Gantaal iyo dhirta Space Khrunichev

Shirkadda, ugu fiican oo loo yaqaan Plant gantaalaha ah. Khrunichev (in kasta oo ay taariikhda, waxa uu lahaa magacyo badan oo kala duwan), - Halyeeyga reer sayniska Ruush iyo warshadaha. Tani shirkadda muddo ku dhow 100 sano. badeecada soo saaray by geedka, si buuxda la oran karo waa arrin qaran oo kibirka ee Russia. Tani side gantaal halyeeyga "proton", balanqaaday "Angara". Plant loogu mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee horumarinta caalamiga ah ee warshadaha meel - xawaaraha ah "Baikal". shuraakada Company soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo aerospace warshadaha khuseeya wax soo saarka kale ee Ruush.

alaabta

Mid ka mid ah flagships of warshadaha difaaca Ruush - Gantaal iyo Space Plant. Khrunichev. Its magaca rasmiga ah, dabcan, codadka kala duwan. Oo kuwaasu - Mideysan Dawladda Federaalka Enterprise "Research State iyo Production Space Center of MV Khrunichev. " Just riix iyo muwaadiniinta si kasta oo kale oo ka weyn magaca gaaban ku xayiran xiriiraan - si brand this lagu yaqaan.

Warshadda Khrunichev ahaantii - dhowr shirkadood oo ku yaalla qeybaha kala duwan ee Russia. Waxay soo saaray noocyo badan oo ka mid ah gantaalada iyo technology bannaan. The baarka alaabta ugu caansan - gantaalka "proton", "Yooxanaa erayga Kosmos-3M", "Rokot" iyo "Angara". Waxaa ka mid ah horumarka rajo - suunka karo gantaalaha "Baikal".

story

Warshad Khrunichev markii hore la furay sida automaker ee loo yaqaan "Russo-Balt-2." Year of aasaaskeeda - 1917 th. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo bartamihii 1920-waxay bilaabeen inay la soo saaray diyaaradood ee ay mashaariic ka mid ah diyaaradaha Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. In 1950 warshadda soo saaray qarax ka "qoraafiga", Myasishev loogu talagalay. In 1961, geedka helay magaca ku dhawaad casriga ah - "Machine Dhismaha Plant magacaabay ka dib markii MI Khrunichev "- oo waxay bilaabeen inay ku takhasusaan wax soo saarka ee gantaalada iyo meel technology. waxaa On iyo ab ka yar oo gantaalo, "Salyut" saldhiga ayaa la sii daayay iyo "Peace". In 1993, dhirta Khrunichev ka helay magaceeda la joogo. Its qaab-dhismeedka sidoo kale ka mid ah Bureau "salaama". Sanadkii 2007, qaabka sharci ee hadda ayaa loo xilsaaray in ay geedka - ganacsi midaysan gobolka federaalka. dhismayaasha Waxaa la jaalka ah sida, tusaale ahaan, shirkad "Length" ah (Moscow). Plant. Khrunichev sidoo kale isku daraa Bureau magacaabay. Isayev, Voronezh Farsamada Plant, oo sanadkii 2008 ku biiray ganacsi Perm ee "proton-PM", in 2012 - Ust-Katav Plant. SM Kirov.

"Proton" gantaal

Mid ka mid ah baarka ugu garan karo ee alaabta soo saaray Xarunta shirkadaha ay. Khrunichev (dhirta, dib u eegista ah oo dadka u noqday mid ka mid ah aasaaska aragtida dadweynaha ee xoogga warshadaha difaaca Soviet - ka mid ah in waxa uu ku yaalaa Moscow) - gantaalka "proton". Waxay u muuqatay in koorsada ee horumar ah oo ku saabsan abuurka ah Intercontinental gantaalaha ballistic UR-500. In koorsada of casriyeynta ee ICBMs muuqday side "proton-K", taas oo uu noqday, ra'yiga khubaro badan, model ugu guulaha badan ee gantaalaha Soviet in ay gabal.

