Henry G. Yagoda, oo madax ka ah NKVD ah: Biography

Genrikh Yagoda ahaa Dadka commissar Arimaha Gudaha ee USSR ee 1934-1936 GG. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa "Aabayaashii" ee gulag Stalin ee, iyo qabanqaabiyaha repressions mass ee muddada ka noqday. Inta lagu guda jiro cabsi weyn, wuxuu ka mid ah dhibanayaasha NKVD ahaa. Berry lagu eedeeyay basaasnimo iyo afgembi iyo ugu danbeyn lagu toogtay.

sanadaha hore

Genrikh Yagoda ka Polish Yuhuudda yimid. Magaciisa dhabta ah - Enoch Gershevich Yehuda. Kacaanka waxa uu ku dhashay November 19, 1891 in Rybinsk - magaalo oo ku yaalla gobolka Yaroslavl ah. Kaliya bilo yar ka dib dhalashada ilmaha qoyska u dhaqaaqay Nizhny Novgorod.

Henry G. Berry waxaa la xiriira Bolshevik kale si fiican u yaqaan - Yakov Sverdlov, yimaado si uu adeer labaad. awowayaashoodu ahaayeen ha u shaqeeyay ee madbacadaha iyo stamps odayga iyo shaabadihiisa in kacaan isticmaalo been. Heinrich lahaa shan Walaalo ah oo laba walaalo ah. Qoyskiisa ku noolaa saboolnimada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wiilka (dib kale) ka gymnasium Simbirsk qalin.

Isteroberiga daabacaadda The - Bolsheviks Sverdlov ahayd heer aad u kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, inay la soo wareegto ilaa Nikolay Semashko - Lenin ee commissar caafimaad ee mustaqbalka. Nizhny Novgorod ayaa sidoo kale ku dhashay ee Maksima Gorkogo (ay saaxiibbo bay noqdeen Henry ka hor kacaanka).

"Guumays"

Munaasabadan ayaa muhiim ah, ka dib markii taas oo si qoto dheer bedelay nolosha wiil, wuxuu ahaa dilka walaalkiis ka weyn Michael. Dareenkan, Henry G. Berry ahaa la mid ah Lenin. Michael jabsaday Cossacks inta lagu jiro 1905 kacaanka. Masiirka murugo sugayay walaalkiinnii kale, Leo. Waxa uu helay call ee ciidankii reer Kolchak, iyo in 1919 waxaa la dilay ka qaybqaadatay kacdoonkii in uu guutada. Laakiin waxay ahayd dhimashada Michael, ku dhacay noqon on xidhay ee Henry kacaan sameeyey.

Koritaanka, Berry sida qaswadayaasha-communists noqday ku lug leh hawlaha kacaan sharci-darrada ah. ciidamada baliiska ee Royal isaga loo yaqaan "Sychom" iyo "kelida ah" (la nooca dabataagan oo aan lala hadlo ah).

In 1911, ee Kacaanka gaaray Moscow. On tilmaamaha of saaxiibo uu u qabay in la dhiso xiriirka dadka sida maskax maxalliga ah iyo caawin in ururka dhac bangiga. Hureen in shirqool ah, Shacabka mustaqbalka ee commissar Arimaha Gudaha ee USSR ah, ku dhacday gacanta booliska galay. In dareen, waxa uu ahaa nasiib. Waxaan ka shakisan tahay ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa helay waraaqo been abuur ah oo kaliya. Sida nin Yuhuudi ah, wuxuu iska fasax la'aan ee Moscow helay, sharciga ah oo midabka ah Dejinta jejebiyey. Berry waxaa la isku dayay oo lagu xukumay laba sano oo dibad joog ku Simbirsk.

