Engine hydrogen, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-powered

Si aad u taariikhda, ku dhowaad dhammaan automakers dunida ee si firfircoon horumarinta baabuurta ordaya on shidaal nadiif ah. Khubarada ayaa sheegaya in in 15-20 sano dunida si buuxda u weecan doonta inay hab this of gaadiidka. Inkastoo hoggaanka kiiskan xajiya shirkadda "Toyota". Ka dib markii la sii daayo caan ah "Primus" Japan ayaa go'aansaday in uu sii horumariyo iyo bii'ada baabuur - Toyota Mirai hydrogen ku shaqeeya. In article maanta waxaan eegi doonaa oo dhan muuqaalada waxyaabaha cusub, iyo ku qor faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha isticmaalka baabuurta hydrogen.

feature

"Toyota dunida" - taasi waa mid ka mid ah basas ugu horeysay Japanese-ka dhigay in shirkadda go'aansaday in uu soo saaro in qiyaasta mass. By habka, go'aanka ah in wac model this Mirai xaq, maxaa yeelay, in Japan ay ka dhigan tahay "Future daahir ah". saaraha ayaa sheegay in hydrogen ugu horeysay-soo-saarka Toyota duwan dhigooda reserve xoog weyn, kaas oo noqon doona 480 kiiloomitir. Tani waa arrin ku filan isticmaalka maalin walba magaalada, iyo qoyska u safraan masaafo dheer. Laakiin sida safarka dheer-fog, haddana waxay ka dhigi on gaari noocan oo kale ah ma noqon doonto suurto gal. Oo su'aasha halkan ma joogo in design ah ee isku halaynta (sida had iyo jeer, Japanese ah gaariga dhigay tayo iyo "weligiis"), oo ay ka maqan yihiin saldhigyada buux loo baahdo. Laakiin waxaan this wada hadli doonaa ka dib.

Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh

Waxaa xusid mudan in "dunida" ma aha baabuur ugu horeysay adduunka ee la engine hydrogen ah. "Toyota" ayaa lagu soo koraya daydo hybrid baabuurta ka 1997 iyo wixii ka dambeeyey. Waxay ahayd markaa in dadweynaha adduunka oo arkay baabuur ugu horeysay la engine hydrogen qaab FCHV model SUV fikrad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u maamulaan wax soo saarka taxane baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah Japanese ah kuma uu dhicin. Inta badan, gaari laga heli karaa in hay'adaha dawladda iyo ururada ku lug leh baaritaanka ee noocan ah ee gaadiidka. Waana mid ka, ee engine hydrogen isku daraa BMW iyo Toyota. Jarmalka ayaa galay heshiis la injineerada Japan iyo ilaa qorshaha 2020 si ay u abuuraan a bey'ada saaxiibtinimo sedan BMW hydrogen 7 Taxanaha cusub.

Car Faa'iido hydrogen

Si aad u bilowdo on faa'iidooyinka. Si aad u bilowdo, engine ku saabsan shidaalka hydrogen ma dhaadheer kasta oo sunta ah, ka duwan naaftada iyo shidaalka. Waxaa xusid mudan, iyo qiime jaban ee hawlgalka ee noocan ah ee gaadiidka. shidaalka Baahnayn (hydrogen) la diyaarin karaa in yar iyo weyn labadaba. Tani waxay si weyn u xasilin doono xaaladda iyadoo qiimaha shidaalka ee abid-beddelo iyo in ka badan si fiican u qoondeeyo khayraadka tamarta ee dunida.

Maxaa leeyahay faa'iido darrada engine on shidaalka hydrogen?