Commercialized isticmaalka "proton-K" loo dhiibay 1996 (ee satellite Yurub Astra 1F la bilaabay galay falagiisuu). Ka dibna, dhowr dersin furayey ka macmiisha gaarka ah lagu qaaday. injineerada Ruush ayaa sidoo kale horumariyo version ah "proton", ku habboon wax soo saarka load ku falagiisuu dhex geostationary. Yaa modified gantaal ah, kaas oo loo yaqaan "proton-M" waa kuwa ugu badan ee la isticmaalo in ay taxane.

"Angara" gantaal

Horumarinta ee gaariga la bilaabay "Angara", sida ay khubaro badan - mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha meel Ruush. Waa qoyska oo dhan lagu gano (sida kuwa iska leh fasalka "fudud", iyo sidoo kale kuwa sidayaal "culus").

Waxaa la filayaa in baarka qaar ka mid ah kor u qaadi kartaa kastana falagiisuu dhex ah ilaa 35 tan oo xamuul. horumarka ugu weyn ee tartan Ruushka - Falcon gantaal (ee qoraalkii "culus") ee shirkadda American SpaceX. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in halkan waxaa jira iska hor imaad u dhexeeya shirkad gobolka la nus qarni ah ee taariikhda iyo shirkad aad u yar ee gaarka loo leeyahay, ka abuuray xoq. Horumarinta ee ku modules "Angara" waqti isku mid ah ayaa ku lug Moscow ma aha oo kaliya - Plant. Khrunichev helay partners in South Korea. Gaar ahaan loogu isticmaalo la gantaal ah "Angara" xawaaraha abuuray "Baikal", oo loogu talagalay orod badan.

Xawaaraha "Baikal"

Works "Baikal" waa mid fudud ku filan, iyo waqti isku mid ah ku fuliyo hawlahan muhiimka ah. Iyada oo taageero ka stage gantaal suunka soo baxdo in height ah oo ku saabsan 70 km. Markaas engine way rogmatay "Sheds", ka dib markii taas oo gantaalo ku falagiisuu. "Baikal" Dhanka kale uga jari lahaayeen gaariga iyo in Earth noqdeen sida diyaarad. Ka dib markii kormeerka iyo wax isbedel loo baahan yahay in dib-loo isticmaali karaa: in mashaariic in warshadda Khrunichev waa dadweynaha, oo sheegaya in "Baikal" waa in hawada 25 jeer (laakiin in koorsada hagaajinta tiradaasi dhab ahaantii keeni dhismaha 200).

lammaanaha ugu weyn ee geedka. Khrunichev on mashruuca ee "Baikal" - NPÖ "Molniya". Waxaa la malaysan in xawaaraha waxay yeelan doonaan miisaan laga bilaabo oo ku saabsan 130,4 tons oo dherer of 27 m iyo ballaciisu yahay (dhexda) oo ka mid ah 2.9 m oo muhiim ah qayb "gudubno" -. Module gantaal oo isu (URM) qalabaysan badhidii, garabka, powerplant , jiifku iyo nidaamyada kale.

matoorada

iyaga dhismeedka xarunta Gabadhoy. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Farsamada Plant" - ururiya noocya badan oo matoorada ee warshadaha aerospace ah. Taariikh ahaan, unugyada hore waxaa ku jiray M-11 dhajinta on diyaaradaha PO-2. In sano ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee warshadda bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan matoorada Ash-62IR, M14V26 iyo baarka kale ee isku celceliyo noocyada kala duwan ee diyaaradaha. Tan iyo markii ay 50s daahay ee Voronezh wuxuu bilaabaa inuu soo saaro matoorada meel-gantaal: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (ay qarka u saaran inuu "proton") iyo qaybaha kale ee teknoolojiyad sare.

Haddaba Warshadda ayaa ka shaqaynaysa samaynta wax soo saarka ee gantaalada RD-191 "Angara". Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ka mid ah shirkadaha Ruush VSW oo kaliya ayaa awood u daayo ee matoorada diyaaradaha qalab. Cutubyada soo saaray in Voronezh, kaalinta on tababarka iyo diyaarado isboortiga, iyo helicopters ujeedooyin kala duwan.