Rinjiyeynta Zhostovo. Qaybaha Zhostovo rinjiyeynta. Warshadda Zhostovo rinjiyeynta madaxtooyada

La yaabay by the kala duwan oo noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah midabo, qarash on dusha sare ee madow ama midab leh baakidh Zhostovo foomamka rinjiyeynta dhalaalaysa nidaamyada ubaxa, qurxiyey faahfaahinta ugu fiican. Rose Fine iyo poppies casaan, daisies cornflowers fudud iyo taabashada, peonies iyo Aster iftiimeen pompous weheliso ubax aan la garanayn, laakiin aan ka yarayn oo qurux badan. Shimbiraha iyo dhicin, noocyo kala duwan oo miro iyo miraha u eg ku nool fudud, waxyaabaha aad maalin kasta sida ku furto. Sidee badan ma ay doondoonaan, oo aad ka heli doonin mid ka mid ah saxaarad la mid ah - oo mid kasta waa u gaar ah! Xaggee waxaan u timid inaad tahay sida, sida waxyaalo yaab badan sida, halkaas oo aad ka qaadan kartaa casharada Zhostovo rinjiyeynta? About this iyo ku saabsan muuqaalada rinjiyaynta on biraha, dabeecadda u ah fanaaniinta ka Moscow Zhostovo, qodobkan sheegi doonaa.

Taariikhda dhacdo of rinjiyeynta xamuurada

horrayn, sida ku cad xogta taariikheed iyo qaddiimiga ah, baasana farshaxanka rinjiyeynta xamuurada Shiinaha. Dhowr kun oo sano ka hor inta lagu guda jiro Yin Shang ah, dadka deegaanka Chinese qurxiyey xamuurada farshaxankiisa maacuunta qoyska iyo waxyaabaha aad maalin kasta, hub iyo weelashii dhaqan.

Ka dib markii Shiinaha rinjiyeynta xamuurada tahay dalalka ka guulaystay ee Indochina, Faaris iyo Hindiya, Japan iyo Korea. In kasta oo ka mid ah gobollada farsamo rinjiyeynta xamuurada horumariyo si madax banaan, oo ku salaysan dhaqanka farshaxanka dad, laakiin sidoo kale by amaahashada-aragnimo ah ee fannaaniinta ka yimid wadamada kale.

Sida xamuurada rinjiyeynta inay Russia ka yimaadeen?

baayacmushtariyaasha Yurub qarniyo XVI-XVII ah, ganacsiga wadamada koonfur bari Asia, keenay tusaalooyin cajiib ah oo lacquerware rinji in dhulkooda hooyo. Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa ee quruxda iyo asalnimada ee kala duwan ee foomka iyo ujeedada waxyaabaha bariga, qurxiyey images kamuuqdo, sayidkayga ee dalal badan oo Yurub ah ayaa bilaabey in ay ka dhigi iyo qurxin noocyo kala duwan oo wax ku style "Chinese".

horumarinta halista ah ee wax soo saarka maadooyinka, xamuurada lagu qurxiyey farshaxankiisa, dalalka Yurub sida Holland, England, Germany iyo France, ayaa ka dhacay oo keliya qarnigii XVIII ka.

industrialist Ural Nikita Akinfievich Demidov safray si ballaadhan ee Europe, halkaas oo uu ka noqday xiiso fikradda ah rinjiyeynta xamuurada. In 1778, in Urals ah, Nizhny Tagil, Urals waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan kalluumaysiga rinjiyeynta ubax on biraha.

Dhacdo Zhostovo VARNISH Rinjiyeynta on Birta

Made in Urals iyo qurxiyey xamuurada rinji laabta biraha iyo baakidh, Ashuummada iyo baaldiyo, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee maalin walba la iibiyey ma aha oo kaliya in carwooyinka hoose iyo Krestovskaya Irbit, laakiin sidoo kale carwada Makarevskoy Qaranka ee Nizhny Novgorod.

waxyaabaha laga yaabaa in halkan waxaa loo arkaa in sayid Ural waxyoonay walaalo Vishnjakova on xamuurada rinji baakidh biraha. Vishnjakova ganacsiga qoyska tan iyo 1825 inta badan soo sameeyay sida rinjiyeynta xamuurada ah waxyaabaha kala duwan ee papier-mache dhigay a - sanduuqyada buuriga, kiisaska sigaarka, albums, iyo maddiibad sonkorta iyo sanduuqyada.