Hadda aan ka hadalno qabsoomi. Faa'iida ugu muhiimsan ee hab this gaadiidka waa in engine hydrogen ( "Toyota FCV» oo ay ku jiraan) oo dheeraad ah qarxa badan naaftada iyo batroolka dhigooda classic ah. Tan waxa u sabab Halabuurka kiimikada gaar ah hydrogen. By habka, marka lagu daro qaraxa waxaa lagu gartaa Degenaansho sare. Habkaani aad bay u adkaynaysaa gaadiidka iyo gami baabuurta la hydrogen. Sidoo kale, khubaradu waxay sheegeen in dayactirka ah ee geedka ku noqon doonaa ka qaalisan, tusaale ahaan dayactirka ee engine ee naaftada gudaha sari (sabab u tahay tirada yar ee khubarada aqoonta u leh in this shaqaalaha field). Iyo, dabcan, la'aanta ah ee saldhigyada hydrogen sii shiday. In dunida ka mid ah oo keliya ah isticmaalka yar sida hadda sababta oo ah baabuurta waa mid aad u adag (gaar ahaan xilli la mashiinka noocan oo kale ah oo keliya iyadoo la kaashanayo of qalab gaar ah waxay noqon kartaa).

arrimaha sahayda

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee baabuurta hydrogen - saldhiga gaaska lahayn, halkaas oo ay la lagudaray laga yaabaa. Taasi waa sababta baabuurta korontada dunida ka badan ku habboon, sida ay u soo eedeeyay ka ah outlet derbiga caadiga ah, iyo xitaa on go ah, haddii ay jiraan waa guddi a qoraxda saqafka. Laakiin wax soo saarka ee saldhigyada hydrogen horay Muqdsho. Waan ognahay qorshaha si ay u dhisaan 20 saldhigyada sida ee California. Haddii iibka koraan, tirada saldhigyada gaaska laab. By habka, gobolka this aan la doortay sabab la'aan - waxa ka bilaabmay California bilaabi doonaan iibinta hydrogen "Toyota". Laakiin iibka laga wada hadli doonaa goor dambe oo maqaalka, laakiin hadda aynu eegno bannaanka ka ah waxyaabaha cusub.

design

muuqaalka kore ee cusub "Toyota Mirai" waa mid aad u cajiib ah. Isla markiiba dhaco isha weyn dagaal "hore", iyadoo soo go'ay ballaaran adag iyo laydhkaaga boonsarkan. biruhu - hubaashii waa element ugu yar oo aan qiimo lahayn in bannaanka. Laakiin xitaa on sida dhul yar oo caag ah, Japanese ah u suurtagashay in ay meel ay logo summad, ka dhigay in style chrome. Gaariga ayaa meel muraayad wanaagsan. Tani waa run gaar ah Muraayadda hore. Darawalka ma dareemi doontaa "zones dhintay" tan iyo dhacdooyinka oo dhan ku wareegsan hadda la arki karo u ordo. Jirku wuxuu leeyahay labadaba, khadadka aerodynamic angular oo siman. All taas oo ka dhigaysa muuqaalka kore ee nooca yaryar waa mid aad u cusub, oo casri ah oo u gaar ah.

gudaha

Qaybta hoose ee gaadhiga haddii pride ah - mass of badhamada, qaab, dareemayaal iyo walax kasta oo kale. Waa maxay xiiso leh, Japanese ah go'aansaday in aan lacag ku saabsan horumarinta laba fursadaha qaabka gudaha ku qaataan - Yurub iyo suuqa guryaha. Dhibaatadu waxay la permutation isteerinka waxay go'aansadeen aad u fudud adigoo dhamaan qalabka macluumaad muhiim dhexe ee toorbiidyo ah. guddiga ayaa la dhigayaa mid aad u dhow in ay muraayada hore, iyo fidiyey guud ahaan width ah. Ka fogee iyada, kaalinta on-guddiga computer weyn, taas oo ku qalabeysan yahay shaqo ka dhisay-in browser. waxaa hoos ku jiro qaab kale. share A of laba hawada ballaaran. Waxaa la mid ah waa labalaabka dhinac kasta muraayada, oo keliya qarka u chrome ee geeska. isteerinka ayaa sidoo kale ku qalabaysan badhan hago. buro Gearshift in qol halkaas - badan tahay isticmaalaya CVT ama la isugu gudbiyo si toos ah. ku hadla waxaa lagu dhejiyay albaabka, iyo sidoo kale badhamada gacanta furmo suuqa korontada. isteerinka waxay leedahay xajin raaxo leh. Guud ahaan, qaabka gudaha waa mid aad u ergonomic. Oo xataa in kasta oo ay u badan oo badhamada (gaar ahaan ka fiirsaneysa badhkiisa, waa in iyaga la xiriiri ee), isagu ma waxaa buux dhaafiyey waxyaabaha aan loo baahnayn iyo ilaa xad u muuqdaan kuwo ba'an.

