Smolensk hawlgalka, code-magacaabay "Suvorov". Koorsada dagaalka, kooxda keenta. xoraynta Smolensk

hawlgalka Soviet Smolensk kasameeyo "Suvorov" ayaa lagu qabtey August-October 1943. Xaaladaha ku habboon weerar ku yaala goobahan horumariyo ka dib markii guul Army Cas ee Battle of qabta Kursk iyo hawlgallada mileteri ee degmooyinka Kharkov iyo Orel. Afuufa jihada of Smolensk ahaa muhiim ah, sababtoo ah waxaa la, hoggaanka Soviet u sii socotay inay xidhxidhaan ciidamada ee Wehrmacht ah, oo aan iyagu ha tageen galbeed. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa halkan waa in mustaqbalka uu bilaabay xoraynta Belarus.

Xaaladda at hore iyo taliyayaasha

Amarka Jarmalka lagu qabtay qeybaha sare ee wabigga oo ka mid ah Dnieper iyo deriska Western Dvina ( "Smolensk iridda"), kooxo badan oo ciidamada. In ka badan dherer ah 600 km Wehrmacht urursan 40 qaybsanaanta si buuxda u soo ururay oo horumarsan. Waxay la kala duwanaayeen si fiican u qalabaysan, difaaca ah oo qoto dheer. Kooxdani waxa ay weli khatar ku tahay Degmada Industrial Dhexe ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxay ku qariyeen wadooyinka Mareykanka Baltic iyo Belarus gaaban. Horeba ku salaysan this, hawlgalka Smolensk ee loo moodayay in ay baaritaan dhab ah Midowga Soofiyeeti.

weerar Smolenskaya ayaa lagu eedeeyay Lugbuur Western iyo Kalinin. Ujeedadoodu waa in laga adkaado dhinaca bidix ee "Center" group ciidammada. The hawsha labaad - in la dhiso gacanta shisheeye Roslavl-Smolensk. garabka bidix ee Front Kalinin, amray by General Andrei Yeremenko. Part si firfircoon ku milmay ciidamada horumarinta on meelaha Belgorod-Kharkov iyo Bryansk.

guud labaad, kaas oo noqday guul howlgalkan ahaa Vasily Sokolovsky, taliyaha waqtiga Front Galbeed. Later uu noqdo Marshal Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo goob joog ka saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin ee Germany noqon doonaa.

difaaca Jarmal

Si aad u qabtaan khadadka iyo bari Roslavl Smolensk cadowga qalabaysan lix aag daafaca, si qoto dheer wadarta ah taas oo ahayd 100-130 kiiloomitir. Asal ahaan, la abuuray on bangiyada oo webi: Western Dvina ah, Ugra, Dnieper ah, ee Desna, Sozh. Inta u dhaxaysa, kuwaas oo ah khadadka difaaca degsiimooyinka iyo garoonka of dhibcood tixraaca.

meelaha khatarta taangiga waxaa qariyey ilkaha, boholo qoto dheer masduulaagii iyo burbur. xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, kaas oo maray qaliin Smolenskaya fadilay difaaca Jarmal. Waxay ahayd kaynta ah meelaha la taaban karo ee dhulal. Cities Roslavl Elnya, Smolensk Iartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, ore, Dukhovshchina, Suraż, Vitebsk noqon qanjidhada iska caabin xoog badan. Habab iyaga (iyo sidoo kale waddooyinka iyo buundooyinka waaweyn) inay ahaayeen miino.

Diyaarinta ee sannadka

Intii lagu guda jiray diyaarinta urursadaan oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay howlgal Smolensk, iyo sidoo kale soo dhoobay ciidamada iyo hab. Dhinaca Galbeed ee qoriga 58 qaybsanaanta 42 kooxihii loo qoondeeyay guud ahaan kooxaha durbaanka. Si maamulka adag iyo urur ee bilawga dhawrid iyo amarka posts u dhaw in ay ciidamo si toos ah. qeybinta toogashada kasta oo masuul ka ah qiyaastii 2 km qayb xal muddo dheer.

hawlaha taageerada Air fuliyay 1aad iyo ciidammadoodii oo hawada 3aad. Halabuurka The oo ka mid ah marka hore iyaga ka mid ah soo galay ciidankii "Normandy", kaas oo ka shaqeeya duuliye shisheeye ka France. Volunteers ayaa lagu tababarey dugsiga duulista ee Ivanovo oo kaalin muhiim ah in guuldaradii ee Jarmalka.

