Prince of Kiev iyo Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

amiirka Tani miyir iyo fog-arka ee talada haya guri ammaan ah Rurik tagay calaamad weyn ee taariikhda Russia. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay soo jeedin ah oo madax gaar ah caadiga ah barwaaqo ah oo kobcaya oo ka mid ah gobolka, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay helaan xuquuqdooda goboleedka ballaadhan. Sidoo kale, wuxuu tusay xigmad arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha ka dib markii carshiga ku helay Kiev. Laakiin taariikhyahanadu ugu weyn ee ay mudnaan aaminsan yihiin in Prince Rostislav Mstislavich hortagi qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka, isku dayayaan inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ah xoojinta iyo xoojinta dalalka Ruushka. Sidee, ka dibna, waxa uu jidka nolosha, iyo waxa guulihii gaar ah uu gaaray, isagoo ahaa taliyihii Russia? Ka fiirso su'aashan si faahfaahsan.

line millitari

Rostislav Mstislavich kooban oo ku saabsan taas oo waxa ay ahaan laheyd aan habooneyn in qisoon, wuxuu ahaa taliyaha saddexaad ee farcankiis Novgorod Mstislav Vladimirovich. Ilo isbeddesho on su'aasha ah markuu dhashay. In badan oo ka mid ah tirooyinka ee 1100. Rostislav walaalkiis (Izyaslav) waxa uu ku dhashay dhowr sano ka hor (ee 1097 ama 1098 sano). Hooyo taliyaha mustaqbalka ee gobolka Smolensk - gabadhii boqorka Swedish Inge.

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich helay in ay gacanta ku Smolensk markii uu ahaa sano oo kaliya toban jir ah. Wuxuu markiiba waa la baabtiisay oo lagu sharfayo Arhangela Mihaila, sidaa darteed in Church Orthodox ee loo yaqaan Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Waxa ay ahayd in 1127 markii ugu horaysay la xusay in ilo ku. Tani waxay muddo taariikhda waxaa lagu xasuustaa horrayn xaqiiqada ah in isbahaysiga ciidamada Monomakhich ah lo on xuduudaha ee Monaco ee Polotsk iyo Rostislav Mstislavich qudhiisu socotay magaalada Drutsk.

Markii aan dhaxalka u helay?

Taariikhyahanadu ku doodi, iyo Markaan uga yeellay ina Mstislav Vladimirovich bilaabay inuu "maareeyaan" arrimaha kibir Smolensk ah. Qaar waxay yidhaahdaan in ay dhacday in 1125, dadka kale - in 1127. Waxaa la og yahay in Rostislav Mstislavich in 1132 in Purposer Smolensk u dhaqmeen sidii aabbihiis u gaar ah. Sidan buu jiray waxyaabo badan oo ka mid ah "awood" of kibir Kiev ee. In 1132 Mstislav dhintay, iyo taliyihii Russia noqdo walaalkiis Jaropolk. New Prince of Kiev siinayaa xaaladda kibir wiilkaagiiba of Smolensk ah. Jaropolk la kibir diyaar u yahay inuu caawiyo beddelkeeda gabbaro ah.

Way kibir barwaaqo

In muddo ah ka soo 30 ilaa 50 sano ee qarnigii XII Rostislav Mstislavich dadaal kasta si loo hubiyo in dhaxalka Aaminto isaga ayaa beddelay oo xoog leh, barwaaqo iyo dhaqaale goboleedka. Oo ma uu maareeyo si ay ugaaraan riyooyinkooda.

wiilka ugu horreeya Mstislava Velikogo beddelaa dhulka ku Aaminto isaga ugu kibir iyo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan amiirradii Smolensk. Waxaa intaa dheer, dalka taas oo uu sida caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah qeybo ka mid ah gobollada oo Mogilev, Pskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga iyo Moscow. In bartamihii 30-mada ay qarnigii XII inuu tago dhulka Rostislav waxay kuorodaa webiga Protva ah, kuwaas oo kaniisadda Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Sayidka, kibir Smolensk ee ku taal bartamaha ee madaxda rus, si hanjabaad dibadda ku dhowaad ma laha isaga. Sayidka Rostislav Mstislavich, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa bartay by taariikhyahanadu in aan dhamaadka, isku dayeen in ay ka dhigi wefdigii ka princely xididaysan leh zemshchina, kuwaas oo door adag ka qabashada arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda.