astaamaha farsamo

"Toyota" soo saaray gaariga la engine hydrogen a isagoo sahay badan oo xoog. warshad koronto ayaa, sida laga soo xigtay farsameeya, waxay yeelan doonaan 153 hooras, taas oo ku filan class this gaariga. On the matoorada kale aadan ku hadlin Japanese, iyo, u badan tahay, suuqa ka yimaadaan doonaa beddelid waxyaabaha cusub ee ka soo unit deegaanka saaxiibtinimo ee 153-xoog mid kaliya. engine The hydrogen ( "Toyota Mirai" 2015) waddaa on unugyada shidaalka gaar ah. Inside reaction dambe qaadataa meel, iyadoo ka qaybgalka hydrogen iyo oxygen. Sidaas darteed of dhexgalka kiimikada soo saarta tamarta awood leh in shidaalka motor koronto.

Dynamics iyo kharashka hawlgalka

saaraha ayaa sheegay in sifooyinka firfircoon ee Toyota oo la engine hydrogen yahay ma ka duwan yahay dhigooda shidaalka ay. Dardar-ka eber in "boqolaal" ayaa lagu qiyaasay 9 seconds. Isla mar ahaantaana, injineerada xusay safarka ah qiimo jaban. taangiga buux Price per 1 kilomitir noqon doonaa senti 10 oo kaliya. Sidaas darteed, si ay u kaxeyn baabuur boqol kiiloomitir, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay qaataan 10 doolar. baabuur A buuxin kartaa oo kaliya 5 daqiiqo.

Sida engine la ordaya on hydrogen?

Sida xaqiiqada ah qof kasta oo inaga mid ah u maleeyay oo ku saabsan mabda'a hawlgalka unugta. Waa hagaag, bal aynu eegno sida engine hydrogen dhab ahaan.

Arrinta ugu weyn ee ka dambeeya mashiinada waa matoor ah electrochemical (a cell shidaalka). In Japanese waxaa loo yaqaannaa FC dhoobo. Inside matoorka electrochemical reaction dhacdaa taas oo keenta in lagu qayilo ee hydrogen. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this soo saaray tamarta la doonayo, taas oo ka dibna loo gudbiyaa batteriga is haysta. Arintaan fuliya shaqo ee xoogga korontada, taas oo horseedaysa gaariga in tallaabo. In nooca qashinka ahbaa engine hydrogen? "Dunida Toyota" oo og yeedhay mashiinka nadiif ah, sababta oo ah biibiile dhammayn ma sii socon gaasaska sunta ah iyo biyaha caadiga ah.

Waa dhan si aad u wanaagsan, laakiin waxaa jira ciidamo ah oo ka joojinaysa horumarinta hab this of gaadiidka. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ay tahay in wax soo saarka shidaalka ayaa maaraysa baabuurta hydrogen hadda dhacsan oo u baahan kharash lacag caddaan ah oo waaweyn. Gaar ahaan marka qaybaha hydrogen abuurista waxaa loo isticmaalay sida dhuxusha, iyo methane. Waxaa aad u xoogan loola nijaasayn jawiga, oo sidaas daraaddeed macno samaynayaan si ay u isticmaalaan matoorada kuwaas aawadood oo ah "ilaalinta degaanka" ma aha. Dabcan, ka sari ee shidaalka qashinka leeyihiin (biyo nadiif ah), laakiin si ay u diyaariyaan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si weyn booli iyo jawiga hawada wasakhaysan. Sidaa darteed, xirfadlayaasha iyo aad u badan raadinayaan bedelka la joogo sari engine gudaha unugyada tamarta qoraxda.

