Dmitry Merezhkovsky: Biography. Gabayo, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich waxa uu ku dhashay 1866 in St. Petersburg. Aabbihiis u adeegay oo sida rasmiga ah madaxtooyada yar. Dmitry Merezhkovsky 13 sano bilaabay in aan gabayada qoro. Laba sano ka dib, sida iskuul ah, wuxuu soo booqday aabihii F. M. Dostoevskogo. Qoraaga weyn ayaa laga helay gabayo daciif ah, gaysashada qoraaga ayaa sheegay in si ay u si fiican u qori, waxaad u baahan tahay u oggolaan. Isla mar ahaantaana Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich la kulmay Nadson. Marka hore, wuxuu isaga u Keeban gabayo, iyo iyada oo marka hore soo galay raceen ee suugaanta.

muuqaalka kore ee ururinta ugu horreeya ee gabayada

In 1888 wuxuu daabacay ururinta koowaad ee Merezhkovsky, wuxuu u yeedhay si fudud - "gabayo". Abwaan halkan buu joogaa ardayga Nadson ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida uu u sheegay Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky isla markiiba qaadan karaan midab madax banaan, laga bilaabo in ay ka hadlaan oo ku saabsan farxad iyo xoog, ka duwan gabayaaga kale, isaga qudhiisu xer u ah Nadson, kuwaas oo "whined" ay tabar iyo timelessness tixgeliyo.

Waxbarashada jaamacadaha, falsafada positivism jiidashada

Dmitry tan iyo 1884-bartay at St. Petersburg iyo jaamacadaha Moscow, Taariikhda iyo Philology. Wakhtigan Merezhkovsky noqday xiiso falsafadda ah positivism, iyo asxaabta la dhigtay shaqaalaha kuwaas, "Northern Herald", sida G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, sidaas bilaabay si ay u fahmaan dhibaatooyin booska idink jeeda bulshada. Xaraaradda for this, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd-gaaban. Yiqiin la gabayada ka mid ah Vladimir Soloviev iyo Symbolists Yurub si weyn u beddelay aragti ah ee Abwaan. Dmitry diido "Maadiga xad-dhaaf ah" oo u dhaco by calaamadda.

Guurka Z. Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, sida uu u sheegay contemporaries, wuxuu ahaa nin aad rights reserved, diidan in ay ha adduunkooda dadka kale. Gaar ahaan oo ahaa 1889 waxaa loogu talagalay. Waxaa markaas Merezhkovsky guursaday. Oo uu dooqday - poetess a Zinaida Gippius. Abwaan noolaa iyada oo leh ee '52 iyo ma ka tago maalin. Tani ururka hal abuur iyo ruuxi ah oo uu naagtiisa ku tilmaamay in kitaabka diiqid xaq "Dmitry Merezhkovsky". Zinaida ahaa "matoor" fikrado, iyo Dmitry diyaarinayo iyo iyaga horumariyo shuqulkiisa.

Safarka, turjumaad iyo waxbarasho ee calaamadda

In ka 1880 daahay iyo 1890. Waxay u safray badan dalalka kala duwan ee Yurub. Dmitry ka Latin iyo masiibo Giriigga ee hore loo tarjumay, oo sidoo kale u dhaqmeen sida naqdi ah, sida lagu daabacay "Work", "Review Ruush", "Northern Herald" ee publications.

Merezhkovsky ee 1892, siiyey cashar a, kaas oo siiyey waxbarasho ee hore ee calaamadda. Gabayaaga sheegay in Impressionism, luqadda calaamadaha iyo "content asalka" kordhin karaa "shucuur farshaxanka" suugaanta Ruush. Collection of "Calaamooyinka" u muuqday wax yar ka hor hadalka. Wuxuu siiyey magaca isbedel cusub ee gabayada.

