Empire Portuguese waqtiyo kala duwan

Portuguese Empire waxaa matalayey a collection of weyn tirada dibada dhulal, ku yaalaan kala duwan qaybo ka mid ah dunida - in Africa, Asia iyo Latin America. enslavement The dalalka iyo dadyowga ay socday muddo shan qarni, ka XV iyo ilaa qarnigii XX bartamihii.

formation

Taariikh ahaan, in Portugal ayaa la shiidaa hareereeyeen on dhinacyada oo dhan by xoog boqortooyooyinka Spanish oo aan awoodin in ay ballaariso dhulka ay kharash ku dalalka kale ee Yurub. Tani state of arrimaha keentay in xaqiiqda ah in dhamaadka qarnigii XV ka bilaabay inuu daahfurtay juquraafi weyn ka dhasha waxqabadka xooggan oo ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa reer Portugal iyo indheer-ganacsi oo tiro badan. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd mid ka mid ah awoodaha ugu weyn ee gumeysiga, kaas oo socday muddo qarniyo yar ee soo socda.

Aasaasihii of Empire rumaysato Henry ku Infante (Henrique) Navigator ah, oo ay taageerto, ayaa baxriyiintii Portuguese wuxuu bilaabay inuu ogaado dalalkan oo ilaa haatan aan la garanayn, oo doonaya in ay gaaraan xeebaha India, garaaceen agagaarka Africa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar uu dhintay ee 1460 raggiisiiba ma gaadheen xataa tan dhulbaraha, dhoofnay oo kaliya in ay Sierra Leone iyo jasiirado badan furay Atlantic.

ballaarinta dheeraad ah

Ka dib markii in doonyaha waqtiga kala gooyey, laakiinse boqorkii cusub jiray ogyahay in gobolka uu u baahan yahay in la sii wado in la furo dalalka kale. Soon Portuguese badmaax gaadhay gasiiradaha Principe iyo Sao Tomé, tallaabay dhulbaraha, iyo in 1486 ay gaareen Afrika xeebaha. Isla la ballaariyo this ka dhacay Morocco iyo Guinea si deg deg ah ka taagay qalcaddayda iyo xarumaha wax laga gato cusub. Sidaas gumeysi badan Portuguese waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan.

Ilaa waqti isku mid ah, sahamisa kale caan Bartolomeu Dias gaartay Cape of Good Hope iyo soo aruurinta Africa, in Badweynta Hindiya yimid. Sidaas darteed, waxa uu ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan in qaaradda this aan la soo taagay in ay ulaha laga gelin lahaa, sidii culimada qadiimi ah awood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dias, mana ay arkin Hindiya sida rag uu diiday in uu sii. Wax yar ka dib, waxaa ka dhigi doonaa sahamisa kale oo caan ah kuwaas oo ugu dambeyn soo dhammaysteen hawsha dhigay in ka badan 80 sano ka hor by Enrique Infante.

Abuuritaanka Empire

In 1500 wuxuu aaday inuu Hindiya badmaaxa kale - Pedro Alvares Cabral, kuwaas oo maraakiibta si weyn u iilata galbeed. gumeysi Portuguese, oo markiiba ku sheegashada dhul ah ayaa la gudbiyay - sababtoo ah waxaa la ogaadey Brazil. Horseedka joogtada ah - João da Nova iyo Tristan da Cunha - biir St. Empire ku Helena iyo loosoo, iyo sidoo kale jasiiradaha oo dhan, magacaabay ka dib markii dambe ka. Intaa waxaa dheer, in East Africa, tiro ka mid ah madaxda Muslim xeebaha yar ahaayeen labada baabiiyo ama noqday vassals ee Portugal.

Mid ka mid kale ka dib, furitaanka ka dhacay Badweynta Hindiya, in 1501 helay Madagascar, iyo in 1507 - Mauritius. Next, jidka Maraakiibta Portuguese ahaayeen on Badda Carbeed iyo Gacanka reer Faaris ahaa. Ahaayeen mashquul Socotra iyo Ceylon. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah, ka dibna taliyihii Portugal Manuel waxaan aasaasay cusub dadweynaha xafiiska hadha ee Hindiya, in maamulka ay ahaayeen deegaanada Bariga Africa iyo Asia. Waxay noqday de Francisco ee Almeida.

In 1517, Fernand Feresh de Andrade ayaa booqday Canton iyo aasaasay ganacsiga Shiinaha, iyo 40 sano ka dib, tababaraha reer Portugal ayaa la oggol yahay in mashquulin Macao. In 1542 baayacmushtariyaasha filaan ah helay wadada bad ilaa jasiiradaha Japan ka. In 1575 wuxuu bilaabay gumaysigii reer Angola. Sidaas daraaddeed, waqtiga ubax ee boqortooyadiisa waxay ahaayeen deegaanada reer Portugal ee India, South East Asia iyo qaarada Afrika.