Waana mid ka, hydrogen uusan iska leh nooc kasta oo gaar ah oo shidaal ah oo loo isticmaali karo oo keliya hal nooc oo engine. Daraasado ayaa muujiyey in wax soo saarka this waa suurto gal in aad dalbato iyo matoorrada classic la matoorada sari gudaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii uu cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah, waxaa jira cawaaqib. Xaqiiqada ah in hydrogen ah by sari in mishiin lihi gudaha u qoondaysaa kaliya 1/3 tamarta ah in ay soo saaraan lahaa unug khaas ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, injineero ayaa awooday in ay saxaan deficiency this. Thanks to suuroggalaan tayada dib u habaynta nidaamka of matoorada sida aan la dhimay, laakiin kordhay ku dhowaad 1.5 jeer caadiga ah, samaynta howlgalkan shidaalka wanaagsan dheeraad ah oo macquul ah si ay hal dhibic deegaanka iyo dhaqaalaha ee view.

Weli dhibaato la la xusay oo keliya ma aha ee degaanka of hufnaan. Haddii wax ku oolnimada injineero ah ay awoodaan si loo kordhiyo by hagaajinta nidaamka suuroggalaan ah, dhibaatooyinka sida heerkulka sare qowladdii sari, filtarka iyo pistons gubanayo, waxay awoodi karin in ay la qabsadaan. By habka, in hawlgal joogto ah, hydrogen awood u ficil la qaybaha kale ee engine ah, oo ay ku jiraan lubricated. Oo aan engine ah si dhakhso ah duugoobaynin. Waxaa intaa dheer, sababta oo ah Degenaansho hydrogen ay geli karin ku kala cayncayn ah qaaca oo halkaas u gubta. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo engine sari gudaha ee Rotary, ay ku jiraan saamaynta qaab fudud oo meel fog ka dhexeeya ururiya ku badan yihiin wanaagsan ee sida shidaalka ugu weyn. On su'aashan, sida engine hydrogen ee la oran karo waa la xidhay.

qiimaha

Sida ay soo saaraha, "Toyota Mirai" iibka baabuurta bilaabi guga ee 2015. Marka ugu horeysa, cibaaro ah ayaa laga heli doonaa oo kaliya on suuqa gudaha, iyo xagaaga waxaa ka muuqan doontaa suuqyada Yurub iyo Maraykanka. Qiimaha bilaabo of hydrogen "Toyota" waa 57,5 kun oo doolar. Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadda waxay bixisaa si ay u iibsadaan amaah baabuur this bixinta bil walba 500 oo doolar. bonus waa awood u leh inay lacag la'aan ah shidaal kaga baabuur muddo sannad ah saldhiga gaaska, California.

Iyadoo ay jiraan tartanka ma ka mid ah baabuurta hydrogen Japanese "Toyota". At meree, sidaa darteed waxa ay noqon doontaa ilaa 2016. Xaqiiqada ah in bishii March 2016 suuqa yimaado gaari hydrogen cusub Honda FCV. Laakiin sida loo jecel yahay waa, ma waxaan la saadaaliyo, iyo sugto ilaa bilawga iibka cusub "dunida Toyota ee."

gunaanad

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan ogaaday sababta uu ahaa sidaas u gaarka ah iyo sida engine hydrogen ah. "Toyota" - mid ka mid ah automakers ugu horeeyay, taas oo si dhab ah u malaynaya inuu bilaabaan wax soo saarka ballaaran ee ay "wax soo saarka bay'adda u fiican". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo haatan ma xallin dhibaatada la saldhigyada shidaalka iyo hab jaban in ay soo saaraan hydrogen, shirkadda lagama yaabo in ay sugaan guul weyn ku iibiso mashiinnada kuwan.