The sculptors ugu caansan ee dunida iyo shaqadooda. sculptor Ruush caan

The curiyay aadanaha marka hore in la odhan karaa waa farshaxan u muuqday in wakhtiyada innoo oo ahaa sanamyada, caabuday by awowayaashayo. In ka badan boqol ee la soo dhaafay kun oo sano farshaxanka farshaxan ayaa gaadhay arag, oo maanta waxaan ka arki kartaa masterpieces dhabta ah, mar walba jeclaa by visitors iyo jidka maraya, by ee matxafyada iyo jidadka magaalooyin badan oo adduunka ah. Sidaas kuwaas oo ka mid ah fannaaniinta Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye caanka ah ee kala duwan jireen waagii sheegan kartaa in magiciisa waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "sculptors si fiican u yaqaan," iyo qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii ay ku jiraan sanduuqa dahabka ah ee farshaxanka dunida?

sculptors caanka ah ee dunida qadiimiga ah

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, farshaxanka farshaxan asalkiisu ka soo jeedo sanado badan ka hor, sida laga arday dhagaxa badan iyo dhoobo images saddex waji leh dadka, xayawaanka iyo xayawaan-awaalka, inta lagu guda jiro helay excavations qaddiimiga ah. Dabcan, ninna waxba kama oga, kuwaas oo qorayaasha ay, laakiin taariikhda ayaa sii raagayaan magacyada qaar ka mid ah sculptors weyn ka shaqeeyey in muddo ah ka soo BC ee qarnigii 14aad. e. iyo ka hor AD qarnigii 1aad. e.

Tusaale ahaan, su'aasha ku saabsan yahay kan sculptors ugu caansan dunida qadiimiga ah, iyo kuwo kale, hubi inaad sheeg sculptor weyn qadiimiga Masaarida Thutmose Junior. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey maxkamadda Fircoon Akhenaten ah, oo abuuray mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan ee muddada tahay Amarna - isku dhaceen ee Queen Nefertiti. war dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waxaa uu yahay kii ugu sculptors ugu caansan ee muddada Greece iyo Rome qadiimiga ah waa. Gaar ahaan, hadalkii naakhudihii iyo Critius Nesiot abuuray BC qarnigii 5aad. e. Halabuurka fiican iyo Garmody Aristogiton in markii dambe wax ka badan hal mar u waxyoonay sculptors ka dib markii. meelaha Xitaa weyn ee naqshad farsamada sameeyey Phidias weyn, waa kii qoraaga of taalada Yubiter oo dahab iyo foolmaroodi ah, loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah yaabab ee dunida qadiimiga ah. Waa wax aan macquul ma ah in la ogaado ka qayb wayn horumarinta farshaxanka qadiimiga ah, kaas oo la sameeyey by sculptors caan ah sida Scopas, Praxiteles iyo Lysippos, abuuray wax-u fardaha ee Saint Mark. Sida ee sculptors Roman, inta badan curiyay iyagoo, sida caanka ah Apollo Belvedere, waa nuqulada asalka Giriigga.

sculptors caanka ah ee dunida; qarniyadii dhexe

Sida aad ogtahay, bilowga muddada taariikhi ah in raaceen dayrta ee Roman Empire Galbeed, waxa aan ahaa wakhtiga ugu wanaagsan ee horumarka ah ee farshaxanka. Taasi waa sababta ma shuqullada gaar ahaan muhiim ah oo ka mid tahay farshaxan tirsan qarniyadii 5-12 th, maanta lama yaqaan. Nasiib wanaag, muddo dhigaya kiniisadda bilaabay inay ku buriyaan, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay farshaxan quduusiintii iyo taliyayaashii, kuwaas oo qorayaasha ayaa loo ogol yahay naftooda in ay guuraan ka Buzadag adag tahay diinta ka dhigi curiyay ay ka badan lifelike. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan yarayn kartaa sayid sida aabbihiis iyo ina Pisano, oo u shaqeeyn jiray goor dambe oo qarnigii 13aad iyo horraantii 14. Iyo, dabcan, marka ay timaado waa kii sculptors ugu caansan ee muddada Gothic, ma la odhan karaa Adam Kraft abuuray meel allabari oo raaxo leh Tetzel Chapel.

Waa naqshad Art Renaissance

Waxaa laga yaabaa in waxa adag in qof kii aan ogayn oo sculptors ugu caansan oo camal ay muddada Renaissance ah. Ka dib oo dhan, in Zaman this ka mid ah masterpieces sida taalada reer Daa'uud iyo Pieta ah by Michelangelo, nuqul ka mid ah kaas oo la qurxiyey kaniisadaha Catholic dunida oo dhan, iyo sidoo kale halkaas tiir xusuus ah in Gattamelata by Donatello iyo "Perseus" Benvenuto Cellini. Sayidkooda Faransiis xusid mudan Zhana Guzhona iyo Germain Pilon, kuwaas oo sarkhaansan asxaabteena Talyaani shaqeeyay.

sayid yaqaan of farshaxan ee qarnigii 18aad

Tusaale A heer sare ah farshaxanka farshaxan jeer casriga ah waa Trevi Isha caanka ah ee Poli Palazzo ee Rome, loo arkaa mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ee caasimada dalka Talyaaniga. Waxaa la maalgaliyo by Nicola Salvi iyo Pietro Bracci kaasoo sameeyey tirada of Neptune iyo Triton. Qarnigii 18-kii waxa uu ka shaqeeyay iyo Antonio Canova, caan tombstones ee Popes ah ay, iyo sidoo kale sculptors ka France Edmond Bouchardon iyo Zhan Batist Pigall si fiican u yaqaan. Sida ee Masters British, ka mid ah seddexda ciyaaryahan ee asalka ah oo ka kooban Dzhona Flaksmana, Iosifa Nollekensa iyo Thomas Banks.

