Baabuurta, SUVs
GAZ-46: sooc iyo description
Gorky Automobile Plant soo saaray wax badan oo ka mid ah baabuurta istaahila in xusuustiisa ka ab. Interesting ahaayeen model salka, iyo ku salaysan iyaga on mishiinka ujeedooyin kala duwan. call qalaad soo saaray iyadoo ay ku saleysan GAZ-69 gaari GAZ-46 "Amphibian".
asalka ah
waayo-aragnimo ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka tustay ugu liito iyo qalabka milatari ee Soviet, iyo sidoo kale ka dhimman in ay Abuuridda. baabuur sabayn aan ahaa in ciidanka.
Helay hoos ku deymin-kirada afar-wheel-drive amphibian Ford GPA iyo baabuur lix taayir DUKW fududeeyey isgoyska webiga ee Yurubta Bari lagu jiro ciidamada sovestskih weerar ee Nazi Germany.
Dabcan, farsamo waxaa lagu qabtay on warqad, iyo isla markiiba ka dib dagaal ku jira qorshahaaga muddo dheer dib-u-la socdaan kale waxaa ka mid ahaa labada rakaabka iyo xamuulka Gators.
Ugu horayn xiiso gaariga taliyaha ciidamada ee khafiifa oo awood u hagaajinaysa caqabadaha biyaha iyo dhaqaaqo koox ka mid ah gawaadhida gaashaaman.
Xamuulka DUKW ahaa noocooda koowaad ee zis-485 ah - waterfowl baabuur weyn (BAS). Analoogga sabayn SUV Ford GPA, oo waxay noqdeen in ka badan waqtiga, baabuur GAZ-46 ee Mauritius Small natatorial.
History of gaariga sabayn
ciidamada ayaa waxa ay xiiso u noocan ah ee technology in horay 1948 Research Engine machadka (NAMI) waa ayaa ku soo bilowday isagoo ka wakiil ah golaha wasiirada iyo Wasaaradda gaari iyo warshadaha cagaf lafdhabarka horumarinta ku salaysan SUV madal si fiican a GAZ-67. Shuruudaha tixraaca ku xusan oo ku saabsan technology, loogu talagalay gaadiidka kooxaha dalka iyo shaqaalaha badda iyo curyaamin lix qof ama 500 kg oo xamuul, jiidaya ku isjiidka biyo iftiin, dakad iyo tas-hiilaadka kale ee sabayn loo isticmaalo ciidamada injineernimada.
The lagu daydo ugu horeysay loogu yeedhay NAMI-011, gudbin imtixaanada wasaaradaha iyo waxaa lagu talinayaa in la ansaxiyo in ciidamada, iyadoo ay jirto in design ahaa cayriin.
Production ah lafdhabarka ayaa lagu eedeeyay Gorky. takhasusay Plant ka dhigay isbedelo badan design, hagaajinta waxqabadka mishiinka, ilaa hadda sida makaanikada ee GAZ-67 ah.
Laga soo bilaabo 1951 in 1953, Dufcaddii hore ee steel in ay galaan ciidanka loo yaqaan-GAZ 011 iyo wixii la diyaarin ciidamada in ay jiraan dhibaatooyin khatar ah ee horumarinta iyo hirgelinta baabuur fiicnaaday GAZ-46, kaas oo la tixgelinayo comments si model hore iyo reebay inta badan cillada ay.
Qiimeynayay mu'aamaraad halis ah, duulaya madaxdii, beddelay hoggaanka, laakiin ugu danbeyn, baabuur cusub oo ku salaysan mid aad casri u GAZ-69 ayaa la sii daayay.
Nasiib darro, waxa soo saaray amphibious dheer ka hor dhamaadka konton konton ah, maxaa yeelay, ee labaatankii sano ee guudahaan hore, ayaa bedelay technology ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale xeelad dagaal, iyo Gators iftiin noqday aan loo baahnayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, saldhig-soo-saarka ee GAZ-69 ee loo gudbiyay Automobile Ulyanovsk ee Plant, halkaas oo ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in ay soo saaraan lafdhabarka sababo la sifaynayo hawl.
lafdhabarka Description
mashiinada waterfowl sabaynta bixiyaan guryo ah welded steel on jir ah profiles sanduuqa. Jiifku iyo gudbinta ahaayeen ka GAZ-69, iyo engine - laga bilaabo gaariga "Pobeda" GAZ-M20.
kiiska kala iibsiga waxa uu ahaa usheeda dhexe dheeraad ah rafaasad ah saddex garbaha, ka difaacan dhaawac ka soo hoos arc awood badan. Ambadeen fiilooyinka rakibay on column isteerinka u xidhiidhinaya wheel biyaha, taas oo lagu meeleeyo jet biyo abuuray by fur ku ah.
suurto gal ahayd in ay hoos u yar cadaadiska si loo hagaajiyo iskutallaabta ku daali dhul silty, cabsi la'aan in giraangirihiina biyaha ku dhuftay. taararka oo dhan waxaa la aasaasay leh Xidhiidhiyayaasha korontada laga shaabadeeyey, ma u baahan tahay ilaalin iyo qaybiyaha dheeraad ah, tan iyo markii ay gabi ahaanba waxaa laga shaabadeeyey.
