Guryaha Chemical oo ka mid ah macdanaha dhulka xumadoodu. Isticmaalka Biraha dhulka xumadoodu. guryaha jirka ah ee biraha dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku

Ka fiirso kiimikaad oo ka mid ah macdanaha dhulka xumadoodu. Qeex sifooyinka ay qaab-dhismeedka, helo, isagoo ku dabeecadda, codsiga.

Xaaladda SS ah

Si ay u qeexaan meesha bilowga ah, kuwaas oo xubno ka ah ee ay miiska wareegsan ee Mendeleev. Waxay ku yaalaan ee kooxda labaad ee ugu weyn kooxaha. Waxaa ka mid ah calcium, strontium, radium, barium, magnesium, beryllium. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid yihiin heerka tamarta dibadda ah waxaa ku jira laba electrons valence. Marka la eego guud ahaan, beryllium, magnesium iyo Dhulka xumadoodu Biraha dibadda waa electrons ns2. kiimiko sida ay muujiyaan gobolka qayilo +2 ah. Inta lagu guda jiro dhexgalka la walxaha kale, waxay muujiyaan yaraynta guryaha, siinta electrons ka heer tamarta dibadda.

Beddelidda guryaha

Iyada oo sii kordhaya eb beryllium asaasiga ah, magnesium iyo macdanaha dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay kor loogu qaado guryaha macdan ah ay, tan iyo markii uu jiro korodh in gacan ka mid ah atamka ay. Ka fiirso guryaha jirka ah oo ka mid ah macdanaha xumadoodu-dhulka. Beryllium waa in gobolka caadiga ah waa bir bir ah luster cawlan. Waxay leedahay daaqaddii cufan hexagonal crystal. In xiriir la oxygen, beryllium si degdeg ah u sameeyaan filim xabagta ah, taasoo ay falcelin, sameeyey daahan Matt.

guryaha jirka

Magnesium sida walax fudud waa bir cad la xirrira daahan xabagta hawada. Waxay leedahay daaqaddii crystal hexagonal.

guryaha jirka ah calcium dhulka xumadoodu Biraha, barium, strontium la mid ah. Waxay wakiil biraha caadiga ah la isdiyaarintiisana silvery, daboolo sarkhaansan oxygen hawada film hurdi. At calcium iyo strontium fool-xuddun u daaqaddii cubic, barium uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka jirka xuddun u ah.

xumadoodu Chemistry dhulka biraha ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in ay leeyihiin nooca macdan ah ee xiriirka ah. Taasi waa sababta ay gartaa conductivity korontada iyo kuleyl aad u sareeya. The heerkulka of barafku iyo karaya dhibcood ka badan in ka mid ah macdanaha alkali weyn.

Hababka diyaarinta

wax soo saarka beryllium heer warshadeed waxaa lagu fuliyaa by yareynta fluoride biraha. xaaladda socodka reaction kiimikada waa preheating ah.

Marka la eego in nooca birta dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay yihiin foomka xeryahooda, waayo, magnesium, strontium, calcium electrolysis anshaxa ee dhalaalayaa ee cusbada ay.

kiimikaad

guryaha Chemical oo ka mid ah macdanaha dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku xiran yihiin baahida loo qabo in la baabi'iyo ka hor ay dusha ah lakabka film xabagta. Waxaa go'aamisa tiiro oo ka mid ah macdanaha biyaha. Calcium, barium, strontium, marka diri ee biyaha si ay u sameeyaan hydroxides isagoo kaga hadlay guryaha ee aasaasiga ah.

guryaha Chemical oo ka mid ah macdanaha dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay u qaadan in ay la dhexgalo oxygen. Si aad wax soo saarka dareen-celin ah waxaay sheegayaan barium waa, waayo, dhammaan oxides kale la aasaasay ka dib markii fal-celin. Dhammaan xubnaha class this of oxides muujiyaan guryaha aasaasiga ah, kaliya xabagta beryllium guryaha sifo amphoteric.

