethyl Diyaarinta ether ah

Qeexaa walax waa diyaar L. biyo, ethanol, preservative iyo ether dipropyl. Ester Tani waa la helay ay sabab u tahay fuuq-bax iyo methanol sida byproduct ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee methanol ka CO iyo H2. Waxaa loo adeegsaday in nidaamka qaboojiye sida refrigerant ah.

In mustaqbalka dhow, matoorada naaftada lagu ma wareejin doonaa on gaaska, iyo Ceter dimethyl. dib u dhiska ah ee ay kharashka noocan oo kale ah waa wax badan ka jaban la kala guurka ah in marka la barbar dhigo gaaska dabiiciga ah. wadamada horseedka u ah wax soo saarka ee matoorada kuwanu waa US, Russia iyo Japan.

Qarnigii hore 21-kii, dowladda Ruush go'aansaday on isticmaalka shidaalka kale ee gaadiidka wadada. Dimethyl ether waxaa loo isticmaalaa in baabuur. Noocan oo kale ah go'aan xagjirka ah waxaa loo sameeyey ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in qiiqa xeryahooda nitrogen ka matoorada naaftada lagu rakibay baabuur, xadka aasaasay dhowr jeer. Dimethyl ether waa fiican ee noocan ah engine, ay ku dhawaad uma baahna in la dib. Kaliya iyada oo isticmaalka shidaalka kale engine cusub la casriyeeyay cusub gaadhay heerka Euro-3 dhawrista.

Dowladaha adduunka oo ku kalsoon yihiin in shidaal mustaqbalka for matoorada naaftada waa ether dimethyl. Maanta waa walax inta badan soo saaray hagaajinaayo gaaska dabiiciga ah. In heerka koowaad ee geeddi-socodka laftiisa yaridda in ay toobad gaaska dabiiciga ah, oon ku soo saarida gaaska Avv ah. Intaas ka dib, waxaa lagu beddelay khamriga methyl. Dheeraad ah oo ku fuuq methanol kasteba, oon ku helo ether dimethyl. Waxaa jira hab kale oo loogu talagalay duubis of Ester sheegay - diinta si toos ah gaaska Avv in methanol.

Esters marka la barbar dhigo shidaalka naaftada waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin iyo, dabcan, khasaaraha. In qaabka ee u taagoo Ester maqan "carbon-carbon" bond. Due to content ogsijiin badan waxa uu siiyaa atomization wanaagsan by duro hawada jawi leh heerkulka a t walax karaya sare laftiisa. astaamahaan hagaajiyo sari. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo of this shidaalka kale hoos u buuq engine, waxay kordhisaa isku halaynta.

The darrada ugu weyn ee Ester waxaa ka mid hooseeya qiimaha calorific iyo cufnaanta hoose. Waxaas oo dhan waxay keenaysaa in la kordhiyo isticmaalka shidaalka. Arrinkan waa guryaha cabbeeyo mid aad u liita.