Boqortooyada United

In 1580, sida laga soo xigtay ururka waxa loogu yeero guulo ku biireen Portugal ee deriska la ah, Spain. Kaliya 60 sano ka dib waxay awooday in la soo celiyo ay qarannimada. Waxaa jira macquul su'aal: iyo haddii Portugal ahaa a gumeysi of Spain ee intaas oo sannadood? taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah ku siiyo jawaab fiican. Xaqiiqada ah in ururka waqtiga jiritaankeeda oo dhan, oo hoggaamiyay halgankii qadhaadh kula sida quruun firfircoon badda sida Holland, kaas oo qabsatay oo dhan dhulal cusub ee Africa, Latin America iyo Asia. Spanish ciqaab sidoo kale loo ilaaliyo loona xoojiyo kaliya hanti, aan si gaar ah daryeel ku saabsan huwanta dalka. Taasi waa sababta taariikhyahanadu iyo sameeyay ra'yi ah in Portugal - gumeysi ah oo Spain ka 1580 si ay u 1640

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVI ka, reebtay ayaa sii ballaarinta galay Asia. Haddaba, falalka ay isku dubaridan ka Goa. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay soo qabtaan Burma Hoose iyo qorsheeyay in ay ka adkaan Jaffna, laakiin degan oo kaliya jasiirad yar oo ka mid ah Mannar. Waxaa la og yahay in Brazil lagu qabtay Portugal, kuwaas oo gumeysi wuxuu iyadii soo dakhliga badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Daabacashooyinka Morits, kuwaas oo ahaa ku simaha in danaha shirkadda India ee West, ay leedahay Holland, Portuguese ku dhuftay dhowr ah oo guul darro halkii Dulleeya. Taas darteed, in Brazil, waxaa jiray guuto badan ee dhulalka shisheeye haatan ka tirsan Netherlands.

Marka la joojiyo oo ka mid ah Midowga iyo Portugal helay qarannimada ee 1654 waxa ay dib-u-aasaasay ay amar Luanda iyo Brazil, laakiin furasho ah oo cusub oo lagu Dullaysto Southeast Asia ay rabeen by Holland. Sidaas, ka dhulka oo dhan Indonesia, waxay la sii joogtay oo kaliya East Timor, kaas oo noqday mawduuca ku Treaty of Lisbon, saxiixay 1859,

Fatxi ee qaarada madow

The deegaanada ugu horeeyay ee Portugal ee Africa soo baxday qarnigii hore XV. sahamiyayaal caan ah oo ay kooxda, helitaanka inay barriga, si taxadar leh bartay suuqyada maxaliga ah, iyo sidoo kale bixiyaan helitaanka khayraadka dabiiciga ah fiiro gaar ah. In Ceuta, oo ku yaalla waqooyiga Africa, sameeyay ganacsiga socod dhexeeya Yurub iyo Carabaha, iyo wax soo saarka ugu weyn yihiin dahab, foolmaroodi ah, oo dhir udgoon iyo addoommo. duulay The ogaa in si weyn loo kobciyo laga yaabaa, haddii ay ku wada qaadan gacanta. Xataa in times of Henry Navigator waxaa ogaaday in West Africa, iyadoo kaydka dahabka hodan. Tani ma noqon kartaa xiiso reer Portugal, kuwaas oo loo qorsheeyey qabashada deegaanada qaaradda.

Waayo, aawadiis of kayd biraha qaali ah in 1433 duulaan si ay afka Senegal waxa la abaabulay. Waxaa isla markiiba sameeyay dejinta a Argim. From meelahan sano 8 ayaa ku qalabaysan markab ugu horeeyay, taas oo ay saarnaayeen xamuul ah oo dahab ah u geliyey dalka iyo addoommo.

waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, Portugal iyo ballaarinta taageertaa Church Catholic ah madax u ah Pope, kuwaas oo waxay iyadii siisay dhammaan xuquuqda u qabashada iyo haysashada wax dhulalka Afrika. Sidaa darteed ma aha la yaab leh in mid ka mid ahaa maraakiibta ay leeyihiin dalalka kale ee Yurub, ha ku soo dhawaaday xeebaha kuwaas oo muddo ku dhow boqol sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan faa'iido aqoonta Portuguese cusub, ka dhigi maps sax ah aagga oo wuxuu ka dhigay warqadaha ugu fiican wadida. First, waxay doonayeen inay wada shaqeyn la leh baadiyaha ah iyo iyaga iyo Hasha oo uu waayo-aragnimo ah ee safarka iyo inta mahad tirada deegaanada ee 1484 waxaa canonized Benin iyo ka dib Liberia iyo Sierra Leone.

