Maxaad Ivan Grozny wiilkiisa Ivan dilay? Ma Ivan Grozny wiilkiisii dilay?

The guryaha boqornimada ee reer July 3, 1583 ka dhacay mid ka mid ah dilalkii ugu dahsoon oo aan la sharrixin oo ah qarnigii lix. Wiilka uu dhalay ee Ivan Xun ee, Ivan Ivanovich, ayaa lagu dilay aabbihiis u gaar ah by. In taam ah cadho boqorka goolkiisii Caruurtooda in ay leeyihiin xoog shaqaale oo ku sugan macbudka ah. hit waxa uu ahaa sax ah oo xoog leh - wax taaj oo amiir u ahaa ayaa isla goobta ku dhintay. La yaab leh waa ina Ivan Grozny dilay! Inta badan jeclaaday, ka weyn, mid ka mid on taasoo rajo weyn, maxaa yeelay, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa ee farcankiisa, Theodore, inuu u taliyo dalka diyaar u tahay inay bilowdo ma ahaa.

In ka badan in ka badan afar boqol iyo konton sannadood ee la soo dhaafay ee taariikhda baxda la halyeeyo badan, Yimaadeen version a kala duwan ee ay wax u dhaceen. Waxaa weli ma dhigay taariikhda saxda ah ee dhimashada Prince Crown. Qaar ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa soo jeediyay in musiibo ka dib ka dhacay 1581, bishii November, kuwa kale wac ee 1582kii, iyo saddexaad, taas oo inta badan, weli u hoggaansamaan taariikhda July 3, 1583. By waaweyn iyo, lambarada sidaas ma aha muhiim, hawsha ugu weyn ee - in la fahmo sababta Ivan Grozny wiilkiisii dilay, iyo hadii uu isaga oo dhan laayay? Isku day inaad si ay u fahmaan.

version The ugu horeysay. siyaasadeed

Nikolai Karamzin in uu "History" ku dhawaaqay in garabka lagu turunturoodo oo u dhexeeya aabbe iyo ina noqday siyaasi. Buuxsamay amiir sharaf qiiro taaj waalidiinta yimaadeen oo dalbaday in la sii daayo Pskov, nay cadowga, si loo soo celiyo sharafta Boqortooyada Ruush ah. In xanaaqay, John qayliyey in uu si wadajir ah ula boyars ina doonayay inuu abaalmarinta ka, oo uu gacantiisa soo sara kiciyey. Waxay isku dayeen in ay sii Boris Godunov, laakiinse boqorkii for ushiisii fiiqan ku dhuftay Nin sharaf leh dhowr nabarrada, ka dibna weerar madaxa Prince Crown. Waxa uu u dhacay, daboolay dhiig. Dhimashadii Ivan - ina Ivana Groznogo - wuxuu ahaa degdeg ah. Waxaa xusid mudan in version in Karamzin tixgeliyo run, markii hore la dhigay weeraryahanka by Antonio Possevino, legate ku le'daan, kuwaas oo, qireen, ahaa, haddii aan markhaati ugu xiiso, ma aha dhab ah oo madax banaan. Sidaa darteed, saxnaanta bayaankan waa heer sare su'aal, gaar ahaan tan iyo markii uu wax caddayn kale waxaa ka mid ah aan la xaqiijiyay. Haddaba maxaad Ivan Grozny wiilkiisii dilay? ka hor tag.

The version labaad. maalin kasta

Kaliya si rasmi ah boqorka John V. ahaa ugu yaraan toddoba jeer guursaday. Sida aad ogtahay, tufaax dhaco geedka dhow ka. Sidaas dhallinyarada amiir taaj aabbihiis ka isku dayeen in ay sii. Xaaskiisa kowaad wuxuu ahaa gabadhii Saburova Eudoxia Bogdanova, ka dib markii guurka fashilmay, ayay si khasab ah waxaa tonsured sida Nuun a. xaaskiisa labaad, Feodosiyu Mihaylovu, gabadhii Solovova, xanuunsaday qaddar la mid ah - uu nolosha iyadu dhammeeyeen keniisad a. By 1583 Ivan guursaday gabadhii ugu da'da yaraa ee walaalaha ku suganyahay, Elena. Mid ka mid ah subax, John V. arkay naagtii uurka leh ee Crown Prince foomka aan habboonayn: suunka laakiinse iyadu ma ay xidhan, oo aad u tagtaan ballaaran u furan yahay qof dumar ah oo guursaday ma aha xayiran. ayaa boqorkii cadhooday oo dharbaaxay laba qof oo ah gabadhii foori wanaagsan. Helen dhacay oo ku dhuftay, oo laga badiyay mustaqbalka ilmaha habeenkii. Markaasaa amiirkii taaj orday galay qolka oo bilaabay inuu canaanto aabbihiis, wuuna istaagay naagtiisuu, maxaa yeelay, waxay ahayd in shaqaalaha macbudka. Waxaa soo baxday, in sababta Ivan Grozny dilay wiilkiisii! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo halkan ma cadda. Qoraaga of version this u adeegi jireen oo dhan isla Antonio Possevino, taas oo ahayd faa'iido u soo bandhigaan synoubiytsey ah taliye arxan si loo sharciyeeyo inay xaalkaas Yurub. Sidaas waxa run ahaantii dhacday?