Tan iyo 1830, inta badan dukaamada ku yaalla tuulooyinka kaniisadda Trinity, sida, Saddexmidnimada Khlebnikov iyo Zhostovo joogsadeen in ay soo saaraan waxyaabaha of papier-mache ka dhigay, oo u wareegeen wax soo saarka iyo rinji ku furto biraha.

dhawaanshaha in caasimadda ah ee kalluumaysiga loo ogol yahay in ay sameeyaan oo aan dhex- oo ay leeyihiin suuqa joogta ah, iyo sidoo kale la awoodi karo in la iibsado qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah.

History of horumarinta ganacsiga

Laga bilaabo 30-mada ay qarnigii XIX si uu u sameeyo oo waxaad qurxisaan baakidh kamuuqdo bir bir ah ku dhowaad dhammaan tuulooyinka ku hareereysan. Wakhtigan Zhostovo rinjiyeynta khibrad ugu sarreysa ee ay caan. In sano ka dib markii kacaanka baahida loo qabo sayid waxyaabaha Zhostovo maratay dhacay, taasoo keentay in ay midoobeen farshaxan kala duwan ee laga iskaashi xirfad yar.

In 1928, oo dhan iskaashi yar ee Trinity Quduuska ah, Novosiltsev Zhostovo iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku hareeraysan isugu yimid in gaar ah iskaashi "Metallopodnos" xarunta ay gacanta ku Zhostovo.

Waqtiga ugu adag rinjiyeynta Zhostovo, sida ugu farsamada gacanta kale, 40-50s steel ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waxay ahayd waqti this waxaa si weyn hoos u sii daayo baakidh, laakiin waa dhowr jeer kor u-soo-saarka ee alaabta kalluumaysiga carruurta aan muhiimka ah ee. Zhostovo rinjiyeynta caruurta - waa alwaax iyo bir saxaarad yar ah, baaldiyo iyo majarafadihii, qurxiyey xubno shaqsi.

taariikhda casriga ah

Khrushchev ee "dhalaalid" sameeyey farqi wanaagsan ee nolosha kalluumaysiga. In 1960, ee iskaashi "Metallopodnos" ayaa lagu habayn iyo helay magaceeda la joogo - warshad Zhostovo of rinjiyeynta madaxtooyada. Attention oo ka socda dawladda, iskaashi firfircoon ee sayid iyo culimada ku hawlan bandhigyo labada gudaha iyo dibadda kala duwan ayaa loo ogol yahay kalluumaysiga si aad u hesho ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka muddada dheer.

Maanta warshad waxaa si firfircoon uga shaqeeya, shuqullada shaqaalaha qoray in fanaaniinta iyada qurxisaan Bannaanbaxyada ee matxafyada badan oo caalamka ah, iyo sidoo kale guriga ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah dhaqanka, sayniska iyo siyaasadda.

Features of formation

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, Zhostovo rinjiyeynta horumariyo sarkhaansan yihiin cillaanka ubax Ural on biraha. Laakiin sayidyadeedii Zhostovo asal baaraandegi iyo qurxinta waxyaabaha kala duwan ee papier-mache sameeyey, ay awoodaan si ay u gudbiyaan oo dhan daahfurtay in farsamada ay baakidh biraha. Waayo, iyagoo qaba sirwaalladoodii, waxay ku darey iyaga u gaar ah, iyo sidoo kale varnish copal gaar ah.

saamaynta No yar ee kalluumaysiga iyo horumarinta waxaa yaalla meel u dhow xarunta of miniatures xamuurada lukutinskih. Waayo, formation stylistic sii Zhostovo rinjiyeynta saamayn dhaldhalaalka Rostov iyo yabban ubaxa Ivanovo daabacayaa suuf, iyo rinjiyeynta galaas, waxaa la sameeyaa oo ku saabsan warshadaha magaalada hareeraheeda ah.

Laga soo bilaabo waxa iyo sida loo sameeyo furto?

baakidh Modern Zhostov ka samaysan yihiin laba siyaabood: by jediyay iyo ildheer.