Dabcan State

Sida aan ognahay ka taariikhda Continent Black, duulay ayaa la halkaan si fiican u maleeyay in siyaasadda qarsoodi ah oo dagaal badan. Furitaanka wadada badda ah si ay u yarta Hindiya, taas oo ay maamushaa xeebaha Afrika, Portuguese macluumaadka si taxadar leh qarinaayay ma aha oo kaliya oo ku saabsan qalabka duulaan oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale on dhulka degan. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaaradda daadad dadkii badnaa ka mid ah basaasyo u shaqeeya, kuwaas oo laga soo ururiyey macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan dalalka maxaliga ah. Gaar ahaan, ay aad u xiiseeneyso size oo ka mid ah dalalka, dadweynaha iyo ciidammadooda. Dhammaan xogta sidaas helay, hayay adag kalsooni ay ku tartameen, taas oo ah waxa ay United Kingdom, France iyo Netherlands, kari waayay qaadataan haysta iyaga.

In qarnigii XVI reer Portugal Empire gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa, iyadoo awoodaha kale ee Yurub ayaa inta badan soo martay xilliyo adag oo dagaal iyo, Sidaa darteed, faragelin ay siyaasadda gumeysiga ma lahayn fursad. Waxaa qarsoon ma ahn in qabiil Afrika shiidaa joogsadeen si ay ula dagaalamaan midba midka kale. Xaaladdan ahayd way dhowayd in Portuguese ah, sida barbariyiintiina si fudud u dhici sarkhaansan yihiin Yurub.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

xukunkii gumaystaha ee Africa, kaas oo socday muddo shan qarniyo, ficil ahaan kama taro guulaystay dalalka dhacsan, marka laga reebo, laga yaabee, dalagga cusub, sida kasaafada, cananaaska iyo hadhuudh. Xitaa dhaqanka iyo diinta ee reer Portugal ma halkan ka badbaadaan, maxaa yeelay siyaasadaha ay aad u dagaal badan oo sidaas daraaddeed nebcaaday.

Kasta oo tabo cusub farsamo dalalka kuwaas oo aan si ula kac ah ay maamusho, sababtoo ah ma ahaa faa'iido degay ah. Iyadoo ku saleysan, waxaan qasac ku tirinnaa in hore ee deegaanada ee Portugal iyo Nicma dadyowga ka heshay ku ballaarinta dheeraad ah oo dhibaato badan u wanaagsan. Tani waa run gaar ah ruuxiga ah iyo bulshada dhexgalaan ee West, iyo East Africa.

Hindiya - Colony Portuguese

wadada bad ilaa yarta Hindiya ayaa furay Navigator reer Portugal dunida caan Vasco da Gama. safar dheer ka dib, isaga iyo maraakiibta uu soo aruurinta qaarada Afrika, ugu dambeyntii galeen magaala-dekedeedda Calicut ah (Kozhikode hadda). Oo waxay noqotay in 1498, laakiin ka dib markii 13 sannadood, wuxuuna dhalay gumeysi a Portuguese.

In 1510, Duke Alfonso de Albuquerque si fiican u mahadnaqayo in Goa. From in xilligan bilaabay taariikhda ee reer Portugal gumaysigii of India. Bilowgiiba, Duke qorshaysan inay dalka soo jeedin qalcaddii ku ah mudida dheeraad ah oo raggiisii uu qoto dheer galay Jasiiradda. Later, wuxuu bilaabay inuu si joogto ah u bixin dadka deegaanka si ay diinta masiixiyadda. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu aaminsan yahay uu xidid, maxaa yeelay, ilaa hadda boqolkiiba ee Catholics ee Goa waa ka sii badan in inta kale ee India, oo qiyaastii waa 27% wadarta guud ee dadweynaha.

degay ayaa ku dhow isla markiiba kor u qaadatay dhismaha dejinta ah ee style Yurub - Old Goa, laakiin magaalo ay hadda u habeysan waxaa la dhisay qarnigii XVI. Tan iyo markaas waxa ay noqotay caasimadda ah ee reer Portugal Hindiya. In labada qarniyo soo socda ay sabab u tahay dhowr ah ka oogan, kuwaas oo meelaha dadka safmar ah duumada si tartiib tartiib ah u guuray xaafadda ee Panaji, ka dib noqday caasimadda ah ee gumeysi ah, iyo baxshay Goa Cusub.