version saddexaad. jeclahay

Tsar Ruush ayaa ahaa mid aad u gaajaysan, waayo, qof dumar ah oo, on cadaymaha, ma mid darafka maradiisa ku seegay. Maalin maalmaha ka mid meel qaybaha ka, oo uu kula kulmay Helen, naagtii Tsarevich Ivan, taas oo aynu hore u sheegay, oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu gabadhaas xoogo in ilmo. Lama oga in ugu danbeyn noqday John V. snohachom (ee Russia ayaa muddo dheer tan iyo markii uu u yeedhay ninkii la wadaago qof dumar ah iyo wiilkeeda), laakiin amiirad dhallinyarada ahaa ninkeedii u sheegtay oo ku saabsan xadgudubka, oo wuxuu go'aansaday si aad u ogaato xiriirka la aabbihiis. Waa maxay waxa oo dhan, waxaynu og nahay. ina The Ivana Groznogo, Ivan, iyadoo macbudka ka jabay u dhacay, oo uu naagtiisa ka dib xoogaa waqti ah, ayaa loo diray keniisad a. Laakiin waa dhan dhacay?

version afraad. ku buriyaan

Taariikhyahanadu kuwaas oo ku noolaa badan ka dib, Ivan Vasilyevich iyo wiilkiisa, fikirka, "Laakiin haddii Ivan Grozny wiilkiisii dilay?" Malaha waxa kaliya halyeey xiiso? In erayo kale, kayihiin iyo aflagaado ah? Indeed, xilligan synoubiystva xaqiiqda ah ku keeni karo shaki weyn. Si loo fahmo sababta ay lagama maarmaan tahay in shaki, si ay u soo noqdaan xogta 1883-1885 - time, marka ka hoos baxeen gacantii reer artist caanka Ruush ili Repina ahaa shaqo ka mid ah tahay "Ivan Xun iyo Wiilkiisa November 16, 1581".

Rinjiyaynta "Ivan Grozny dila wiilkiisa"

Waxa uu ahaa magaca waxaa taas wada ogaaday rinjiyeynta guud ee dadweynaha, taas oo muujinaysa sida Tsar Ruush ah Tsarevich dhuftay dharbaaxo dhimanaya. On rooga cas daboolay astaamaha hoosku Chambers been u dhow carshiga tuuro usha rogay, iyo qowladaha wadnaha, laba tirooyinka ciinwaanka aabbihiis, oo ay ka go'an oo kaliya in taam ah oo cadhooday hagaajin, iyo ina kuwaas oo ku geeriyooday gacmihiisa. Quusanina, jacayl buu u ballaadhan yahay iyo naxdin wajiga ku muujinayaa Ivan Vasilyevich, Bluagrana ayaa wuxuu qaataan Prince Crown, isku dayayaan in ay joojiyo dhiigga by haysta nabarka oo madaxiisay saareen, oo wiil, aabbihiis Dambi kadaloobsaday, oo uu xabadka. Boqor muuqaalka neefo la muuqaalada daran ee looks ee Isagaga Tag waqti isku mid ah laíaanta iyo cabsi. Ivan wejigiisa la barbar dhigo dheeraad ah "nool", u waxyoonay, iyo shakhsi. Sorry aabbahay loo buuxiyo Prince Crown, isagoo dareensan dareen dambi dhaaf, haddii taasu ay isaga korna oo dhan iyo kacsigiisa yar aan istaahilin nin, oo wuxuu noqday sababta uu dhintay kor ku xusan, nafta u Daahirina. Taasi waa waxa ay muujinaysaa rinjiyeynta ah "Ivan Grozny dila wiilkiisii."

Masiirka saarka Repin

Haddaba webka waxa lagu kaydiyaa Moscow, Tretyakov Gallery ah. Koox ka mid ah dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa Orthodox iyo taariikhyahanadu ee 2013 ka codsaday in ay ka saarto halkaas ka, tan iyo markii ay dulmiyaan dareenka waddani ee Russia. Codsiga loo diiday. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, tani ma aha weerarkii ugu horreeyay ee rinjiyeynta ah. Markii ugu horeysay waxaa la soo bandhigay dadweynaha on bandhiga safraya 13-ka, oo dhan ee St. Petersburg ahaa agog. dhagaystayaasha macno hareereeyey by dhismaha halkaas oo rinjiyeynta ayaa aad u dhegaysanayay. Ahaayeen dood kulul, oo waxgaradka iyo dhalinyarada horumar degdeg ah u bogi, halka qaar kalena ay Petersburgers cadhoodeen: "Sidee baad u synoubiystvo tusi kartaa" Waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ka shaqeeya ma jeclaan jiray Alexander Emperor ee III ee, iyadoo ay sabab u April 1, 1885 waxaa la mamnuucay by show. Waxaa sawirka ugu horeeya ee uu maray in Empire Ruush ah tixan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saddex bilood at codsi ka yimid meel u dhow maxkamadda by ganaax A. Bogolyubov ka dib markii la qaaday.