"New gabayo"

"Gabayo New" - buugga saddexaad ka soo baxay ee 1896. Odoroska Merezhkovsky beddelay tan iyo 1899. Inuu ku soo bilowdo in ay xiiseynayaan in diinta kiristaanka, arrimaha la xiriira kaniisadda Catholic. In article ah "Merezhkovsky:" G. Adamovich u xusuustaa in markii wadahadalka la Dmitry waxaa dhaceen, si degdeg ah ama goor dambe ayuu u wareegeen topic isku mid ah - qiimaha iyo macnaha Injiilka.

kulan diimeed-falsafada

naagtiisa Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo dayrta ee 1901 la soo jeediyey fikrad ah ee la abuurayo bulshada gaar ah dadka falsafada iyo diinta si ay ugala hadlaan dhaqanka iyo kiniisadda. Sidaas waxaa jiray diinta iyo falsafada shirka, caanka ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. mawduuca ugu weyn waxay ahayd caddaynta in kaliya ku salaysan diinta lagu fulin karaa nooleenta ee Russia. Ilaa kulamadaasi ka dhaceen ilaa iyo 1903, ay oggolaansho ka KP Pobedonostsev, Xeer ee Synod ee. Waxay ka qayb qaatay iyaga iyo wadaadada ee. Inkasta oo aan la aqbali Masiixiyada "Third Testament", waxay doonayaan waa marxalad xasaasi ah ee horumarinta dalkeena si loo abuuro bulsho diinta cusub ay ahayd saffarro cad oo u dhow.

Shaqo on tiraab taariikhiga

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, kuwaas oo Biography aan ku mashquulsan yihiin, wax badan oo ka shaqeeyey on tiraab taariikhiga ah. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe, tusaale ahaan, gebogebada ah "Masiix iyo ka gees ah", fikrad aasaasiga ah ee taas oo halgan u dhexeeya labada mabaadi'da - ee Christian iyo jaahilka, oo ku baaqaya in Masiixiyaddu cusub oo aan "samada dumo" iyo "dunida oo samada ka."

1896 In, waxaa jiray shaqada ah "Dhimashadii Ilaah ka." - novel ugu horeysay ee gebogebada. Qaybta labaad waxaa la daabacay 1901 ( "Ilaah soo bixin. Leonardo da Vinci"). novel Final loo yaqaan "Peter ka gees ah. iyo Alex," waxa uu ku dhashay 1905.

"Collection of gabayo"

collection afaraad "Collection of gabayo", ayaa laga sii daayay in 1909. gabayo New way ku yar, si kitaabkan halkii ahaa aqooneed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulashada gaar ahaan xagga shuqullada by Merezhkovsky sameeyey, siiyey ururinta casriga ah iyo cibaaro. Waxaa ka mid ah oo kaliya ka shaqeeya in ay buuxiyaan views beddelo qoraaga. Acquired ah macnaha gabay cusub jir.

Merezhkovsky ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu casriga ah ku harin meel iska dhigeen. Wuxuu si fiican ugu muujiyey in uu shaqada niyadda guud, halka Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, xitaa ku saabsan "gubanaya" dadweynaha, inta badan ka hadlay isaga qudhiisa ku saabsanaa, oo ku saabsan habdhaqankiisa u gaar ah iyaga. Oo Dmitry xitaa in qirashooyin ugu saaxiib muujiyeen dareenkooda universal, rajada iyo silica.

shuqullada cusub

Merezhkovskys ee March 1906 dhaqaaqay Paris oo halkaas ku noolaa ilaa bartamihii 1908-. Iyada oo ay iskaashanayaan D. Filosofov iyo Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky in 1907 uu daabacay buugga "Le Tsar et la Revolution". Waxa uu sidoo kale bilaabay abuuritaanka gebogebada, "Boqortooyada bahalka" oo ku salaysan taariikhda Russia ee 18-ka soo daahay - aroor hore qarniyo 19th. Dmitry ka dib markii qaybta hore ee gebogebada (1908) waxaa lagu soo oogo. In 1913, waxaa jiray qayb labaad waxaa ka mid ah ( "Alexander I"). sheeko la soo dhaafay - "14 December" - daabacay 1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Jirran Russia" - buug uu u muuqday in 1910. Waxay ka kooban yahay articles taariikheed iyo diinta in la daabacay 1908 iyo 1909. in "Hadalka" wargeyska.