Maxaa yeelay, bir sheet caadiga on macsarada farsamo gaar ah ka dhigi meelaha banaan for baakidh qaababka caadiga ah iyo tirada. Next, in saxaafadda koronto taasi oo ka wasakhahaasi gaarka ah iyo stamp isku dhafan qaadeen seaming geesaha - interlining. saxaarad kuusha A si ay u noqdaan madax, heysta iyaga diidanaa.

Artists Zhostovo rinjiyeynta shaqeyn karaan oo keliya ma la foomamka baakidh caadiga ah. Ay doorashada waxaa jira 26 Foomamka caadiga ah kaas oo ay doortaan design ugu habboon. hovslager Markaas, haddii ay tahay mid gaar ah, sababta waxa laga soo qaatay (tumaal), manufactures abuurtay saxaarad. Si taas loo gaaro, go'yaal biraha dhowr maqas gacanta ka gooysaa oo qooys, taasi oo markii dambe, sarkhaansan dubbe la jiido iyo reebay. Marka seaming laayeen riday fiilooyin gaar ah saxaarad, kaas oo bixiya xooggeedii ka dibna laftiisa waafajiyaan laayeen dubbe.

Sida ku furto waxaa loo diyaariyey rinjiyeynta?

Marka ku furto ayaa helay qaab iyo seamed, ay badali doono labada dhinac Putty ka kooban aan nuurad lahayn, oo badhxan ee saliidda lagu qalajiyo. Marka saxaarad badali qalajiyey foornada gaar ah, sayidkayga gruntovschik qiraan dusha sare la xoqo, ka dibna waxay khusaysaa lakabka kale ee Putty. Markii hore saxaarad daboolay laba lakab Primer madow oo ka kooban dhoobo kaolin, la shito, danbas Holland iyo saliid. Lakabka kasta waxaa la qalajiyey oo si taxadir leh loo qoray. Maanta, ma aha hab dhaqanka ee Primer ka codsatay, waxaa loo isticmaalaa halkii dhaawici ciidda brown warshad damiya ka. Ka dib markii qalajinta saxaarad shpaklyuyut badali doono oo la engejiyey. Markaas saxaarad Putty gacanta qoray dhagax pumice ah.

Markaas waxaa laga codsadaa gal rinjiga saxaarad madow ah oo ku saleysan betroolka, iyo ka dib qalajinta mar 2-3 layers dahaarka varnish saliid madow. saxaarad The la qalajiyey iyo diiray gaadhsiiyey by artist ah oo ku saabsan rinjiyeynta ah.

Sidee jeeda midab on baakidh?

Zhostovo warshad rinjiyeynta madaxtooyada, marka lagu daro baakidh dhaqameed oo ka soo jeeda madow, manufactures alaabta, kuwaas oo soo jeeda casaan, buluug, cagaar iyo buluug. Si ay iyaga ugu abuuri on saxaarad baxaan daaha khafiif ah xamuurada iftiinka. Ilaa ay la qalajiyey soo baxay, ha ku rusheeyo naxaas ama budada aluminium. Marka asalka metallized qalalan yahay, waxaa rinji midabka aad rabto in aad lessirovochnomu rinjiga, oon bixinta xooggan oo buuxa lixaad qaba, laakiin waqti isku mid ah birqayso ah, sida asalka ah translucent.

Rinjiyaynta ku saabsan asalka midabka ah u baahan yahay isbedel midab sida muuqaalada iyo farsamooyinka. Sidaas darteed, kaliya wax yar loo qoondeeyey si kajan ah iyo in yar oo gal la 'oo hooskii.

Art rinjiyeynta Zhostovo saxaarad

saanacyadii Zhostovo qabtaan burush rinji Dabagaale gaarka ah iyo rinjiga saliid qasi jiray betroolka iyo saliid linseed. artist kasta waxaa isku mar ka shaqeeya waxyaabaha dhowr. Si aad u soo dheegato quruxda loo isticmaalaa rinjiga cad la varnish (gulfarba), saydhaa budada aluminium, ama waxa loogu yeero dahab dhalaalay - walaaqo dhuuqi jiray ama budada dahab xamuurada hufan.