horumarinta Qorshaha Magaalada

Ilaa 1125 dhaxalkii ay wiilkiisa Mstislava Velikogo waxaa jiray magaalooyinka saddex keli ah: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (amiir u ahaa Smolensk) amartay inay magaalada Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, iyo bedelay muddo magaalada degsiimooyinka sida Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

qorshe diinta Diinta

Waxa intaa dheer in siyaasadda magaalooyinka, amiirka ayaa ku hawlan dib u habaynta muhiimada diinta. ka madax Smolensk wuxuu deduces Pereyaslavlskoy hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda iyo abuuraa "ruuxa" degmo isku-.

Si aad u horseedi in ay ku kalsoon tahay Bishop Prince ee Manuel, oo in muddo ah ka dib markii isaga siinayaa dukumenti oo siiya mudnaanta weyn ee kaniisadda. Diploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch ogol yahay kiniisadda Smolensk qaatay meeltobnaadyo oo dhan dakhliga kibir. Ka dib markii Manuel noqday madaxa Sheeko, ayuu ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa la daahiriyeyna waxay Cathedral male ah in Smolensk, taas oo ina Mstislava Velikogo ee 1101 dhisay.

Prince sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah dhismayaasha dhagaxa ah ee muhiimada diinta in uu ahaa cibaaro ah dhab ah Smolensk.

qorna

Start Smolensk taariikhda siiyey Rostislav Mstislavich. In Qaabkiisu Chronicle, nasiib daro, ilaa hadda aan la sii raagayaan, laakiin ilo ka dib markii weli noqon hantida taariikhyahanadu casriga ah.

"Smolensk News" nolosha ku tilmaamay in Monaco 30 - 60 sano ee qarnigii XII ah, ayaa loo qaaday sida aasaas u ah abuurista "The Chronicles of Rostislavovich" (80 sano ee qarnigii XII) iyo set oo ah Kiev (1200). In "News The", gaar ahaan, waxaa lagu sheegay on abuuritaanka in 1136 of Sheeko Smolensk iyo bilowgii dhismaha dhagaxa. 1136 in loo arkaa in ay bilowga taariikhda gobolka Smolensk ah.

Abuuritaanka bulshada

Marka Rostislav Mstislavich shaqeysiin sidii geeddi-socodka sameynta bulshada. Urban aqoonyahanada Smolensk bilaabo waajibaad iyo aad u badan for danahooda siyaasadeed u gaar ah oo soo rogi doonista amiir ay sarreeya. Xaaladahan oo kale, wuxuu si fudud u noqdo mid afka dabcan siyaasadeed ee hormoodka awood degaanka.

Xilligii dirir

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) noolaa waqti Russia galeen dagaal sokeeye.

Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan dhimasho aabbihiis, Prince biiray walaalaha ay (Izyaslav iyo Vsevolod), inay ku guuleystaan mucaaradka siyaasadeed ee ka dhanka ah adeerkiis Yuriya Dolgorukogo oo ah taliyaha dalka Volyn Andrei Vladimirovich. At saamiga waa dal Pereyaslyavlskaya. Oo 1141 colaadda Mstislavich la Chernigov Olegovichy in ay leeyihiin fursad sare inay fadhiistaan carshiga Novgorod iyo Kiev ee. Olegovichy si dhakhso ah u soo diray inuu guulaysto Smolensk. dhawr bilood la Jirkiisa Walaalkiis Ka dib markii Rostislav Izyaslav beeray boqor Novgorod walaalkiis, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Chernigov. Laakiin ujeedada ugu weyn ee Mstislavich - waa Kyiv, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo dagaal kulul Yuri Dolgoruky. Toban sano ka socday iska horimaad this. Rostislav Izyaslav iyo suurtagashay in ay dhulka ku hoosaysiiyo ka Yaroslavl iyo Suzdal. Meel kasta waxay cambaarayn iyo su'aasha ansaxnimada siyaasadda Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Laakiin in 1155 maamula in ay qabsadaan carshiga ee Kiev.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiriirka ka dhaxeeya ina Mstislava Velikogo iyo Yuriem Dolgorukim sii dartay in ay xadka. amiirka Kiev captivating amiirradii Polovtsian iyo iyaga weydiiyo in uu abaabulo March a on kibir Smolensk. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay fuliyaan qorshaha.