Injineerada iyo taageero maadi ah

Operation "Suvorov" dalbaday inay korontada ah fiiro gaar ah. Ciidamada ayaa la jabiyay difaaca Jarmalka si qoto dheer ee xaaladaha cimilada roobaadka iyo dhul adag. Ciidamada Ururka Dhismaha bariyeelay so keeye oo qalabaysan jagooyinka laga bilaabo weerar ah. Waxay sidoo kale la hayo ee gobolka caadi ah oo ka mid ah waddooyinka iyo jid munaaraddii. In zone ee horay ahaa tiro badan oo ah khadadka biyaha, kuwaasi oo ay ku qalabeysan yahay hab gudbo.

Fuliyay taageero farsamo iyo qalab ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet. By bilowgii hawlgalka, ciidamada Red ahaa celcelis ahaan laba rasaas rasaas aasaasiga ah, taas oo aan ku filnayn in Hakadyada difaaca Jarmalka si taxadar leh loo diyaariyey. Aware xadeynta ee kaydka shidaalka. Inkastoo hoggaanka ciidamada isku dayeen in ay soo galaan Wehrmacht ka wareeriya Jarmalka ogaa in Army Cas ayaa isku diyaarinaya weerar baaxad weyn a. Marka tan la eego, Wehrmacht ku lahaa agagaarka of Smolensk, tirada ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee kala qaybsanaanta. kayihiin Soviet waxa uu noqday wax badan ku ool ah ee marxaladda labaad ee weerar Smolensk ah.

Start hawlgalka

weerar Si taxaddar leh loo diyaariyey oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet bilaabay August 7, 1943 (iyada marxaladda ugu horeeyay waxaa lagu magacaabaa ah hawlgalka Badbaadiyeheenna Demenskoj). Oo maalintii weerarka bilowday 5-tii iyo 10aad ilaalada iyo ciidamada 33aad. Dagaalka ayaa daba socday diyaarinta madaafiic ah. Ku kalsoonow, waayo, soon-nasasho ahaa xaq.

On 8 August, weerar tageen 31-Army on jihada Yartsevskaya. Gudbinta Fudud. Maalintii xigtay, dagaallada ugu weyn mar labaad wada joogeen ee u dhow ee halkay-Demensk. Jarmalka halkan ka jihada dhinaca hawlgalka Orlowski iyo Smolenskaya wareejiyo ahaa mid gaabis ah. Ciidamada cadowga xad dhaaf kor u qaadeen iska caabin ah. Oo maalintii afraad oo weerar Ciidanka Cas ayaa dhex maray isku xigta ee difaaca Jarmal ee degmada Kirov ee magaalada. ciidanka tobnaad gudbay webiga Bolva. Gudbinta ahaa oo ku saabsan 20 kiiloomitir.

Koorsada dagaalka

Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha, on 13 August, wuxuu bilaabay inuu weerar Kalinin Front. On jihada Duhovschinskom ahaayeen 39aad iyo 43aad Army. Waayo, shan maalmood waxay ku hormartay kaliya 6-7 kiiloomitir. Isla mar ahaantaana, xeryahooda, kuwaas oo ku guuldareystay in ay qabtaan dejiyey junuud of Wehrmacht ah. Iyada oo ay falsayeen in weerar ee Front Western bilaabay. Operation "Suvorov" la sameeyay iyadoo la kaashanayo of kooxo badan, iyo qaar ka mid ah ciidanka daruuri u yimid inuu dadka kale samatabbixinta.

By 16 August Army Cas galeen magaaladii Zhizdra. Saddex maalmood ka dib waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay joojiso weerarka. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u soo jiid ilaa gadaalka dambe ee stragglers ah. Tan la'aanteed, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in ay bixiyaan unugyada iyo shidaalka iyo rasaas. Intii lagu jiray labadii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyey oo ka mid ah jabhada reer galbeedka iyo Kalinin iyada oo aagga difaaca Wehrmacht ah jihada of Demensk Badbaadiyeheenna ah ku soo jabay, horumarinta 40 kiiloomitir oo la sii daayay oo ku saabsan badh kun degsiimooyinka.

lugta labaad ee

hawlgalka New Elninskaya-Dorogobuzhskaya bilaabay August 28, 1943. Maalintii ugu horraysay, Ciidamada Soviet socotay 9 kiiloomitir. Waayo, horumarinta guusha dagaalka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay 5-tii ku rarayaan iyo ilaalada 2aad Haanta Corps. Jarmalka ayaa la geeyay qoryaha lidka taangiyada iyo isku dayeen in ay joojiyaan ka hor oo ka mid ah counter-joogta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalka ma ahaayeen oo ku filan. August 30 weerar ka qarxay iska caabin ah abaabulan ee Warega of River Ugra ah , oo fiidkii qaaday Yelnya.