Loss of Indian territory

In ka XVII qarnigii in xeebaha India ayaa ka awood Ingiriiska iyo Holland maraakiibta. Sidaas darteed, Portugal ayaa laga badiyay qaar ka mid ah dhulkeeda mar badan oo reer galbeed ah, iyo bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ayay adkaysan kari waayay oo keliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah dalalkii ay gumeysiga. Under ay amar ku hadhay saddex aagga xeebta: Island xeebta Malabar ah, Daman, iyo Diu, ku xiran siday u kala horreeyaan ee 1531 iyo 1535, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo Goa. Intaa waxaa dheer, tababaraha reer Portugal ayaa lagu qabsado jasiiradda Salset iyo Bombay (hadda Mumbai - hadda waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn ee dalka Hindiya). In 1661 wuxuu noqday hantida taajka Ingiriiska sida yarad ee Princess Catherine de Braganza of King Charles II.

Madras City (asal ahaan waxa la odhan jiray dekedda leh ee Sao Tomé) oo la dhisay by Portugal ee qarnigii XVI ka. Ka dibna, aagga la qaatay in ka badan by Holland, kii dhisay xoojinta adag in Pulicat xagga woqooyi ee Chennai hadda.

Halkan reer Portugal Empire socday ilaa dhexe ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii. In 1954, ugu horeysay lagu qabtay India Nagar Haveli Dadra iyo, sida in 1961, Goa iyo ugu dambeyntii qeyb ka mid ah dalka ayaa noqday. The Portuguese dowladda aqoonsan madaxbannaanida oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo kaliya ee 1974. Later, afar meelood ayaa la qaybsamaan laba qaybood, oo waxaa loo Dadra iyo Nagar Haveli iyo Daman iyo Diu. Haddaba kuwanu deegaanada hore ee Portugal liiska oo ka mid ah meelaha loo dalxiis tago ee ugu caansan India.

laga bilaabo of suuska

By qarnigii XVIII ka, Portugal badiyay awoodeeda hore ee boqortooyadiisa gumeysiga. Wars Napoleonic door weyn ka qaata in xaqiiqda ah in waxa laga badiyay Brazil, ka dib markii taas oo dhaqaalaha bilaabay inuu hoos u. Taasi waxaa xigay tirtiridda Boqortooyada laftiisa, taas oo keentay in shaki la joojiyo of expansionism iyo diidmada xiga oo ka mid ah deegaanada kale.

cilmi badan ayaa rumaysan in version muranada in Portugal - gumeysi Faransiiska intii lagu Wars Napoleonic ah. Inta badan, waxaa ka mid ah dalalka wiilkaagiiba ahaa. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ee Portugal ayaa waxaa isku dayayaa in uu badbaadiyo haraadiga hantidoodii, qorshe gaar ah ee ururka ee Mozambique iyo Angola, bandhigey Shirweynihii reer Rayaale gumeysiga ee Berlin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayuu ku dhacay, isagoo kala kulantay ballantaas mucaaradka iyo Great Britain, waxa muujiyay in 1890

Halganka loogu jiro madax-bannaanida

By bilowgii iyo badhtamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay ka liis dheer oo deegaanada ay leeyihiin mar Portugal ka, ay ka amar ahaayeen oo kaliya Cape Verde (Islands ee Cape Verde), Hindiya Diu, Daman, iyo Goa, Chinese Macao, iyo sidoo kale Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Angola , Principe, Sao Tomé iyo East Timor.

Maamulkii faashistihii dalka, la aasaasay by kali taliyayaashii Salazar iyo Caetano, ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay geeddi-socodka furayo, caymiska by waqtiga haysashada Rayaale kale ee Yurub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dhulalka la haysto ayaa weli ku shaqeeya tagay kooxaha muqaawamada in la dagaalamaya madaxbanaanida Dhulkoodii. On amarkan dhexe cabsi joogto ah ka mas'uul oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay hawlaha military ciqaab.

gunaanad

Portugal sida a boqortooyadii gumeysiga waayay kaliya ee 1975, markii mabaadi'da dimoqraadiyadda lagu soo qaatay dalka. Sanadkii 1999, Qaramada Midoobay si rasmi ah u duubay khasaare dhulalka dibada - East Timor ka dib markii ay ka dhaceen wax-u dhir caraf ah Revolution. Isla sanadkaas ka hor ayaa la helay iyo gumeysi hore ee reer Portugal ee Shiinaha - Macau (Macau). Hadda kaliya ee hartay dibada taritoriyada waxay ku Azores iyo Madeira, waa qayb ka mid ah dalka ayaa madaxbannaani.