Laakiin Rostislav amar unshakable ee dalalkan oo koonfurta, oo waa ogyahay Yuri Dolgoruky, sidaas oo kale ayaa adeer iyo adeerkiis ay go'aansadeen in ay u dhimayaan.

Carshiga ee Kiev

markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, Rostislav Mstislavich wey siman walaalkiis iyo adeerkiis dhab noqdo taliyaha Kiev. Prince Smolensky ka dhigaysa inuu vassalage dalka Ryazan. Laakiin markaas walaalkiis Izyaslav dhintay. Oo 1157 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyaan madax ugu weyn ee Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Laba sano ka dib, dadka Kiev si rasmi ah u bixiyaan Rostislav maamulaan kibir ku salaysan oo keliya. Waxa uu ogolaado.

Si aad u hoggaansamaan caadooyinka, oo amiir u soo diro ee Kiev laba danjirayaasha Smolensk iyo Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Waxay lahaa si aad u ogaato waxa la eego in la siiyo xaq u leedahay in Rostislav kibir ugu weyn.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada ee Kiev

Ka dib markii qaadashada carshiga, Rostislav Mstislavich qaaday dadaal kasta si loo hubiyo in Russia ayaa noqday gobolka horumaray iyo barwaaqo. Waxa uu isku dayay in uu joojiyo dagaalladii internecine ah, u hoggaansanaayeen siyaasadda xoojinta dalka Ruushka. Ahaanshaha ee xilka awoodda ee Kiev, ina badan Mstislava Velikogo waqtiga horumarka xagga ruuxa. Isagu waa in xiriir la kiniisadda u, si joogto ah ugu yeedhi casho Abbot Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Polycarp iyo xataa diyaariyo amar iyaga u gaar ah kala unugyada keniisad a, halkaas oo waa inuu keligiis meel noqon kartaa. Taasi waa sababta Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch loo yaqaan kuwa dhawrsada. Hoggaansanaayeen siyaasadda nabadda iyo xaqiijin, oo ahaa taliyihii Russia ayaa ku guuleystay kalsoonida iyo aaminaada ah tirada ugu badan oo taliyayaasha ka mid ah dalalkan oo taajka. Indeed, dad badan oo ka soo noqday wiilkiisii Mstislava Velikogo baran karin, sida loo sameeyo aad gobolka barwaaqo. Qof walba waa ogaa in uu carshiga ku fadhiya ee Kiev, kuwaas oo kalimadaas chelna u ah. Iska horimaadyada iyo dagaalladu isku dayay si kasta in ay ka fogaadaan Rostislav Mstislavich. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda taliyaha Ruush ayaa sidoo kale si nabad ah. Xitaa colka weligeed Polovtsy uu isku dayay in aan sii xumayn xiriirka. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah amiirradii appanage Polovtsian uu mararka qaar ay isku dhaceen. Prince sidoo kale soo abaabulay olole militari oo ka dhan Lithuania, oo aad si guul leh.

Novgorod

At heerka ugu dambeeya ee Rostislav Guddiga Mstislavovitch wiilkiisa uu bilaabo inuu Leexin caaradda Novgorod dawladda hoose. Waxaa jira yimaado waqti marka Svyatoslav (ina Rostislav Mstislavovitch) mar dambe u talin karaa in madax madax banaan. Markaasaa Prince of Kiev, shaqsi ahaan u soo diray inuu Novgorod, si ay u heshiiyaan muwaadiniinta wiilkiisa. Wadida Smolensk, wuxuu arkay sida ay ugu faraxsan taliyahooda iyo dadka uu soo dhaweeyay iyaga.