Ballansan Wolff iskaashi saaray in muddo ah ka soo 1911 si ay u 1913. 17-mugga ururinta shuqulladiisa, iyo Sytin ee 1914 la sii daayay afar mugga. Luqado badan Merezhkovski tiraab loo turjumay, waxa uu ahaa mid aad loo jecel in Europe. In Russia, shuqullada Dmitry Sergeyevich waxaa la soo dersay faafreebka adag - qoraaga ka hadlay kana soo horjeestay Church rasmiga ah iyo -Raaxaysta- ah.

Relationships Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys in 1917 ay wali ku nool Russia. Abwaan ka mid ah dalka ka hor kacaanka loo arkay in image ee "socda ee Ham." Wax yar ka dib, ka dib markii nool laba sano oo Soviet Russia, uu xaqiijiyay in uu ra'yi in Bolshevism - cudur moral, taas oo ah natiijo ah oo dhibaatada of European Dhaqanka. Merezhkovskys rajaynayay in nidaam this waa la afgembiyi doonaa, laakiin ka dib markii barashada ku saabsan guuldaradii of Denikin koonfurta iyo Kolchak in Siberia, go'aansaday inuu ka tago Petrograd.

Dmitry dhamaadka 1919 ku guuleystay xaq u leeyahay inuu akhriyo muxaadarooyin uu qaybo ka mid ah Ciidanka Cas. Bishii Janaayo 1920 isaga iyo naagtiisa u guuray dhulka, taas oo ay degan Poland. Abwaan macalin ee Minsk, waayo, Muhaajiriinta Ruush. Merezhkovskys bishii February u dhaqaaqay Warsaw. Halkan ay ka qayb qaatay hawlo siyaasadeed. Marka Poland saxiixay heshiis nabadeed la Russia, iyo xaaskiisa ayaa ka dhaadhiciyay in "ganacsi Ruush" ee dalka dhammaado, markay tageen si ay Paris. Merezhkovskys degay guri ay leeyihiin iyaga tan iyo wakhtiyadii pre-kacaan. Halkan waxay la aasaasay xiriirada jir ah oo aasaasay xiriir cusub la ahayid Ruush.

Socdaal, aasaaska "Green Siraaj"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky waxaa leexdeen inay ka fiirsan tahriibka sida nooc ka mid ah masiixa. Isagu wuxuu isu arkaa a "darawalka" ruuxiga ah ee dibada u ahaayeen intelligentsia. Merezhkovskys abaabulay bulshada diinta-falsafada iyo suugaanta ee 1927 "iftiin Green". Its madaxweynaha ahaa Mr. Ivanov. "Oo ah iftiin Green" ayaa door caan ah nolosha maskaxda ee la ruxruxo ugu horreeya ee ka haajirid, iyo midoobeen wakiilada ugu fiican ee sirdoonka shisheeye Ruush. Markii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay, shirkadda ayaa joojiyay kulanka (1939).

Merezhkovskys 1927 aasaasay "New Deal" - magazine ah, kaliya hal sano ah. Waxay sidoo kale ka qeyb galay shirweynaha koowaad ee qorayaasha-Muhaajiriinta ka soo Russia, lagu qabtay September 1928 ee Belgrade (uu abaabulay dowladda Yugoslav). 1931 Merezhkovsky in ka mid ah tartamayaasha ah ee Nobel Prize ahaa, laakiin waxay ahayd Ivan Bunin.

Taageerada Hitler

Merezhkovskys Naceen warbaahinta Ruush. Cadaawad ahaa inta badan ay sabab u tahay in ay taageero Hitler, taas oo u muuqatay in ay iyaga Itobiya oo dheeraad ah ka sii jecel taliskii Stalin ee. Merezhkovsky 1930 daahay fashiistaha kaxaystay, xitaa la kulmay mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasheeda - Mussolini. Oo wuxuu arkay Hitler sida badbaadiye of shuuciyad Ruush, taas waxaa loo arkaa "cudurka moral". Ka dib markii Germany weeraray USSR ah, Dmitry sameeyey raadiyaha Jarmal. Waxa uu sheegay in "Bolshevism iyo Dadka", taas oo uu la barbar dhigo Hitler la Joan of Arc. Merezhkovsky ayaa sheegay in hogaamiyaha ka communist sharka badbaadin karo aadanaha. Ka dib markii bandhig this, dhan way ka Marwooyinkooda jeestay.

dhimashada Merezhkovski

10 maalmood ka hor qabsashadii Paris by Jarmalka ee June 1940, Zinaida Gippius iyo Dmitry Merezhkovsky dhaqaaqay Biarritz ee koonfurta of France. December 9, 1941 Dmitry dhintay in Paris.