In St. Petersburg

In 1913, a cafis siyaasadeed oo sal ballaadhan ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in sharaf of guuradii 300aad ee guri ammaan Romanov ee Russia. Thanks iyada inay, wax yar ka hor Berry qudhiisu xorriyad helay. Link si Simbirsk dhamaaday iyo kacaan si sharci ah u dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg. Waayo, kanu, wuxuu si rasmi ah u diidnay Yuhuudda iyo diinta Asalraacnimadu (oo midabka ah Dejinta ku shaqeeya by confessionalism halkii sal qaran).

Henry G. Berry iyo diinta waxba u qaban lahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida waafaqsan sharciga uu Xaq u lahayn in ay diin laawe ah oo kaliya sidaas u tageen inay laabta Kiniisada Orthodox Church ee.

In St. Petersburg, Berry kulmay Nikolai Podvoisky, ka dib markii kacaanka, wuxuu noqday commissar dadka ugu horeysay ee ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida. Thanks to ay gargaarka kacaan bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo waaxda caymiska ee warshad Putilov ah. Podvoisky sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa walaalkiis-KGB Arbuzov oo kedar ah, oo uu furay uu isku horfadhiyaan, aduunyo cusub ee fursadaha.

In 1915, Henry G. Berry waxaa la qoray ciidanka Imperial, ka dibna u tageen inay hore ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Wuxuuna u kacay inuu darajo ee jirka, laakiin waxaa isaga loo dhaawacay oo waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan soo saaray. In 1916, Henry in Petrograd soo laabtay.

Revolution iyo Cheka ah

Ka dib markii Revolution February ee Berry shaqeeyay wargeyska "Miyiga saboolka ah" iyo "Soldier run ee." In xagaagii 1917, uu ku biiray xisbiga Bolshevik ah. Later wuxuu la jiifsan doonaa, oo iyaga ku soo biiray ka dib 1907, laakiin taasi waxaa beeniyay by cilmiga taariikhyahanadu sheekooyin.

Waqtiga dhacdooyinka October Berry ahaa ee qarada waaweyn oo wax ku Petrograd. In 1918, ayaa mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee-Cheka OGPU wuxuu bilaabay. First, sarkaal ammaanka ka shaqeeya kormeerka ciidamada. Markaas qaraabo Sverdlov iyo Dzerzhinsky isaga wareejiyo Moscow.

Sidaas Henry G. Berry ahaa ee Qaybta Gaarka ah. Waxa uu ahaa gaar ahaan dhow la Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Markii uu dhintay, Dzerzhinsky, tan dambe ayaa madax ka Cheka-OGPU, Yagoda oo noqday ku xigeenka. Waxaa intaa dheer, la bilawga fuule nasiib sare cudurka ka soo baxaa maamulka dhabta ah ee hay'adaha fulinta sharciga.

dakhliga su'aal

Xataa 1919-1920. Berry ka soo shaqeeyay ee Commissariat ee Arrimaha Dibedda, Ganacsiga. Waxaa uu aasaasay wada shaqeyn faa'iido leh saraakiisha ammaanka jiito Aleksandrom oo bilaabay si ay u helaan guddi ka tanaasulaad shisheeye. Labada nin kulligood wada qaaday jiifay in xun. Waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in Shacabka Commissariat ee Arrimaha Dibedda, Ganacsiga tan iyo aasaaskeeda ula xiriira Cheka ah. masuuliyiinta ammaanka dadweynaha wareegeen qiimaha leh, iyo wakaaladda iibinta Lurie ee nooca dibadda lacag adag.

Henry G. Yagoda, kuwaas oo Biography ku hadla waxaa ka mid ah sidii nin qoto dheer u hunguri weyn iyo hunguri weyn, dareen this, wuxuu ahaa sicad uga duwan mabda'a Dzerzhinsky iyo Menzhinsky. Musuqmaasuqa Chekist jeclaa Stalin. Markii ugu soo noqdo oo ka mid ah 20-30-mada. diriray reer awoodda kaliya, ayuu diiwaan taageerada berry. Midkoodna mid toona kale uu ka lumo. Berry saaray ninka ugu danbeyn noqday kaligii taliye, iyo Stalin ogaayeen Isteroberiga sumcad been abuur hadda ay awoodaan in ay hanjabaad, dalbanayaan daacad.