guryaha Chemical oo ka mid ah macdanaha dhulka cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku muujisan yihiin iyo in reaction la baaruud, halogeen, nitrogen. Marka falcelinta la kala diridda ah acid ah walxahaasi uu arkay. Marka la eego in beryllium la xidhiidho xubno amphoteric, waa ay awoodaan in ay kiimikaad fal la alkalis.

reactions tayo

qaaciidooyinka aasaasiga ah ee biraha dhulka xumadoodu, viewed ee koorsada of chemistry imanba la xidhiidha cusbada. Si ay u aqoonsadaan xubnaha class this isku dhafan oo xubno kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa go'aanka tayo. Marka aad codsanayso cusbadii dhulka xumadoodu biraha raacday ololkii meesha khamriga-laambad, xayd olol arkay siifilisku. waxbarashada strontium siinayaa cado mugdi ah cas, waxbarashada calcium ah - orange iyo cagaar waxbarashada barium midab.

Si loo garto waxbarashada barium loo isticmaalo anions falanqaynta sulfate tayo. Sidaas darteed cadaanyo this sulfate cad barium taas oo ah beelaya in acids macdanta.

Radium waa element a shucaaca ka kooban ee dabiiciga ah oo tiro yar. Marka ficil magnesium la ogsijiin, waxaa jira flash cajiib ah. Nidaamkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in muddo ah inta aad qaadanaysid sawirada inaan meelo gudcur ah. Haddaba bedeli flash magnesium ku yimid nidaamka korontada. Qoyska uu ka Biraha dhulka xumadoodu loola jeedaa beryllium, kaas oo ka jawaabay kiimikooyin badan. Calcium iyo aluminium magnesium Sidoo kale, soo kaban karo Biraha dhif ah sida titanium, tungsten, molybdenum iyo niobium. Nidaamkan waa mid loogu talagalay Biraha helo gudbiyo kaltsietermiey iyo magnietermiey.

Features of codsiga

Waa maxay isticmaalka Biraha dhulka xumadoodu? Calcium iyo magnesium waxaa loo isticmaalaa saarta Alloys iftiinka iyo biraha dhif.

Tusaale ahaan, magnesium waxaa ku jira sideeda ee duralumin, iyo calcium - a Alloys hogaanka qayb loo isticmaalo si ay u diyaariyaan Fiiddeeda ah cable iyo saa'idka abuuraya. Si ballaaran u isticmaali dhulka biraha cawaaqib xumadoodu waxay ku tahay qaab oxides. lime cabbid (calcium xabagta) iyo gubo magnesium (xabagta magnesium) ayaa looga baahan yahay qeybta dhismaha.

In falcelinta ee xabagta calcium biyo la sii daayo tiro aan yareyn oo kulaylka. lime cabbid (calcium hydroxide) waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhismaha. ganaax cad oo ah walaxda (caano lime) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry sonkorta ee geedi socodka isdaahirinta oo casiir dabocase.

Cusbada biraha kooxda labaad

cusbada ee magnesium, beryllium, macdanaha dhulka xumadoodu in loo diyaar garoobo laga yaabaa in ay dareen-celin la acids oo ka mid ah oxides kala. Chlorides, fluorides, iodides xogta xubno ka yihiin xeryahooda crystalline cad, guud ahaan si fiican L. biyo. Ka mid ah sulfates leeyihiin milmi magnesium iyo xarunta beryllium kaliya. Dhawrno oo aynu hoos ka beryllium cusbada si sulphate barium. Carbonates waa ficil beelaya biyo ah ama aad qabto milmi yar.

Sulfides xubno dhulka xumadoodu ku jira xaddi yar ee biraha culus. Haddii aad ku soo dirtay inuu iftiinka, waxaad ka heli kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo midabo. Sulfides waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay walxuhu ifaya, loo yaqaan phosphors. Codso midabada, kuwaas oo ay u abuuraan dials iska Ifto Yuuna, calaamadaha taraafiga.

xeryahooda Common biraha dhulka xumadoodu

carbonate Calcium waa element ugu badan dusha dhulka ee. Waa qayb ka mid ah xeryahooda sida nuuradda, marmar, aan nuurad lahayn waa. iyaga ka mid ah, isticmaalka aasaasiga ah waa nuuradda. macdanta Tani waa lagama maarmaan in dhismaha, waxaa loo arkaa ah dhagax dhismaha fiican. Waxaa intaa dheer, xeryahooda jooga quicklime imanba iyo lime cabbid, dhalooyinka iyo cement.