Zhostovo rinjiyeynta waxaa loo sameeyaa laba marxaladood: zamalevka iyo yididiilo. In talaabo artist burush zamalevki ballaaran barbaro ka kooban dushana ugu muhiimsan on dusha shaqada ee saxaarad ah. Waayo, hirgelintiisa isticmaalaa milo (razbelennye) rinjiga. Markaas saxaarad zamalevkoy codsatay waa qallalay 12 saacadood ah golaha wasiirada qalajiyo.

Intaas ka dib, sayidkii bilaabmin iyo barbaro dhalista ah meelaha dhalaalaya, soo rogay iyo Hooskooda midab iyo horuu qoray mugga in siiyo ka kooban. Stamens ubaxyo iyo baxo oo xariijimo khadadka khafiif ah silhouetted. xubno Major Zhostovo rinjiyeynta, sida ubax weyn, oo la xidhiidha yar afkoda, cawska iyo qaybaha kale ee halabuurka ah. The wax sharraxsan, heshiiska cusub ee ku saabsan guddiga.

shaqo ku dhameysatay saddex safeeyey la varnish oo la engejiyey in foornooyinkaaga dhexdooda, ka dibna dusha gacanta otpolirovyvayut ilaa dhamaad muraayad.

yabban rinjiyeynta aasaasiga ah

Inta badan fanaaniinta Zhostovo qabtaan qabanqaabada ubax fudud oo ah qaab bouquets, oo rhythmically talantaalli beerta weyn oo ah ubaxa yar. Sida caadiga ah, ku darey saldhig ka koobnaan ubaxyo badan oo dhowr ah, sida Rose, Aster, Peony, Dahlia Tulip ama hareereeyeen by ubax dabacsan yar oo ku hari oo isku xiran oo khafiif ah afkoda, saqaf iyo caleemo. Waxa intaa dheer in ubax beerta waaweyn, fanaaniinta qaar ka keenaan foodda ka kooban violets suubban, ubaxyada, bindweed ama pansies.

Bouquets sida beer iyo ubax duurjoogta ah dhammaystiri kartaa image ee midhaha, berry, shimbiraha iyo dhicin. Mararka qaarkood Ranjiilayaasha muujinayaan baakidh weli kaliya innoogu oo miro ama rucubood oo berry sida Rowan.

Waxa intaa dheer in diyaarinta ubax, iyo sheekada loo abuuray rinjiyeynta Zhostovo, sawir taas oo aad ka arki kartaa hoos. Sida caadiga ah, waxa ay gaysteen goobaha laga nolosha dadka caadiga ah, muuqaal, Bbc, iyo sidoo kale seddexda faras. By waaweyn iyo, Zhostovo rinjiyeynta (sawiro waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in maqaalka) - waxa run ahaantii waa farshaxan.

Dhegeysiga ka dhigan tahay Arts Zhostovo Applied

Markii hore, oo sideeda oo Saxamo waxaa laga soo farshaxankiisa, laakiin ay u macneeyeen artist kastaaba wuxuu lahaa isaga u gaar ah. sayid Maanta ogaadaan darey hadda classical, laakiin sidoo kale doonaya in ay ka heli kuwo cusub.

Waa in la ogaadaa in shaqo kasta darey rinjiyeynta Zhostovo waxaa ayiday in diyaarad oo ku xiran yihiin si ay u sameeyaan saxaarad, waxay si fiican u wareejiyo si qoto dheer shuruud iyo waxyaabaha mugga barbaro. hab muhiim ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada Zhostovo tahay waa dheelitirka jiibta iyo midab of sawirka.

Waxaan u ogaan karaa?

Baro waxa Zhostovo rinjiyeynta, sida ay u soo jiid farsamada this, waxaa suurtagal ah in Zhostovo ah. Warshadda, wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo caan adduunka oo dhan, waxaa lagu Hanuuniyey tours ee baakidh matxafka iyo fasalo sayidkiisa in barbaro xamuurada. Ku dhawaad magaalo kasta waxay leedahay hay'adda socdaalka a bixiya safarada in Warshadda, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa sida loo sameeyo rinjiyeynta Zhostovo. class Master ku dul waxaa sidoo kale ay bixiso barnaamijka. Dalxiiska si Zhostovo si madaxbanaan loo abaabuli karaa, pre-xiriir la matxaf iyo saacadood ku daray hawlgalka.