Qashin gabayada Merezhkovsky

Waxaan u hadlay si kooban oo ku saabsan waxa gabayada ururin abuuray Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Buugaagtan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa qiimahoodu faahfaahin dheeraad ah iyaga on inay joojiyaan. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah 4 uruuriyaa of gabayo aad u dabeecad u.

"Gabayo" (1888) - buug kuwaas oo xataa u adeegtaa sida arday ah Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Sheegyada ka, mid istaahila in dareenka ka mid ah kuwa soo socda:

"Ha badnaa ha quudhsan! Arxan iyo cadhooday

Jees in aan stigmatize murug iyo baahidooda. "

Tani waa line a ka mid ka mid ah gabayo badan sifo kitaabkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowgaba Dmitry ahaa awoodaan in ay qaataan midab madax banaan. Sidii aynu sheegnay, isaguna wuu la hadlay oo ku saabsan awood iyo farxad. gabayo waa pompous, xogsiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo waxaa lagu gartaa oo shurako ah Nadson ka cabsaday ugu jiray hadallada, inkasta oo waxa loo isticmaalaa in gambanaya wax yar oo kala duwan, mararka qaarkood xad-dhaafka ah. Merezhkovsky waxaa beddelay si ay cod karsanaa in sonority, iyo dhalaalka iyada jeexi aamusan, ceeryaamo midab, kaas oo uu ku duudduubtay oo nolosha bulshada Ruush ee 1880naadkii.

"Astaanta" - buugga labaad ee gabayada, ku qoran 1892. Waxaa xusid mudan, waayo, miday ka. Halkan masiibada qadiimiga ah iyo Pushkin, Baudelaire iyo Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky iyo Rome qadiimiga, magaalada of gabayo iyo musiibo ka mid ah maalin kasta. in buuxiyey dhammaan buugaagta, oo dhan maskaxda qaadan doonaa 10-15 sano, oo dhan ayaa la qorsheeyey in ururinta this. "Calaamooyinka" - a premonitions buugga. Dmitry iyo jeerba weerar kale, xilligii more firfircoon. Wuxuu siiyey muuqaalka dhacdadan Titanic dhacda isaga ku wareegsan ( 'kaalay, nebiyadii cusub! ").

"New gabayo" - ururinta saddexaad oo gabayo, ku qoran 1896. Isagu waa badan cidhiidhi ee baaxadda ifafaale nolosha ka badan hal hore, laakiin wax badan ka af. Halkan "Calaamooyinka" sareyn ayaa beddelay walaac joogto ah, lyricism daran iyo gabayada maray dhexdhexaadnimada. Merezhkovsky qudhiisa loo arkaa a "calaamad" addoonkii "tagay ilaahyada." Laakiin by waqtiga "gabayo New" isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu ku dhaleeceeyay ilaahyo, kuwaas oo, ka hadlay oo shurako ah iyo naftiisa: "our dhiirranaan hadalka ...."

"Collection of gabayo" - la soo dhaafay, ururinta afraad (1909). Waxaa gabayo cusub yar, si buugga, sida aan soo xusay, halkii waa buug aqooneed. Merezhkovsky waxa diinta kiristaanka. Waxa uu qiray in geedku "dhiirranaan" aad u debcaan oo wax garad ahayn meeshii allabariga ilaahnimada "dhaqan dunida". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in diinta kiristaanka, uu doonayo in uu ka helo raaxo ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale hub. Dhamaan gabayada ee kitaabkan ku xaladii la jecel yahay oo rumaysadka.