The sifooyinka code hidaha iyo guud ahaan nidaamka DNA

Under code hidaha caadi fahamsan yahay sida nidaamka ah calaamado muujinaya meesha uu nucleotides isku xig xiga ee xeryahooda DNKa RNKa iyo taas oo u dhiganta nidaam kala duwan calaamad in bandhigayaa isku xigxiga ee xeryahooda amino acid ee Britain protein ah.

Tani waa muhiim!

Marka saynisyahano ah ay awoodaan in ay bartaan sifooyinka code hidaha, mid ka mid ah miday ugu weyn ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay. Haa, sida la yaab leh sida ay u muuqataa, dhammaan noolaha ku nool yihiin midoobeen hal, universal, code caadi ah hidde. Waxaa la aasaasay muddo waqti dheer, iyo habka la dhammeeyo oo ku saabsan 3.5 billion sano ka hor. Sidaas awgeed, in qaab dhismeedka of code ee la ogan karo raadadka ay horumar, ka aasaasay ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Marka aan ka hadlo isku xigxiga ee canaasiirta in code hidaha, taasoo la micno ah in aysan ahayn mid qasan, laakiin waxa uu leeyahay amar adag ku qeexan. Oo taasuna waa wax inta badan go'aamisa sifooyinka code hidaha. Tani waxay u dhigantaa meesha uu warqado iyo dhawaaqyada erayo. Waa in jebin amarka caadiga ah, iyo in ka badan waxa aan ku akhriyey buugaagta ama bogagga wargayska leexdo xagga shaqu heleen doqonimo.

The guryaha waaweyn ee code hidaha

Sida caadiga ah, code xambaartaa iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan macluumaad kasta encoded si gaar ah. Si loo fahmo macluumaadka ee xeerka hidde, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado sifooyinka kala.

Sidaas daraaddeed, sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee code hidaha - waa:

• triplet;
• shaqo ama degeneracy,
• aqonsado;
• sii;
• hore u soo sheegnay miday.

Ina keena aynu deggan guri kasta.

1. triplet

Xarunta Tani markii saddex nucleotides sameeyaan silsilad Daisy gudahood Britain ah nucleic acid ah (i.e. DNA ama RNA). Tani waxay abuurtaa triplet xarunta ama codon. codon Tani waxay baaq fashilayo mid ka mid ah acids amino ka helo meeshiisii in peptides silsiladda.

Kala codons (sidoo kale loo yaqaan erayo code) By ay xiriir serial iyo nooca ah xeryahooda ee nitrogen (nucleotides) ku jira ay ka kooban.

In genetics waxaa go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo 64 nooc codon. Waxay sameyn karaan isku-dar ah afar nooc oo nucleotides at 3 kasta. Dhismaha Tani waxay u dhigantaa tirada 4 ee heerka saddexaad. Sayidka, formation of gaynta 64-nucleotide.

2. shaqo ee code hidaha

Hantidaan waxaa la ogan karo haddii sirta ka mid ah codon amino acid u baahan tahay dhowr ah, sida caadiga ah gudahood 2-6. Kaliya methionine acids amino iyo tryptophan la encoded laga yaabaa in la isticmaalayo mid ka mid ah triplet ah.

3. Aqonsado

Waa qayb ka mid ah sifooyinka code hidaha iney yihiin tilmaame of a hiddo hidde caafimaad waa. Tusaale ahaan, gobolka wanaagsan dhiigga, hemoglobin caadi ah dhakhaatiirta u sheegi kara oo taagan meesha lixaad ee silsiladda triplet GAA. Waxa uu ahaa kii xanbaarsan yahay macluumaad ku saabsan haemoglobin ah, oo la mid ah la encoded glutamic acid. Oo haddii qof waa dhiig buka, mid ka mid ah nucleotides la bedelay warqad kale oo code - Y, taas oo calaamad u ah cudurka.

4. Sii

Marka lagu qoro of sifooyinka code hidaha Waa in la xusuusnaado in codons sida links silsilad waxaa lagu abaabulaa aan gobolka, iyo in u dhow si toos ah midba midka kale Silsilad acid nucleic, iyo silsiladdan aan la kala gooyey - waxa uu leeyahay maya bilowga ama dhammaadka.

5. miday

marna Waa in aan iloobin in wax kasta on Earth wadaagaan code caadi ah hidde. Iyo sababta oo ah in koroowga iyo Insiba leh, in cayayaanka iyo shimbiraha baobab centenary oo kali ah loo baabiiyo ka mid ah cawska dhulka ilmood oo isku mid yihiin encoded by acids amino la mid ah.

Waxay been ka hiddo macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan guryaha ee u shaqeeyo ah, nooc ka mid ah barnaamijka in jidhka helo dhaxal ka ee la soo dhaafay iyo kii halkaas ku noolaa sida code a hidaha.