Qadarka on Land 1917. dib u habaynta dhulka ee 1917

Qadarka dhulka ee 1917 la ansixiyay maalin ka dib markii ay Great October Socialist Revolution (November sheegnay sannaddiisii siddeed). Sida laga soo xigtay in uu sal-dhigida, baabiiyo milkiileyaasha hantida dhulka aan magdhow.

Shuruudaha korsato ee dokumentigan u muuqday muddo dheer taariikhda ee ay sii daayo. Xaqiiqada ah in barnaamijka Bolshevik la soo horjeeda by barnaamijyo kale oo jira waqti xisbiyada kuwaas oo jeclaan lahaa in ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad qayb oo aan haysan in la beddelo nidaamka oo dhan hantigoosi oo dhan, oo ay ku jiraan iyada oo aan la beddelo xuquuqda dhulka.

April theses amarna sida aasaas u ah mustaqbalka

Qadarka on Land ee 1917 koray out of April theses Lenin ee, kaas oo uu ku dhawaaqay maalintii afraad oo bisha April. In uu hadalka, Lenin ayaa sheegay in waqti in loo baahan yahay inay la wareegaan xaafadaha oo dhan degay oo iyaga lagu wareejiyo si uu u adkeeyo Council ah Shaqaalaha Beeraha 'iyo beeralay' xigeenadiisa, kaas oo ay tahay waxaa ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda qoysaska ugu saboolsan. waaweyn kasta degay xaafadaha, taas oo ka mid noqon kara 100 ilaa 300 Guri ridayeen, loo moodayay in la abuuro beer model iyada oo ay kormeerayaan of xigeenadiisa Shaqaalaha Beeraha 'a. Waa in la sheegay in ay taageero ka fikrado sida ee dhagaystayaasha ugu horeysay theses Lenin laakiin kama ay helin, iyo qaar ka mid ah (AA Bogdanov - saynisyahan, hoggaamiyaha mustaqbalka ee Institute ugu horeysay ee dhiig lagu shubo ee dunida) ayaa helay ravings of waalan ay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ay ansixiyeen Sixth Congress ee xisbiga Bolshevik ah, taas oo lagu qabtay 8-16 on August 1917 sano.

Hogaamiyaha Fikradaha kacaanka - si dadweynaha!

In uu April theses VI Waxa uu tilmaamay in Bolsheviks yihiin ee Soviet of xigeenadiisa Workers 'ee laga tirada badan yahay oo yar, si aad u baahan tahay si ay u faafiyaan fikradda xisbiga firfircoon ee tacsida ah, oo wixii la sameeyey, iyo ilaa xad si guul leh. Waxaa jira xaalado in September iyo October 1917, markii qastaan mudaaharaadeen ee deegaanka gaar ah, oo ay la socdaan dhinaca Oromada, guryaha gubidda oo looga baahan yahay, waayo mulkiilayaasha "gowracaa iyaga matalo" halis ku ah nolosha. Sidaa darteed, amarka on Land (1917), qayb ka go'an, oo gaarey geedi socodka taariikhiga ah ee wakhtiga.

arrinta dalka ayaa aloosnayd muddo dheer

dhibaatada dalka soo ridayeen ayaa noqday khuseeya, dabcan, ma in 1917, laakiin ka badan sidii hore, oo waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in dadka reer miyiga ah la dhoofinta firfircoon hadhuudh isku keentay jiritaanka a yar meelo badan oo Saarka Russia, iibinta ugu fiican ee la soo saaray iyo cunista ka xun, murqo iyo dhimanayaan. Dhowro statistics Zemstvo (in Rybinsk iyo Gobolka Yaroslavl), sida uu sheegay taas oo durba 1902, 35% ka mid ah beeraha ee deegaanka ma lahayn faras, iyo 7.3% - dalkiisii.

farqi aad u weyn in canshuurta si Kacaanka

Beeralayda, kuwaas oo si xiiso qaatay amarka on Land ee 1917, ka hor inta ay sii daayo sanado badan qaatay qoondeysnaa iyo fardo ah kirada, bixinta milkiilayaasha sida habka wax soo saarka (ilaa nus ka mid ah dalagga) iyo gobolka (cashuurta). Arintaan jiray in ka badan oo muhiim ah, sida meeltobnaadka ay reer binu dalka looga baahan yahay inay keenaan geliyaa khasnadda 1 Ruble. 97 koobiyeyn., Oo dhalidda ee meeltobnaadka isku mid ah (hoos xaaladaha cimilada wanaagsan) waxay ahayd oo kaliya oo ku saabsan 4 rubles. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inuu tixgeliyo xaqiiqada ah in a beeraha sharaf leh ayaa la qaado canshuurta laba senti (!) Waayo, kulli meeltobnaadka isla, in kastoo estate waxay ahaayeen siman ee size 200-300 haystaa ay soo ridayeen.