Madaxa iyo commissar

Inkastoo ay uga go'an tahay in ay hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti hoose, xiriirkooda si dhib la odhan karaa haboon. In ka 1920 daahay, Stalin guud ahaan ahayd arrin qabow Berry, sida bacdi siiyo Yakov Sverdlov, iyo inta u dhaxaysa Sverdlov iyo Stalin iyo xataa tan dibadda ah tan iyo wakhtigii turukhanskoy tixraaca dareemay xiisad u dareemi. Paper sarkaalka amniga sare qoreen si taxadir leh, haddii aan ka cabsan.

Dhibaatada A xun berry ka dib abuuritaanka talisnimada Stalin wuxu ahaa wuxuu sir jir ah Bukharin. xataa wuxuu ku xusan madaxa GPU sida hal askari oo ammaan, aad ku tashan karaan in halganka ka dhanka Stalin. Isla mar ahaantaana tuurina Berry saftay fulinta amarada, dadaalkaas iyo dhaqanka doonaya in ay sameeyaan wax kasta oo askari dambi. Stalin helay nin kale si isku mid firfircoon iyo fulinta ee NKVD wax yar uun sano. Waxaa soo baxay si ay u Nikolai Yezhov. Laakiin ee da'da hore Stalin daruuri gaaray Berry iyo dhistaa shaqada isaga la.

Dadka commissar Arimaha Gudaha

Berry u baahnaydeen erudition Menzhinsky iyo isweyneyn Dzerzhinsky. Waxa uu mar yaase isku tilmaamay mid "Hay'adda a on silsilad." In shirkadda of saaxiibo inta lagu guda jiro cabniinka culus uu ineptly jeclaaday akhriya gabayada, laakiin waxa uu u baahnaydeen talantigii hal abuur leh. warqado Private Isteroberiga ayaa qooyay expressionless iyo qallayl. In caasimadda, waxa uu ahaa sirgaxan oo had iyo jeer ka masayreen madaxda xisbiga ee gobolka in ka badan la safeeyey iyo dabacsan. Laakiin waxaa si hufan waa sida nin in muddo ah Stalin saaray kormeeraan saraakiisha ammaanka dalka oo dhan.

In 1934, Ehelu cusub ee Commissariat of NKVD iyo Dadka commissar Arimaha Gudaha ee Berry USSR ayaa sidoo kale helay hanataan Security weyn ee State waxaa la abuuray. Waxa uu hogaaminayo mashiinka gobolka cadaadis dheeraad ah oo ku baxda in Stalin waxaa isku diyaarinaya xilli ciyaareedka cusub ka dhanka ah soo horjeeda ee uu taliska.

In uu awoodda cusub Berry ku hawlan Abuuridda iyo ururka shaqada ee Gulag ah. Midowga Soofiyeeti muddo gaaban daboolay network ee xeryaha, oo waxay noqdeen qayb muhiim ah nidaamka dhaqaale ee Stalin iyo mid ka mid ah matoorada ee warshadaynta degdegsiimada. Under hoggaanka toos ah commissar Dadka sameeyay dhismaha weyn Gulag ee wakhtigaas - dhismaha Sea-Baltic White ee Canal. Si aad u saxdo view fikradeed ee horumar Berry abaabulay safarka Maksima Gorkogo. By habka, Dadka commissar qoraaga ka qayb qaatay soo celinta in Midowga Soofiyeeti (ka hor inta uusan ku noolaa jasiiradda Talyaaniga ku taalla ee Capri dhowr sano).