Isticmaalka quruurux nuuradda kordhinayaan in waddada, laakiin sababta oo ah budada ah waxay yarayn kartaa ashitada ee ciidda. nuurad lahayn Dabiiciga waa qolof ah xoolaha ugu da'da weyn. Xarunta Tani waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda of caag, warqad, la abuuro midabyada dugsiga.

baahida marmar ka injineero, sculptors. Waxaa la sameeyey marmar ah la abuuray shuqullo badan oo gaar ah ee Michelangelo. Qayb ka mid ah saldhigyada of metro Moscow la damacsan la dusiyeen marmar ah. carbonate Magnesium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tiro badan ee soo saaridda lebenkii, sibidhka, galaas. Waxaa loo baahan yahay in industry ee qodniinka- eedda ka mid ah dhagaxa weyn qashinka.

sulfate calcium ku jira si dabiici ah ee foomka of gypsum (crystalline sulphate calcium) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry dhismaha. In daawada, xarunta waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee wasakhahaasi, iyo in ay soo saaraan faashado gypsum.

Qotontay (hemihydrat gypsum) by reaction biyo ka xoreeyso xaddi weyn ee kulaylka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in industry.

Epsom cusbo (magnesium sulfate), loo isticmaalo sida calool jilciye ee daawo. walax Tani waxay leedahay dhadhan qadhaadh, waxaa la helay in loogu aaso.

"Boorash Barite" (barium sulfate) ma aha L. biyo. Taasi waa sababta cusbo this loo isticmaalo in raajada. Salt haya X-rays in lagu ogaan karaa cudurrada mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka.

Halabuurka The dhagaxa phosphate (dhagax weyn) iyo phosphate calcium waa apatite. Waxay u baahan yihiin in ay soo saaraan xeryahooda calcium: oxides, hydroxides.

Calcium ciyaara noolaha muhiimad gaar ah ku nool. Waa bir tani waa lagama maarmaanka u ah dhisidda lafaha lafaha. udhigo Calcium waxaa looga baahan yahay sixitaanka ee wadnaha, la kordhiyo xinjirowga dhiigga. La'aanta waxaa ka mid ah keena cillad ka mid ah habka dareemayaasha jirka, luminta xinjirowga, oo luma awoodda si caadi ah u dhiibi sii noocyo kala duwan oo alaabta.

Si looga fogaado dhibaatooyin caafimaad, maalin kasta waa in baabbi'iyee ku saabsan 1.5 grams oo kaalshiyam ah. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee been in xaqiiqda ah in jirka uu u nuugo 0,06 garaam oo calcium wax cuno 1 garaam oo ah baruurta. Lacagta ugu badan ee biraha ku jira salaar, dhir, jiis, cheese.

gunaanad

Dhamaan wakiilada kooxda labaad ee miiska wareegsan ee koox hoosaadka ugu muhiimsan ee loo baahan yahay nolosha iyo shaqada ee nin casriga ah. Tusaale ahaan, magnesium saameeyaan ka mid ah hababka dheefshiidka ee jirka. Waa in la joogo in dareemayaasha jirka unugyada, dhiig, lafaha, beerka. Magnesium waa qaybgale firfircoon oo photosynthesis ee dhirta, maadaama ay qayb ka mid ah chlorophyll yahay. lafaha Human ku saabsan mid ka mid-shanaad ee culayska guud jira. Taasi waxay ka kooban calcium iyo magnesium. Oxides, cusbada dhulka biraha xumadoodu helay codsiyada kala duwan in industry ee dhismaha, pharmaceutics iyo daawo.