Hetman - calaamad u ah Ukraine

The hetman dhaqan taariikheed - taliye millatari oo ku hogaamiyay koox gaar ah oo ciidamada iyo ciidankiisii oo dhan. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee ilaha erayga "Hetman" waxaa ku xusan ee la xidhiidha fallaago Hussite ee Czech Republic. In Poland, eraygan waxa loo adeegsaday iyadoo 1503 ka, waxa uu ahaa taliyaha ciidamada qalabka sida boqornimada.

Hetmans sida madaxda siyaasadda

Iyada oo inta badan hetman Ukraine sababa wax caynkaas ah sida "halganka xoreynta dadka Yukreeniyaan" ka dhanka ah Dawlada dhexe. Taariikhda qoondaysnaa of title this ee Ukraine uu yahay mid aad u xiiso badan. Lid ku ah ururka taariikhiga ah, xididana in Hetman - this la sifaynayo waa taliye ka mid ah Cossacks iyo gobolka Hetman, markii ugu horeysay ee horyaalka si rasmi ah uu ahaa Bogdan Khmelnitsky ee 1648.

Ka dib markii Midowgii Lublin ee 1596 ee Poland, dib u habaynta ah dawlada hoose ka dhacay, sida uu sheegay oo mid kasta oo ka mid ah gobollada boqortooyada lahaa taliye u gaar ah, loo yaqaan hetman ah. Tani waa sheekada ah ee horyaalka "hetman Yukreeniyaan."

The guulihii militari ee Zaporozhian ah

La hadal ah oo ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah hawl muhiim ah Hetman rasmi ah set for the King of Poland ee Ukraine, ma u qalantaa. Waxaa ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta, military iyo dhaqanka oo caan ah 16-17 qarniyo jirin Hetman rasmi ah. Cossack Hetman jidh qayb ka mid ah waxgaradka kii is-tixgelin si xor ah uga Dhexe. Cossacks The nafteena dhigay hawlaha dhowr ah:

• dagaal ka dhan ah Sidukiinta Polish, kaas oo ku xiran beeralayda qiime (panschina, Abaal Marintooda Sugan, iwm ...);
• halganka ka dhanka ah cadowga dibadda (Krymskoe Hanstvo iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda).

The 16-ugu caansan hetman Cossack dabayaaqadii qarnigii 17aad iyo horraantii ahaayeen Krzysztof Kosiński, Severin Nalivaiko iyo Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. Dadkani waxay ku arkay horumarinta fursad Cossacks dhab ah in ay ogaadaan rabitaanka dadka Ukraine si ay u noqdaan madax bannaan iyo, Sidaa darteed, ay gobolka u gaar ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay si cad u fahmaan kakanaanta ee habkan. Hababka ugu weyn ee halgankii ahaayeen ololaha milatari iyo caasinimo. The ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa kacdoonkii ee 1591-1596 sano. Waqtigaas, ee qalimaan Cossack ahaayeen kuwo aad u dhiirranow, laakiin weli ma ku qalabaysan hub, sidaas gaaray dhowr guul darro in dagaalo waaweyn. At dhibaato la mid ah Nin sharaf leh waxay keeni kartaa badan. Waxa ay ahayd ka dib, kuwaas oo ifbixii Rzeczpospolita edeb nidaamka dawladda hoose, soo bandhigid booska rasmiga ah ee Hetman. Cossacks safarada dibadda xusid mudan Moscow ee 1602, iyo sidoo kale weeraro dhowr ah oo halis ah ka gees ah Turkigu, Ukraine ayaa muujiyey in ay soo horjeeda aad u xoog badan.

hetman Khmelnitsky

Bogdan Zinovy Khmelnitsky waxa uu ku dhashay 1596. Waxa uu helay waxbarasho wanaagsan dugsiga walaashiis Kiev ee. La iibiyo waa in Khmelnitskiy Subotove, meel u dhow magaalada Chigirin (casri ah gobolka Cherkassy ee Ukraine). Isna wuxuu u adeegay in xerada oo ka mid ah Cossacks diiwaangashan, ka qaybqaatay dagaalka kula Spain, qaaday qalcadda ee Dunkirk ee France. Laakiin howlgalka aasaasiga ah ee nolosha Khmelnitsky sameeyaa muddada u dhaxaysa 1648 in 1654 intii lagu jiray dagaalka xoreynta qaranka ka dhanka ah Dawlada dhexe. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo sano Hetman - a military iyo hogaamiye siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah ciidamada in la diriray Dhexe. Dagaalka ka dhanka ah dalka Poland helayna guulo kala maray. dagaal Successful ahaa guga ee 1648 at Yellow Waters iyo Korsun.

Madaxda Polish u caddaatay in ay la soo horjeeda xoog looga qabto. Xilliga xagaaga of 1648 Ciidamada Yukreeniyaan weeraray guryaha Polish. Tirada askarta in ciidammadii reer Khmelnitsky kordhay 30 000 oo qof. In guga ee 1648 wuxuu ahaa dagaal ku guuleystay of pyliavtsi. In sano ee ku xiga, wuxuu la dirirayay at Zbarazh iyo Berestechko. natiijada ugu weyn ee hawlaha Bogdana Hmelnitskogo waxaa biiray dalalkii Yukreeniyaan in Russia ee 1654 ee Pereyaslav.

Ivan Mazepa - Hetman

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Mazepa ka 1687 si ay u 1709 waxa loo qaybin karaa 2 qaybood. Ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii Waqooyi Hetman lahaa xiriir aad u wanaagsan la Peter Weyn. hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee Mazepa in muddo this, si ay faa'iido u ah dadka, u muuqday in horumarinta dhaqanka iyo cibaadaysi (dhismaha kaniisadda). Muddada labaad (1700 in 1709) waxay muujisay in Mazepa - Hetman, fekerayo madaxbanaanida dalka ee. Perigee ee dareenka sida ayaa noqotay heshiiska hetman Yukreeniyaan la Karl Swedish Boqorka XII. muujinta A of union this ahaa ka qaybgalka ciidamada huwanta Mazepa iyo Sweden ee dagaalka Poltava ka dhanka ah ciidamada Peter.

hetman Ukraine, dabcan, ma xalin kari lahaa su'aasha ah ee madax banaanida buuxa ee dalka, laakiin waxaa jiray midnimada dadyowga xigaalkayaga - Russia iyo Belarusians. Hetman - qof iskuna soo himilooyinka qaranka ee dadka Ukraine. Waxa ay ahayd la dhalashada of Hetman xoojiyey dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta dalka reer Ukraine oo casri ah.