Berry on xiriirka la qora workshop shishaysa. Sida madaxa booliska siyaasadeed, sida xaqiiqada ah isagu raaceen daacad ah waxgaradka hal abuur leh si xoog. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu qabay Ida Berry L. Auerbach. Walaalkeed Leopold mid ka mid ah ugu baahinayaa of dhaleecayn iyo qorayaasha ka mid ah uu mar ahaa. At Ida iyo Henry lahaa wiil keliya - sidoo kale Henry (ama Garik, sida waxaa loo bixiyey in qoyska lagu). Wiil The waxa uu ku dhashay 1929. Commissar Dadka jecel yahay shirkadda of qorayaasha, fannaaniin iyo fanaaniinta. Way ka wada cabbeen jinni oo wanaagsan, oo leh dumar qurux hadlay, ka dibna waxaa jiray hab nololeed, ku saabsan oo uu ku riyooday sarkaalka amniga.

Waxaa jiray at Isteroberiga iyo xirfad fashilaad. Tusaale ahaan, waxa uu ahaa kii loo ogol yahay madaxa hore ee booliska Saarka Lopuchin inay France tagaan. Waxa uu noqday goostay a. In 20-30th stably sii kordhaya tirada soo goostay. Stalin shiidaa kiis kasta waa infuriating. Waxa uu berry dayacaad canaantay, xitaa haddii mid carcarara ma aqoon wax kasta oo gaar ah oo ahaa caqliga caadiga ah.

hab of khatar

In 1935, Berry heshay horyaalka cusub, in ka hor inta qofna ayaa habboon. Haddaba isagu wuxuu yaqaan "Guddoomiyaha Guud ee Security Dadweynaha." Kaasi waxa uu ahaa mudnaanta gaar ah ee ay calaamad u gaar ah raallinimo Stalin ee.

Hogaamiyaha Soviet sida weligiis u baahan tahay adeegyada madaxa istaagay Addoonkii NKVD ah. In 1936 Moscow marti habka ugu horeysay. At this xaakin maxkamad show shurako jir Stalin ee Bolshevik xisbiga Zinoviev iyo Kamenev ah.

Under jaraa'id ee hit cadaadis iyo kacaan kale, kuwaas oo isku mar si toos ah la soo shaqeeyay Lenin iyo ma la xidhiidhaan ay silciya sida mid amar ah kama taagna. Mid ka mid ah dadkan ayaa ahaa Mikhail Tomsky. Wuxuu dulqadan maxkamadda iyo is. Qoraalka ayaa lagu faray in Stalin, waxa uu ku tilmaamay in ay Berry ee dareenka sidoo kale in uu iska lahaa xisbiga mucaaradka ah, in ka badan taas oo waqti iyo samayn rabshado. Commissar Dadka uu halis ku dhimanaya.

xiraan

In dayrta ee 1936, Berry helay shaqo cusub oo noqday madaxa Dadka Commissariat of Communications. dharbaaxo kama dambaysta ah waxa ay ku saabsan dib ayaa loo dhigay. Opal waxa uu noqday a sugidda hareen dheer. In kasta oo u qaadidda dusha ka post ee Dadka commissar Arrimaha Gudaha iyo u doortay inay ka post kale u ekaa iyo sida dhacdooyinka ee xirfadiisa guul, waa dhif Berry oo aan fahmi waayey waxa soo socda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu Laabta diiddaan oo Stalin ku heshiiyeen in ay shaqo cusub.

The People ayaa Commissariat of Communications khasaarahanaga sarkaal KGB yara joogay. Bilowga ee 1937 ayaa laga badiyay iyo this post. Waxaa intaa dheer, commissar ku xasuuqday reebo madaxda sare ee CPSU ah (b) ay. At billood ka February ee golaha dhexe, ayuu si xun lagu dhaleeceeyay failure uu waaxda.