Rakibay on nuurka digniin muraayada si loo xakameeyo ingress biyaha ugu tegey dhufayskii. On foredeck ku GAZ-46 dheefay iskaamiinto iyo tailpipe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qayladii ka iskaamiinto ahaa sidaas u xoog badan in gaariga in waligiis. On qaansada gacanta lagu sharraxaa ku yaalaa awood kale ee taangiga qoorta, i.e. haddii loo baahdo in dib u shidaal qaadasho taangiga shidaalka si toos ah waxay noqon kartaa biyaha on.
Housing baabuur sabayn
Housing Gaz nooca 46 pontoon sameeyay ee aan daaqadaha lahayn, waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex dhigan karo derbiyada transverse. qol qaansada waa qol engine-gudbinta. qol dhexe waa shaqaale qol ah oo rakaab ka danbeeya waa qol boorsooyinka.
On sanka isku beddelka ku yaal of saxanka ku wareerid oo lagu sara kiciyaa ka hor intaadan gelin biyaha. Waxay ka hortagtaa "aasi" sanka biyo, ka ilaaliya qaadashada hawada qaboojinta ee motor iyo qol dhexe ka biyo ah.
Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhaxaysa laydhkaaga ee amphibian bollard joogsan biyaha iyo capstan on for buoy samatabbixinta.
jidhka ka baxsan, lever Jaha absorbers lama filaan ah. The madal sare gadaal Mire Waqaf oo wheel firaaqada.
Cab GAZ-46
design qol, haddii ay dhacdo in this waa ku habboon qeexidda si cod dheer ah u fudud spartan sida amphibian waxaa loogu talagalay oo ku saabsan tilmaamaha ciidamada. Raaxada labada shaqaale ama rakaab ah lama bixiyo.
safka hore ee kuraasta ka kooban yahay laba kursi, waayo, taliyaha iyo darawalka. iyaga Behind rakibay kursiga keydka xaafuun aan hagaajin.
In cab ugu fududaato dayactirka waa filter shidaalka.
lafdhabarka engine
Gorky loo isticmaalaa in lagu GAZ-46 matoorada oo isku qoys ah, kaas oo la soo saaray ee warshadda ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxay petrol (shidaalka loo isticmaali karaa xitaa tirada falkaas ah 66), afar-stroke Otto, mugga a of 2.1 litir.
matoorrada 20 iyo M-GAS-69 waa shiidaa isku mid ah in qaab-dhismeedka iyo dhinacyada guud. GAZ-69 oo leh awood ah 55 litir. s., waayo waterfowl mashiinka waa ku haboon, sababtoo ah waxaa lagu qalabeeyey meeldhexaadka ah oo saliid ah, taas oo aan u baahnayn is qarxiyaan hawada xawaare sare, kuwaas oo lama huraan marka la guuro biyaha.
awood Engine leh "Win", taas oo ah saldhigga, aan wax badan hoose - 52 litir. a.
Maxaa yeelay, engine ahaa helaan hawada waxaa xadidan, exchangers kulaylka loogu aaso circuit qaboojinta ah waxaa la siiyaa bilowgaba for qaboojinta warshad koronto ka.
kooxda M20 matoorada waxay ahaayeen si lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ay xirtaan adkaysta, waxaa weli harsan mashiinada ka weyn. Waxay yihiin fudud si ay u daryeelaan, daryeelka iyo dayactirka, laakiin halkan meesha in lagu rakibo bay cidhiidhi ah oo qoto dheer waxa ay taasi sharaf dismo in GAZ-46.
lafdhabarka gudbinta
Vehicle qalabaysan saddex-yada gudbinta gacanta saddex saamiga gudbinta geerka 3,115, 1.772 iyo 1.0, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo xagga dambe - 3.738. kiiska Transfer - dual-yada, iyadoo saamiga marsho of 1.15 iyo 2,78. Ratio marsho on gudbinta toobinta ugu weyn ee la ilig helical - 5.125, on hab isteerinka, taas oo ahayd dixiri Globoid la duuban double - 18.2.
Lidka - saxan hal qalalan. Chocks, shaqo - on dhan afar giraangirood oo la drive Haydarooliga ka lugtooda, meelaha baabuurta la dhigto - in gudbinta la drive farsamo buugan.
astaamaha farsamo ee baabuurka GAZ-46
Macluumaad Guud off-road:
- tirada boosaska: 5 ama 2 + 500 kg,
- miisaanka: 1.85 tons oo aan xamuul;
- cabbir dherer × width × height (daboosho) waa: 5,06 x 1,735 × 2.04 m,
- WB: 2.3 m,
- ansixin dhulka hoos oo ulahooda wareejiya (load buuxda): 210 mm,
- jeestay gacan on qaybta ugu saadaalineysa - 6.5 m.