farshaxan Yurub ee qarnigii 19aad

Bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by muuqaalka kore ee xiddigaha dhalaalaya oo dunida ka mid ah farshaxan - Bertel Thorvaldsen, kuwaas oo sanadkii 1803 soo bandhigay in dadweynaha ay "Jason" ah. Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee adduunka cod weyn, oo wuxuu noqday mid aad loo jecel yahay in odayga caanka ah ee macaamiisha ka yimid dalalka kala duwan, oo ay arrin nolol dheer hal abuur xardhay darey badan oo heer sare ah iyo sawirrada dadka caanka ah. Gaar ahaan, waxaa xusid mudan ee friezes weyn, iyagoo muujinayay waaweyn ee Aleksandra Makedonskogo, wuxuu abuuray 1812 decoration ee Palace Quirinal ah.

Marka la fiirinayo su'aasha ah ee waxay ahaayeen sculptors ugu caansan oo shuqulkoodii iyo qarnigii 19aad, mid ka mid ah kuwii hore u soo dhaca maskaxdooda yahay magaca Auguste Rodin. Oo ma aha la yaab leh, tan iyo markii uu abuurka "fekeraya The" iyo "Kiss The" aqoonsaday masterpieces ugu weyn ee farshaxan dunida. Sida ee sayid of farshaxan ee Germany, u qalmaa Xusuuso gaar ah L. Shvantaler kan Abuuray shuqullo badan oo cajiib ah soo jiidaan daaraha waaweyn iyo dhismayaasha kale ee muhiimka ah ee Munich.

Sculptors 20-21 qarniyo

Qarnigii la soo dhaafay, xeerkii ka sayid weyn Talyaani sii Dzhakomo Mantsu, caanka ku ah abuurkiisa of "Gate of Death", u sameeyey Cathedral ee St. Peter ee Rome. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa xusid mudan fannaaniinta sida Zhak Lipshits iyo Osip Tsadkin, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyey style surrealist ah. category ah "sculptors caanka ah ee dunida ugu" waxa loola jeedaa Alberto Giacometti, abuuray 1961, shaqo ka mid ah "nin ku dul socda", kaas oo lagu qiyaasay Sotheby ee 104,3 milyan oo doolarka Maraykanka. Waxaa ka mid ah sculptors ee qarnigii 20aad, waxa ay sidoo kale xusid mudan Fernando Botero, Lynn Chadwick Barri Flanagana iyo.

sculptors caan ka Russia 18-19 qarniyo

La hadal ah oo ku saabsan farshaxanka farshaxan ee Russia muhiim ma ahan in ay ka hor-Markos ayaa marxalad, sababta oo ah waxay si fudud kajirin. saldhig St. Petersburg inaga dhigay fekero qurxinta daaraha waaweyn iyo farshaxan god, sidii ay ahayd caado ah in wadamada Yurub, si maxkamadda bilaabay inuu ku yeedhi fanaaniinta shisheeye. Sayidka, ugu horeeyay ee loo yaqaan sculptors "Ruush" ahaayeen ajaanib ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan maqlay dhowr intaais, ee naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn aabbihiis mustaqbalka tuuray - K. Rastrelli.

Ka dib markii la aasaasay oo ka mid ah Academy of Arts Catherine II waxaa bilaabay inuu la tababaray iyo Russia. Gaar ahaan, in sannadihii iyada boqornimadiisa waa Horseedka Sharaf of farshaxanka gudaha of farshaxan sida F. Shubin iyo M. Kozlovsky iyo F. lageliyay, kuwaas oo abuuray Samson caanka ah. Gaar ahaan wax badan oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta tayo soo baxay in qarnigii 19aad. Gaar ahaan, inta lagu jiro xilliga this abuuray sculptors sida fiican u yaqaan Ruush sida M. M. Antokolsky - qoraaga of taallo in ay Peter weyn ee Peterhof, AM Opekushin, P. Velionsky iyo I. N. Shreder.

farshaxan Art of muddada Soviet iyo post-Soviet

Mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu garan karo of farshaxan ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, dabcan, waa taallo caanka ah by Vera Mukhina "Shaqaalaha iyo Collective Farm Girl" - qiray masterpiece ah xaqiiqo bulshada. No wax ka yar xiiso iyo shuqulkii E. Vutechicha kan Abuuray "Warrior-liberator" ee Berlin ee Treptow Park iyo taalada caansan dunida ee "hooyo The", iyo M. Anikushina - author of taallo A. ku P. Chehovu iyo Pushkin, taas oo la aasaasay in Leningrad ee 1957.

Sida kuwa ka sculptors ugu caansan Ruushka ee muddada post-Soviet, malaha, waa in loo gudbiyaa, iyo Ernst Lama yaqaan, kuwaas oo uu shaqada in times Soofiyeeti bilaabay, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu haajiraan si ay u Maraykanka, oo ay shaqo ugu weyn - "maaskaro of murug" Magadan xusuus ah oo ka mid ah dhibanayaasha cadaadis Stalin - abuuray 1996. sayidkiisa kale oo farshaxan, ayaa si weyn loo aqoonsaday in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay - Shemyakin, dhex shuqullada aan u qalmo Xusuuso gaar ah Halabuurka-tiradaasi multi "Carruurta - dhibanayaasha xumada dadka waaweyn".