March 28, Yagoda la xiray ku keceen dhawaan isaga u gaar ah. Weerarkii xukuumadda shalay faqiirsan samadu uu hogaaminayo New Dadka commissar of NKVD ku Nikolay Ezhov. Labadani, in kasta oo ay iska soo horjeeda u gaar ah, waxay bilaabeen taariikhda mid ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah tirooyinka. Taasi Yezhov iyo Yagoda ahaayeen dambiilayaasha dhabta ah ee baaxad weyn oo cadaadis Stalin ee 1930.

Intii lagu guda jiray raadinta ah ee la xidhiidha commissar saaray helay suugaanta Trotskyist Reebay. Wax yar ka raaceen dulmay ee basaasnimo, shirqoolka dilka ah ee Stalin ee qorsheyneysa inqilaab. Baadhitaanka ayaa lala Berry la Trotsky, Bukharin iyo Rykov - dadka naftooda kuwa, kii uu dhibaateeyay dhawaan si firfircoon uga lulmado. dhagarta ayaa lagu qeexay sida a "Trotskyist-faashistihii '. By soo oogay ayaa ku biiray by asxaabta dilka Isteroberiga - .. Yacquub Agranov Semyon in Aabihiis, Leonid Zakovsky Stanislav Redens Fedor Eyhmans, iwm oo kulligoodna waxaa lagu gartaa eedaysanaha sida qof aan istaahilin oo xadidan, ka soo horjeeda waxa ay aqoon iyo mabda 'Menzhinsky.

Xaaska Isteroberiga xanuunsaday cadaadis. Waxa ugu horreeya ee ay ahayd mid laga eryay shaqada ee xafiiska Xeer-ilaalinta, ka dibna lagu qabtay sidii cadow oo kale oo ka mid ah dadka xubin ka tirsan qoyska. Auerbach tagaan oo ay la socdaan wiilkiisii, oo hooyadiis ayaa musaafuriyay Orenburg. Soon naagtii ayaa la toogtay.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Berry ayaa lagu eedeeyay dilka Maksima Peshkova - wiilkiisa Maksima Gorkogo (dhab ahaantii wuxuu u dhintay pneumonia). xasuuqii ka dhacay eedeeyay ay sabab u tahay arimo shaqsiyadeed. Berry ahaa runtii jacayl la Hope Peshkov - carmal ah Maxim. Dilka ayaa sidoo kale ku eedeeyay xoghayaha sare qoraaga Soviet Petra Kryuchkova.

toogashada

heshiis berry qayb ka mid ah geeddi-socodka guud ee Moscow saddexaad (si rasmi ah waxaa loo yaqaannaa habka of anti-Soviet "garabka ee Xuquuqda iyo Trotskyites") ahaa. maxkamad Public lagu qabtay guga ee 1938. Waxaa socda olole ay dowladda badan oo dacaayad ah ee warbaahinta. wargeysyada The D. daabacay warqado furan si kala duwan ee bulshada iyo dadka caadiga ah, kaas oo ay ku tilmaamay xadgudbayaasha iyadoo la siinayo in ay toogtaan "sida eeyaha waalan" iyo wixii la mid ah.

Berry weydiistay (iyo codsiga loo siiyey) in su'aasha ah ee xiriirka uu la leeyahay Nadezhda Peshkova iyo dil of Maksima Peshkova loo arkaa in hab gaar ah kulan gaar ah. dhacdooyin muhiim ah oo ay basaasnimo iyo khiyaamo si cad u wada hadleen. Berry su'aalo ah xeer iyo xeer Andrei Vyshinsky - ninkii ka mid ah tijaabooyin Moscow.

March 13, 1938 eedaysanaha lagu helo dembiga iyo isaga lagu xukumay dil. Dhagno nolosha, Berry qoray warqad codsi ah waayo-turid la'aan. Waxaa la soo diiday. March 15 hore Dadka commissar ee Arrimaha Gudaha ee tallaalka. Si ka duwan ee eedaysanayaasha kale ee geedi socodka, Berry ayaa lagu dayactirey.