Oo haddii dilka ahaa?

On bandhig this isku St. Petersburg ee 1885 rinjiyeynta "Ivan Grozny dila wiilkiisa" waxaa lagu arkay isagoo by fekeraya Ruush ah u fiican iyo Xeer sare ee Synod Quduuska ah, Konstantin Pobedonostsev. Waxa uu ka cadhoodeen sheekadeeda, maxaa yeelay, in uu ra'yi, sheekooyin soo maray sida xaqiiqda ah. Pobedonostsev qoray in Alexander III warqad kaas oo uu ku sheegay in ay tahay shaqo ka mid ah tahay ma la odhan karaa waa mid taariikhi ah maxaa yeelay waxa ay wakiil la joogo waa la sifaynayo fantastic. Sidee sidaas? Waxaan had iyo jeer ka hadlay dilka Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John sida xaqiiqda ah kama taagna, xataa buugaagta dugsiga qoraal ah oo arrintan ku saabsan in tusaale ahaan ka mid ah waxa cadaawadda Sharaf Ruush -Raaxaysta-. Ma aha ilaa iyo dhamaadka, waxay ahayd wax cad sababta Ivan Grozny wiilkiisii dilay. Iyo sida macluumaadka oo dhan this galay suugaanta ee taariikhiga ah u dhacay, qofna u maleeyay.

dhacdo la yaab leh

In 1913, waxaa jiray wax la yaab leh in Tretyakov Gallery ah. Marka farshaxankiisa viewed ili Repina "Ivan ka Xun iyo Wiilkiisa November 16, 1581" rinjiile Aabraam Balashov qayliyeen: "! Dhiig fara badan" Markaas ayuu soo baxay lashed at rinjiyeynta mindi iyo waxa laga dhimayo. Isla Repin gaaray Moscow si wadajir ah ula Igorem Grabarem, uu ardaygu hore iyo sooceliye caan ah, dib u dhiska. Saxaafadda ayaa isku dayay rinjiyeynta ah helay jawaab ballaaran ayaa xitaa diyaarin dood ku saabsan mowduuca ee sida caadiga ah dadka loola jeedaa image of qof ay reer boqor. Repin si lama filaan ah lagu eedeeyay in si ula kac ah ku caasiyoobaan Ilaaha dadka in ay gardarada iyo faham darro ah xaaladda soo baxday in Russia. Farshaxankii ahaa qasan iyo aad u careysan. Waxa uu murugoodo oo go'aansaday inuu ka tago Moscow, marna iman lahaa inay magaaladan.

From uu u dhintay Tsarevich?

Mitropolit Ladoga iyo St. Petersburg, John, in uu buugga "-Raaxaysta- Ruuxa" beeniyay dilka iyo ayaa sheegay in dhimashada wiilka Ivana Groznogo yimid sababta oo ah cudur halis ah. Indeed, in dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa raagayaan ma aha hadal ah oo ku saabsan synoubiystve. Laakiin shaaca ka qaaday arrimo fara badan, oo caddeynaya in wax taaj oo amiir u ahaa ayaa dhintay iyada oo sababtu tahay sumowga. B. Manyagin in uu shaqada ee 2003, "Hoggaamiyaha of Church ee shabaab" ayuu qoray in Ivan waxaa sumoobay la sublimate xoqe - sun ah oo keena dhimasho daran hadii aad u qaadato qadarkuu of 0,18 garaam.

Oswald

In Cathedral Mikaa'iil ee Kremlin ee 1963, waxay xabaashii afar furay: Taliyaha Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Inta lagu guda jiro hadhaagii daraasadda, cilmi lagu ogaaday in in dhamaan afartii Qalfoofkii ku jira xaddi qiyaas ahaan siman arsenic, iyo waxa aan ka badnayn iska caadi ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in lafihii Tsarevich Ivan iyo Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich helay joogitaanka mercury qaabab badan ka badan caadi ah oo la ogolaan karo. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku dooday in aan la khubad, iyo saamaynta daaweynta ee syphilis marisay mercury. Laakiin sabab u ah waxbarashada helin isbedel syphilitic ee hadhaagii wakiillo ka socda qoyska boqortooyada.

xaqiiqooyinka cusub

In 1990, daraasad la sameeyay aaso boqorado weyn Moscow iyo marwooyin. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la ogaaday in Elena Glinskaya, hooyadiis Ivana Groznogo, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1538, iyo Daahir Riyaale Romanova, naagtiisa marka hore, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1560-m, ayaa ku sumoobay chloride mercuric. In uu yahay, qoyska reer boqor ahaa dhibane sumowga dhowr sano ee. Xogta laga kuwaas iyo cilmiga kale keentay in garawsannay in dilka ina Ivana Groznogo aabbihiis u gaar ah - khayaali ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii uu la sumeeyay, ay guushu ku fasiraadda this waa in ay weli ka kooban sunta gudbay marar badan xadka la oggol yahay. Sayidka version sayniska ee synoubiystve aslanba waxay beenineysaa.