Khubad wakiilada anticholinesterase. Waa maxay anticholinesterases?

on neurons karsado gudbinta waxaa bixiya walxaha gaar ah - dhexdhexaadiyayaal. Mid ka mid ah neurotransmitter waa acetylcholine. wakiilada Kuwanu, halka synapses ah, saamayn xuubka unug ka keenaya ay Iscelin ama kicinta iyo keenaysa saamayn kala duwan. neurotransmitter The xad-dhaaf ah ku dhegay by ensaymes gaar ah.

daroogada Anticholinesterase: Tilmaamo iyo ujeedooyin

By daawooyinka anticholinesterase waa kuwa in la xakameeyo cholinesterase eulayska. enzyme Cuskada Tani by hydrolysis ee acetylcholine neurotransmitter ah, taas oo gudbiya karsado ee nugul darina synapses dareemayaasha parasympathetic, ganglia, iyo in dhan fiiloyin degaaankaaga. anticholinesterases ayaa loogu talagalay in kor loogu qaado tallaabo xaaladeed ee neurons acetylcholine, iyo kicinta ee qeybo ka mid ah habka dareemayaasha jirka. Isticmaalka daroogada, kuwaas oo saamayn ku shaqeeyo oo dhan.

anticholinesterases Action ay la mid tahay saamaynta kicinta ee dareemayaasha cholinergic. Daawooyinkan waxaa la macaamilaan goobta isla on hawlaha receptor dusha sare sida acetylcholine, oon ku abuuraya iman kara ficil of dhammaaneysa dareemaha. Cholinomimetics iyo wakiilada anticholinesterase yihiin, dhab ahaantii, koox ka mid ah walxaha pharmacological. Waxaa jira dhawr nooc oo daawo kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada iyo ytimaada garoomada. blockers Cholinesterase kala qaybsan yihiin karo iyo karin.

Ka dhigan tahay tallaabo karo

Anticholinesterases - diyaargarowga tallaabo karo waxaa ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee esters acid carbamic iyo aminoalcohols kala duwan ee. qayb Reaction xanibeen cholinesterase, waxa uu noqonayaa mid dhamaad acidic, kaas oo uu abuurayaa enzyme la Britain ayaa aad u deggan isgaarsiinta ka badan wixii la aasaasay by dhexgalka la acetylcholine. oo dhamaystiran Xarunta taasi dhacdo by hydrolysis muddo 3-4 saacadood ah.

Iyada oo la adeegsanayo saamayn anticholinesterase karo waa "galantamine", "physostigmine", "Neostigmine" (ama "Neostigmine"), "pyridostigmine," "oksazil", "rivastigmine", "edrophonium."

In phosphorous - a tallaabo karin walax

Daawooyinka ficil celin karin ee kooxda waxa ay kala yihiin xeryahooda organophosphorus ah. Waxyaabahani joogsada acetylcholinesterase muddo dheer. Fosfooraska, taas oo ah in ka kooban ee u taagoo ee foomamka xarunta xasiloon la eulayska, oo ku noolaan kartaa jidhka dhowr maalmood ama xataa toddobaad. Recovery baahan yahay acetylcholinesterase lacagta dhacdaa iyada oo loo marayo dhismaha taagoo cusub. Kooxdaan xeryahooda ku jira "phosphacol", "Armin", "trichlorfon", "Malathion", "dichlorvos" walxaha sunta ah, loo isticmaalo in koorsada hawlgallada milateri - sarin iyo Soman.

daroogada organophosphate aadka sun ah. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in nolol maalmeedka sida sunta cayayaanka, sumowga suurto gal by isticmaalkooda aan sax ahayn oo aan ilaalin doonaa tallaabooyin ammaanka.

Raadka anticholinesterase daroogada

At la mid ah oo u dhexeeya saamaynta in ay soo saaraan anticholinesterases jidhka, tilmaamo, waayo, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa gaar ah. Si aad u fiirsan saamayn la taaban karo marka ay maamusho gelin kartaa jidhka, tusaale ahaan, "neostigmine".