Kalen Gaz 46 ayaa xawaare sare ee 90 km / h, celceliska - 48 km / h, biyo - 9 km / saacaddii.
isticmaalka shidaalka Highway waa 17 litir 100 km, marka aad safarka ku baatrool biyo loo baahan yahay ee 16.5 litir saacad on reserve xoogga dalka - 500 km, sabbaynaya - 6 saacadood. In ay ka gudbaan boholo gaariga ma aha awood, dhaadhaca la heli karo isaga in - 60%.
nolosha cusub ee lafdhabarka jir
Wixii ka badan kala bar ka badan qarnigii ayaa soo maray tan iyo sii daayo oo ka mid ah mashiinada ugu dambeeyay, miridhku ku-ugu on the xadad oo ka mid ah cutubyo ciidamada baabuurta tegey duugga ah, laakiin taageerayaasha mahad retromobiles qaar ka mid ah nolol cusub la siiyey.
opinion maanta Hagidda quruxda jidhka iyo ammaankeeda. Anyway, uu dib u soo kabashada qaadataa wakhti yar iyo dadaal. Laakiin engine la bedelay si ay awood dheeraad ah la "Volga" GAS 24/31. 46 GAZ xamuul culeyskiisu yahay tan oo in ka badan laba iyo bar ah, iyo engine M20 ay u sameeyeen waxaa loo arkaa mid daciif ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si uu ku qaboojiyo a engine shidaalka casriga ah ka maqan hawada isku dhufayskii, fiican in xaaladaha sida naaftada. Leave takhasusay hooyo gudbinta buugan, razdatku, xir, buundooyinka, capstan, bamka biyaha iyo qalabka bamgareynta (!). Inkastoo buundooyinka aan ka xanibeen darawallada hadda ma Oga, iyaga u beddeli on ciidamada. Wheels, malaha hadda sidoo kale kama ay helin, sidaas dhigay "qaraabo fog" - UAZ.
Amphibian dibadda
Taageerayaasha baabuurta sabayn dunida oo dhan ay leeyihiin. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin waa dhacdo waa loo baahan-Trarbach (Germany) ee August 2014, marka webiga Moselle milkiilayaasha amphibian soo ururay in baabuurta ay. Waxay qabtay dibad iyo waddooyinka, oo ka soo jeeda webiga.
Toddobaadka dhexdiisa waxaan socday dabaal fasax this iyo fikirka farsamo. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa lixdan baabuurta kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan amphibious guriga-dhigay mid gaar ah.
Waxa xiiso leh in inta badan waxaa ka mid ah waxaa abid sabayn SUV Ford GPA (waxaa ku jiray afar iyo toban), taas oo u adeegi jireen sida noocooda ah ee GAZ-46 ah. Photo Xaqiijiyay xiriirka xataa maanta. On sawirka Ford sare, iyo hoos Ruush sabayn SUV ah (waxaa jiray shan kulan a).
daydo lafdhabarka
GAZ-46 lagu sharfay ka yar tirada 100 ay galaan ururinta lagu daydo of majaladda Ruush sayniska iyo waxbarashada ah oo ku saabsan baabuur Soviet "Avtolegendy USSR ah." Daabacaadan waxaa ka go'an in mid ka mid ah model, waxaa la daabacay bishii labo iyo mid ku lifaaqan yahay nuqul ka mid ah baabuurta ururiyaha ah, sameeyey iskeelka 1: 43 ee Shiinaha by shirkad Talyaani DeAgostini. The baxsad print sheegay ahaa 120,000 nuqul. Mashiinka cagaar madow, waayo, sida miisaanka si faahfaahsan ku filan shaqeeyey baxay si faahfaahsan, laakiin khubarada ayaa sheegaya in giraangirihiina ma aha ee guriga model ah, iyo boolidii muuqaalka kore ee teendhada. waa model ayaa la dumiyey afar qaybood: jidhka, gudaha, hoose iyo teendhadii ugu coroge.
Sameeyey model of amphibian iskeelka isku mid ah iyo in siminaarka "Ural Falcon" in Yekaterinburg, ma aha oo kaliya oo cagaar ah, laakiin sidoo kale midabo more madaxtooyada, sida buluug ah ama kuwa gaduudan.
GAZ-46 ganacsi ilaa dhamaadka 1958 oo lahaa beddelka jirin, ayuu ku hadhay adeegga muddo ka badan soddon sano, inkastoo sida baabuurta sahan ah ayaa durba la isticmaalo BRDM. Lafdhabarka ahaayeen in regiments buundada pontoon adeegga iyo agalay oo guuto hawada ma aha oo kaliya in Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin sidoo kale in wadamada Heshiiska Warsaw ah. Lama oga baabuurta inta on track maanta, laakiin waxay yihiin, milkiilayaasha si fiican u daryeel qaadaan on kalluumeysiga ama ugaarsiga iyo dambeeyaan kibirka sharci ah, ka qayb qaab of qalab gaar ah.
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