Laakiin gaaridda Toropets ah, Rostislav Mstislavich (Prince of Kiev) zaneduzhil oo amar ku bixiyay in Rasuul u diray inay Novgorod wiilkiisa, si uu ahaa wakiil ka Novgorod kuwii gobta ahaa inuu ka hor tago in Luke Weyn. Ugu dambayntii waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay heshiiyaan Svyatoslav muwaadiniinta, ka dib markii uu tegey inuu hooyo Smolensk, Wax yar oo walaasheed Rogneda uu sii joogo. In kasta oo uu xanuunka, Prince ugu dhaqsaha badan soo dhaqsaday inay Kiev tagaan, ku tilmaamayaa in arrimaha gobolka. Laakiin si ay isaga gaaraan oo ku fashilantay in ay "hooyadii magaalooyinka Ruush." Rostislav Mstislavovich caafimaadka si dhab ah sii xumaatay, iyo guga ee 1167 gayiga tuulada Zaruba (Smolensk), saacaddiisii. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu qiran intuusan dhiman oo barooranaya wadaadkii Simecoon in hore ma uu ahaa oggol yahay in ay qabtaan xafladda of tonsure. jirka Prince ayaa la gaarsiiyey Kiev oo waxaa lagu aasay keniisad ee Theodore, sidii uu ku ciqaabo. Awoodda madax ugu weyn lahaa in uu ina Roman, kaas oo xukumi jiray Belgorod tagaan. Laakiin ka dib markii uu dhintay Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), oo u dhexeeya wiilkiisa iyo amiirradii Suzdal, kuwaasi oo ay madax ka Andrew Bogolyubskii, fur doonaa halganka qadhaadh carshiga oo ahayd.

qoyska

Faahfaahinta nolosha qoyska ee Kiev iyo Smolensk taliyihii shay aysan aqoon u. Waxaa weli waa su'aal qarsoodiga ah kuwaas oo ahaa mid ay isqabeen Rostislav Mstislavich (amiirradii Smolensk) ah, iyo in uu lahaa guurka kale. Xusuuso wiilashiisa muuqan markii ugu horeysay ee ilaha 40-50 sano XII qarnigii. Waxaa la og yahay in 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich barakeeyey guurka ah ee uu ina Roman, kuwaas oo guursaday gabadhii Svyatoslava Olgovicha, kaas oo xukumi jiray dalalka Seversk. In 1154 Prince of Kiev iyo Smolensk wiilashii Daa'uud iyo dhaxal Roman Novgorod uu ku siinayaa. Yaa waa weyn iyo yar, kuwaas oo - su'aal furan. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda, David waxa uu ku dhashay 1140.

Mid ka mid noqday wiilkiisii 1170 dhintay, laakiin ma uu oqoonin kuu ahaa. Wiilka ugu yar Rostislav Mstislavovitch, Mstislav Hrabry, waxa uu ku dhashay bartamihii 40eeyaha-iyo bartamihii 60-, wuxuu guursaday gabadhii Gleb Rostislavich, kaasoo boqor ka noqday dalka reer Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry dhaxlay tayada ugu fiican ee uu awoowe. wiilkeedii yaraa oo baabtiisay Rostislav Mstislavovitch magacaabay Fedor.

Waxaa la og yahay in Kiev iyo Smolensk amiir lahaa shan wiil iyo laba gabdhood. Ilo ku odhan kaliya oo ku saabsan gabadh, Elena. In 1163 iyana waxay noqotay naagtiisii oo ka mid ah Prince of Krakow Leszek White ah, oo ka dib markii uu dhintay 1194, Helen noqday magaalada Polish taliye buuxa. gabadhii Rostislav Mstislavovitch ku dhintay 1198.

gunaanad

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Prince of Kiev iyo Smolensk noqday halyeey taariikhda qadiimiga Russia. Inuu sidaas sameeyey taliyayaashii madaxda joogsadeen inay dhexdooda isugu cadhoonina. Rostislav Mstislavich - wakiil ah guri ammaan talada haya, kaas oo markii hore waxba kama danaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo kuwa dadweynaha, in la barbardhigo badan dadkii qaraabadiisa ahaa. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay kor u awood xitaa sare ee maamulka indhaha dadka caadiga ah ee.