"Neostigmine" waxaa laga heli karaa ampoules ee foomka of xal 0.05% iyo subcutant durayaa ama faleebo. Marka mudaa dhiigga u fududeeyaa marinka of digir in gudbinta muruqyada iyo ganglia ee habdhiska ku autonomic. xaaladda bukaanka lagu muujiyey sida soo socota:

• ay sabab u tahay foosha ku muruqa wareeg of iris ardayga waxaa cidhiidhi ah;
• dhacdaa dabac hoyga, gashto qabanayaa qaab convex ay sabab u tahay nasashada Zinn xirmooyin diiradda lagu wadaa in uu masaafo dhow, awood u leh inay kala soocaan walxaha fog waxaa si wayn hoos;
• hoos u garaaca wadnaha,
• waxay kordhisaa waa ohyahay ee muruqyada siman ee xubnaha gudaha - mareenka, caloosha iyo mindhicirrada, ilmo galeenka, kaadi haysta,
• wanaajiyey foosha murqaha lafaha ugu wacan tahay marinka wanaagsanaaday ee falalkooda at synapses;
• dheecaan kordhay qanjidhada exocrine - dhididka, dhareerka, bronki, gastric.

codsiga

saamaynta waxay masuul ka yihiin adeegsiga kooxdan oo ah daroogada ee daawada xaaladaha kala duwan. wakiilada muujinaya anticholinesterase aan ku xaddidnayn cudurro gaar ah, tan iyo markii ay leeyihiin saamayn on habdhiska dhexe iyo durugsan, taasoo keenta saameyn guud ku shaqeeyo oo dhan. Inta badan waxay ku magacaabay xadgudub ku ah innervation iyo midab ah ee murqaha lafaha ama siman.

Tixgeli suurtagalnimada ee daaweynta la wakiilada anticholinesterase noqon kartaa tusaale ahaan ka mid ah "neostigmine". daawo Tani waa talaabo karo codsatay in laga daweeyay - cudur, shalalka, taasoo ku muuqata in itaaldarrada murqaha lafaha. Cudurku wuxuu teedu laftiisa marka hore hoos midab muruqyada wejiga, ka dibna daciifaan murqaha ee jirka qoorta, sare iyo hoose, xaaladaha daran, neefta ay sabab u tahay hawlgalka ku filneyn of diaphragm ka. "Neostigmine" falalka calaamadaha jidhka ka mid ah, soo celinta gudbinta falalkooda in gudbinta muruqyada, hagaajinta muruq iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa motor waxaa fududeeyey.

Sidoo kale, daroogada this waxaa la siiyaa muddada postoperative marka marinka dheef shiidka ama atony kaadi haysta kaadida. In indhaha u dhif ah ayaa la tilmaamay gulukooma si loo yareeyo cadaadiska intraocular. Sida antagonist ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in xad dhaafka ah ee dabcineyso muruqa iyo daroogada antidepolyarizuyuschego tallaabo. Mararka qaarkood "Neostigmine" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kicin foosha muruqa oo hawl daciif ah.

cudurka Alzheimer

Diyaargaraw tallaabo karo ayaa lagu isticmaalo cudurada habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha, waa ay adag tahay in la daweeyo. cudurka Alzheimers waxaa loo doortay "galantamine" - dhimirka ah ka tubers of snowdrops nooc Galantus helay ( "rivastigmine", aka "Exelon"), laakiin ugu daaweeyn wax ku ool ah u noqday "donepezil", in eegista blocks esterase acetylcholine ee synapses ee maskaxda iyo ku dhowaad wax saameyn ah kuma ay habdhiska durugsan.

sababo

Iyada oo ku saleysan saamaynta maandooriyayaasha cholinesterase tallaabo karo, sababo in ay u socdeenna yihiin qallalka, cudurka neefta, kog, cudurka Parkinson iyo xanuunada kala duwan ee nidaamka tabinta wadnaha.

