Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

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Oo mid ka mid ah dadkaas waxay ahayd Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, Lokhvitskaya nee, iyo ninkeedii - Buchynska. Waxay ku dhalatay May 9 (iyo macluumaad kale - 27 April) 1872 magaalada St. Petersburg (halka macluumaadka ay sidoo kale ka duwan, maadaama ay jiraan statements in ay u muuqday inuu iftiinka ee gobolka Volyn ah). Qoraaga Future ahayd gabadhii ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan waqtiga professor ah criminology, iyo marka lagu daro, sidoo kale publisher ee Macalester "Garsoorka Gazette" AV Lokhvitsky. Sidoo kale Hope - walaal poetess arrin si fiican u yaqaan mirra (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (waxa ay ahayd iyada oo waqtiga la odhan jiray "Ruush Sappho").

Anagu "Taffy" la saxiixay sheekooyinka maadda ugu horeysay, iyo sidoo kale play "Arinta Dumarka", taas oo u muuqatay in 1907. Laakiin gabay, kaas oo dib ugu soo laabtay 1901 oo soo baxay Lokhvitskaya, hase ahaatee, la daabacay ka yar magaceeduna wuxuu gabadhii joogo.

asalka ah ee naaneesta "Taffy" weli waa loo ogeyn. Sida keligeed ku xusan, waxaa si toos ah u dhaco oo kaliya in ay guriga naaneeso addoonkii Lohvitsky jir - Stepan (qoyska u yeedhay Steffy), laakiin sidoo kale gabayo of Rudyard Kipling, dhawaaqaysa sida «Taffy ahaa walesman a / Taffy ahaa tuug». Laakiin sheekooyinka iyo Muuqaallo in u muuqday saxiixa this, waxay ahaayeen cajiib caanka ah ee pre-kacaan Russia, sidaas oo kale ayaa hal mar jirey xataa cadar iyo naca loo yaqaan "Taffy".

Taffy la daabacay "Satyricon" magazine iyo "New Satyricon" tan iyo arrinta ugu horeysay, daabacay April 1908, kor u mamnuucidda daabacaadda ee August 1918, si qoraaga of laba-mugga collection of sheekooyinka kaftan ah, la daabacay 1910, taas oo markaas ahaa ku xiga dhowr uruuriyaa oo dheeraad ah ( "WAYDAARKA", "qiiq aan dabka", taas oo u muuqatay in 1914, iyo sidoo kale "bahalka Noolayn", ku qoran 1916), Taffy tan iyo bilowgii aad uu helay sumcad sida qoraa wanaagsan-dabeecad, digtoonaan, oo aad u fiiro dheer ah. All rumeysan yahay in qorayaasha kale ee kala waa faham isha of liito aadanaha, iyada iyo raxmad cajiib ah, waayo, characters ay xasuuqday.

Taffy ahaa nooca uu jecel yahay ee Ghadafi, kaas oo ku salaysan sharaxaad ka mid ah goobta maadda yar. Buug uu qoray laba-mugga, waxay bilowday epigraphe ee "Ethics" B.Spinozy in aad si sax ah in badan oo ka mid shuqulladeeda go'aamiso ay garoonka: "Waayo, qosolka - waxaa jira farxad, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayuu keligiis - barakada."

Waxay jeelyihiin in muddo gaaban dareenka kacaan, kaas oo lahaa ee 1905 keentay bilowday qoraal Taffy iskaashi la wargeyska Bolshevik ee "New Life", ma raad dareemi iyada shaqo uma uu dayn. Ma keenay natiijooyin la taaban karo iyo hal abuur iyo isku day si ay u qoraan satires bulshada dhibaatooyinka la mariyo, taas oo wargeyska "erayga Ruush" filayaa by Taffy. Waxaa la baahinayey, tan iyo 1910. Oo wakhtigaas, oo madax ka ah wargeyska "King anecdotes kaftan ah" - V. Doroshevich qudhiisa, dabcan, iyadoo aan loo eegin tayo asalnimada Taffy unbaa mar ayaa sheegay in "in ka badan aan waxtar lahayn ee faras Carabta si ay u fuliyaan biyaha."

Oo ay la socdaan satirikonovtsem caanka ah qoraa Averchenko dhamaadka 1918 Taffy tegey on muddo ah in Kiev, halkaas oo uu markii hore loogu tala galay in ay qabtaan kulan oo uu saftay dadweynaha, ka dibna, ka dib markii taas oo qaadatay sano iyo badh ah oo wareegaya xagga koonfureed oo reer Russia (iyada oo Odessa, Novorossiysk iyo Ekaterinodar) ay gaadhay, ugu dambeyntii, iyada oo Constantinople laftiisa kor u Paris. In uu buugga "Xusuusaha" (daabacay 1931), taas oo aan Xusuusqorkan ah ee dareenka truest erayga, laakiin kaliya sheeko taariikh ahaaneed, Taffy aysan awoodin in ay si cad oo buuxda u dhiska wadada oo dhan ee ay marti ahaayeen, iyo ku qoray in ay marnaba u dhiibay rajo deg deg ah xanuunka ah ee dalkiisa ku soo laabto Moscow.

Labada in tiraab iyo jilidda riwaayadaha at Taffy ka dib markii iyada ka haajirid sicad wanaajiyey qaar ka mid ah murugo, xataa yabban yar naxdin leh. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah xiisootay, isagoo dalkiisii hooyo - mid ka mid ah awoodaha ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka xagga dareenka waddanka u soo guurey badan. Oo iyaga ma aha oo kaliya. Maxaad sameyneysaa marka waqti dheer ha u yeedhin saaxiibbadaada iyo qaraabada, aanad garanayn waxa ku dhacaya iyaga? Taasi waa xaq, in ay kacsan iyo xitaa niyad, ma waxaad ka heli doontaa meel uu nafsaddiisa u bixinayo.

Tone sheekooyinka Taffy sii kordheysa isku daraa qaar ka mid ah note adag oo si dhakhso ah maslaxaad. Sida laga soo xigtay ugu qoraaga, waa waqti adag, kaas oo la socday iyada oo ay Qarni, in kastoo aan si kasta oo ay awood u ma bedeli sharciga weligeed ah, taas oo at jeer waxa ay aheyd wax aan macquul aheyn in la kala saaro farxad soo Dagdagaysa murug, waqti dheer si ay u sameeyaan caadi ah.

In mustaqbalka, ee dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga oo dhan iyo soo gelitaankii xiga ee Taffy ka badbaaday iyada oo aan abid ka tago Paris. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqti ka waqti ayay weli ku heshiiyeen in ay la reading shuqullo iyaga u gaar ah si ay dhagaystayaasha waddanka u soo guurey kala duwan, taas oo weligiis noqdo ka yar sanad walba ku hadlaan. Waa hagaag, ee sano ee ay post-dagaal Taffy ahaa Dakatu Xusuusqorkan mashquul ah saffarro asalka ay - ka Kuprina Aleksandra iyo Konstantin Balmont in Grigoriya Rasputina.

Life Taffy u tageen inay Paris on October 6, 1952, ka tago ka danbeeya dhaqanka weyn jeermiga u magooli muddo dheer, ilaa ugu dambeyntii, ma si buuxda u leh tolmo wanaagsan taaj oo ka mid ah talanti dhabta ah ee suugaanta.