Qadarka on Land ee 1917 beeralayda siiyey fursad uu ku qabsado ma ahan oo keliya mulkiilaha laakiin sidoo kale dalalka oo gaar ah, ayaa kiniisaddii iyo keniisad in dadka oo dhan ay hantida gudahood. sirqoollada Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen la dakhliga dib kuwa dalka tegey inay magaalada. Tusaale ahaan, gobolka Yaroslavl ku saabsan 202 000 oo gogo 'oo baasaboorka ayaa la soo saaray ee 1902. Taasi waxay keentay in tiro ka mid ah ragga (inta badan) baxay beerahooda. Earth waa Cossacks fudud iyo beeralay aan hoos jiray qalalka.

Waraaqaha beeralayda - factor muhiim ah

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in amar uu dhulka ee 1917, waxaa la soo sawiray kor ku salaysan oo ku saabsan 240 "waajib ka soo ridayeen" wargeyska "Izvestia Ruush Soviet of xigeenadiisa yaroow '. Waxaa loo maleeyey in uu qoraalkani waa in ay ahaataa hanuun on hawlaha dhulka ilaa Golaha Wakiillada.

Ban lahaanshaha gaarka ah ee dalka

Maxaa raacay diinta dalka ee 1917? Qadarka on dhulka ka tarjumaya aragtida beeralayda in uu noqon doono habka ugu cadaalad ah kaas dalkii aan si gaar ah loo leeyahay oo karo. Waxaa uu noqonayaa hantida dadweynaha iyo u dhaco in ay ka shaqeeyaan dadka. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa ku xusan in kuwa by "kacaanka hantida" saamaysay ay xaq u leeyihiin in ay taageero dadweynaha ku meel gaar ah in ay qabsanayeen xaaladda cusub ee nolosha.

In uu Baaragaraafka labaad ee amarka on Land (1917) tilmaamay in meydadka geyi-iyo biyo waaweyn yihiin dadweynaha, halka webiyada iyo harooyinka yar wareejiyo bulshooyinka in ay leeyihiin dawladaha hoose. Qoraalka waxa dheeraad ah ayaa sheegay in "aadka u leexsan cultured", ie Jannooyin, koriyo oo, u tag State ama bulshada (taas oo ku xiran), iyo beeraha guriga iyo Geedkeeda waa in milkiilayaasha ay, laakiin baaxadda aagagga iyo heerka canshuurta iyaga on yihiin oo uu sharcigu jideeyay.

Su'aalaha aan la xiriirin dalka

Qadarka on Land ee 1917 ay saameeyeen ma aha oo kaliya arrimaha dalka. Waxaa carrabaabay, in beeraha faras, digaaga taranta iyo xoolaha ayaa sidoo kale noqday maal qaran oo noqotay gobolka, faa'iido u ah bulshada ama laga yaabaa in lagu soo furtay (su'aasha ku hadhay Golaha Degaannada go'aanka at).

qalabka guriga ka dalalkan oo la wareegay maray in milkiilayaasha cusub oo aan magdhow, laakiin aragtida ah lama maleeyeen inuu ka tago oo aan in beeralayda yar-yar.

Marka jiray amar uu dhulka ku, waxaa loo maleeyey in saamiga dalka laga yaabaa kuwaas oo ay awoodaan in ay iyaga ka qaban on iyaga u gaar ah, qoyska ama iskaashi aan lahayn isticmaalka shaqada kiraystay oo dhan. In the case of gudan dhaqancelinta mihnadeed si ay dad bulshada reer miyiga ka caawiyay dalkiisii qaban, laakiin aan ka badnayn laba sannadood. Oo markii beeralay ahaa dadka da'da ah oo aan shakhsiyan shaqayn karaan on dalka, uu lumiyo xaq u leedahay inaad u isticmaali beddelkeeda hawlgabka ka gobolka.

Si kasta sidii baahida uu

Waxaa xusid mudan xaaladda xusay sida qaybinta dalka sida ay baahidooda, taas oo ku xidhan xaaladaha cimilada, formation of fund dalka maamula bulshada berrinka ku dhex yaal iyo xarunta (garoonka). Fund Land loo qaybiyaa haddii dadka ama wax soo saarka qaybtii is beddelay. Haddii user ka baxo dhulka, wuxuu la barwaaqaysan dib fund oo ka heli lahaa qofka kale, gaar ahaan qaraabada xubin ka fariistay ee bulshada. In horumar la dejinayo (kamuhimsan, Bacriminta iyo si bixi.) Hadduu doono in la siiyo.

Haddii fund Dhulkuna ma uu ku filan si ay u quudiyaan dadka ku nool yaroow waxaa, taasoo lid ku ah gobolka ay ahayd in la soo abaabulay dib u dejinta dadka ku siin ee alaabada. yaroow meelaha New lahaa inuu u dhaqaaqo si soo socda: rabitaanka, ka dibna xubnaha "xun" ee bulshada, iwm - goostay, iyo inta kale - saami ama heshiis kasta oo kale.

Iyada oo ku saleysan kor ku xusan, waxa la odhan karaa in amarka on Land qaatay II All-Russia ee Congress of Soofiyeedku, iyadoo la isticmaalayo la heli karo waqtiga xaaladda dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. u badan tahay in uu kaliya xaqiijisatay geedi socodka in ay dhaceen in bulshada oo ahaa lama huraan.