Calaamadaha badinta iyo sumowga xanuun

Khubad anticholinesterases siiyaa calaamado si toos ah oo la xidhiidha kicinta-dhaafka ah ee receptors xasaasi u ah acetylcholine. Xaasaasi ku arkay, gaabis heerka wadnaha (bradycardia), dabac bronki iyo - sidaas awgeed - calaamadaha dyspnea hyperperistalsis mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka ilaa matag iyo shuban, kaadida oo soo noqnoqda. Tartiib tartiib hoos u cadaadiska dhiigga sida natiijo ah oo saamayn Fariin of dareemaha vagal ah. Dhici foosha qasan oo dhifasho murqaha lafaha iyo af sabab u cudurada tabinta in gudbinta muruqyada.

khubad FOS

Qofku cuno Organophosphorus xeryahooda keenaya sawir caafimaad oo la mid ah wakiilada sumowga tallaabada anticholinesterase karo. Astaamaha ka muuqan yaabaa in ay sabab u dhalaal sumoobo sare ee daroogada. Astaamaha sumowga heer degaaankaaga, waxaa lagu daraa saamaynta on heerka habdhiska dhexe - wareer, jaahwareer, neefsashada murugada.

xeryahooda Organophosphorus keeni a casiraad fiiqan, aragga indhaha oo isku darsamay, dyspnea, dhidid, matag aad u daran, caro - bukaanka bilaabo inuu argagixin, waxa uu noqonayaa mid dumis ah. Sababtoo ah dabac ku muruqa siman dareemay xanuun af in uu caloosha. Marka daraysa dhici casiraad, cadaadiska dhiigga dhaco, miyir-yeesho. Dhimashada laga yaabaa in ay dhacaan ay sabab u tahay curyaannimo ee xarunta neef mareenka.

calaamado la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay kiis oo khubad muscaria Amanita. Tan waxa u sabab ay content ee muscarinic - sun la tallaabo cholinomimetic.

Tallaabooyinka ay dhacdo in lagu sumoobo

daryeel caafimaad haddii qof sumoobo la wakiilada anticholinesterase yeelan karaan oo kaliya dhakhtar takhasus u leh. Xaaladahan, xal la soo bandhigay "Atropine" duray subcutaneous waxaa suurtagal ah inuu ku meeleeyo "Metacin" ama anticholinergics kale. loo baahan yahay in loo ilaaliyo neefsashada heerka ku haboon. waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tracheotomy, hawo farsamo iyo Oxygen.

Marka FOS sumowga qoyska aqoonsado ilaha sunta jirka gasha. Haddii walaxda ayaa daalaeday maqaarka, waxaa la raaciyaa 3-5 xal% soda ama biyo iyo saabuun. In kiiska halkaas oo daroogada ayaa daama, fuliyaan lavage gastric, enemas badan, siin adsorbents ama caloosha jilciya. Haddii xarunta organophosphorus uu waqti ay ku dhici ilaa xad ka weyn dhiiga, waxa lagu qoray diurez isticmaalka daroogada lagu durayo. Xaaladaha qaarkood, door biday in ay hababka dabaqii dhiigga by kelyaha iyo hemosorption.

Intaa waxaa dheer, in ay dhacdo FOS khubad magacaabay cholinesterase Reaktivatory, taas oo markii ay maamusho in saacadaha ugu horreeya ka dib markii sarkhaan soo celin kartaa ensaymes hor istaagay. Waxaa laga yaabaa in "Izonitrozin", "Trimedoksim", "Dipiroksim". Haddii cadaadiska dhiiggoodu ay sarrayso, symptomatically qoro daawooyinka antihypertensive. Xulasho waxaa la siiyaa kuwa aan saameeyaan habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. Iyada oo daciifisa of neefsashada lama filaan ah waa hawo ah si farsamaysan iyo oksijiin la siiyo.