Operation "Suvorov" ahaa kii ugu horeeyay in ay keenaan natiijooyin la taaban karo. News of guusha ee Red Army ee Yelnya qasbay Jarmalka inuu u dhaqaaqo jihada of Dorogobuzh. In dabagalka qaybo ka mid ah kuwan, Army Cas ayaa hormartay 18 kiiloomitir, dhameysteen in qiyaastii 200 oo magaalooyinka, tuulooyinka iyo magaalooyinka yaryar. Inta lagu guda jiro dagaal tuulada Borisovke caadiga Tashtemir Rustemov xiray qori mashiinka Jarmal, taas oo uu Ottawa degenaa waxaa noqday Hero ah Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Way galbeed

Oo September 1, Army Cas xoreeyay Dorogobuzh. Waxay soo galay magaaladii Front Galbeed. Waxaana lagu Hanuuniyey by Vasily Sokolovsky. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo this Wehrmacht ka ahayd dibaddeeda ku tuureen kaydka ay dheeraad ah awoodda. horay Soviet Kobocii.

lixaad ee September, Army Cas joojiyay, gaarto jeedin-Gorbachevka Savka Small-Big-Nezhoda Mancina. Halkan horumariyo difaaca awood la caqabado injineer si fiican u tababaran iyo nidaamka dab la abuuray. Inta lagu jiro hawlgallada Elnensko-Dorogobuzhskaya, Army Cas hormartay 30-40 kilomitir, hanashada Yelnia, Dorogobuzh iyo degsiimooyinka kun oo dheeraad ah.

horumarka cusub

At mareysaa heer gabagaba ah hawlgalka Smolensk ee 1943 waxay keeni lahaa in xoraynta Smolensk iyo Roslavl. Diyaarinta weerarka soo socda qaatay dhowr maalmood. garabka bidix ee Front Kalinin, bilaabay on September 14 Duhovschinskom Demidov-shaqayn, iyo guutooyin reer Front Western ku saabsan maalinta ku xigta - ka Smolensk-Roslavl. isbuuca oo dhan ka hor inta li'I soo socda, Army Cas ayaa go'an on khadadka mashquul.

Kalinin qaybo weerar ee hore jihada Dukhovshchina sameeyay. Habeeynimadii of hoggaanka ciidamada la kaashanayo farsamooyinkooda iyo urursadaan dhumiyaan yaabaa cadowga ku saabsan goobta dhabta ah ee Ciidamada Soviet. Kayihiin ahaayeen been ah shaqada daafaca. Waxaas oo dhan oo keliya ka qayb qaatay guulaysiga hawlgalka socda.

maalmood muhim

By 15 September 39aad iyo 43aad ee ciidammadii Kalinin Front u burburiyeen dhowr cutub oo colal ku Wehrmacht iyo balaariyay hore ee uu horumar degdeg ah 30 kiiloomitir. Habeenkii 19, tirada weerarka ka dib waxaa ku eeliyey si xoog leh deyr leh iyo xarun muhiim ah oo iska caabin ah jihada of Smolensk-Dukhovshchina. Maalintii xigtay, ay gacanta ugu jiraan ciidamada Soviet muuqday Yartsevo.

Operation at Smolensk in ay wajiga muhim u yimid. Ficilka ugu guulaha badan ee Front Galbeed. Muddo 5 maalmood ah ay awoodaan in ay u guurto at 30 kiiloomitir ahaayeen. Kremlin ayaa amartay in la sii daayo Smolensk September 27 iyo 21 tirada la sii daayay Demidov. Ka dib markii khasaaraha ka mid ah magaalada cadowga bilaabay inuu u qaxaya garabka bidix ee Front Kalinin, taas oo u dhaqmeen 43aad Army. By 24 September, Ciidamada Soviet ahaayeen 10 km ka goolkiisii ugu weyn ee ay marti.

xoraynta Smolensk

In hal maalin - September 25 - ahaa xoraynta Smolensk iyo Roslavl. Magaalooyinkaas lahaa muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah. Smolensk ahaa unit Ciidamada Difaaca ee Wehrmacht oo dhan galbeed. Marka hore waxa ay ka mid 5 th, 31-aad iyo 58-aad Army. Badiyay qanjidhada isgaarsiinta, cadowga isku dayeen in ay joojiyaan ciidamada Soviet on doonaa Webiyaasha Masar oo ka mid ah Uubo iyo coolant, laakiin Army Cas fashiliyeen isku day kuwan.

Oo 29 September ayaa la sii daayay waa meel kale oo xoog leh - Rudnya. Qaybo ka mid ah Front Western ka gudbay webiga Sozh. Waxay galeen magaaladii Mstislavl, Red, Krichev. Qaybo ka mid ah Front Western sii si ay u weeraraan on jihada Roslavl halkaas oo askari oo ka caawiyay ciidamada Front Bryansk ah. Dhowr maalmood ka dib, on 2 October, waxay gaartay River nugul. horumar degdeg ah Tani waxay keentay in Smolensk hawlgal weerar. Ciidamada Group "Center" gaartay halis ah.

natiijooyinka

Thanks to weerar istiraatiiji Smolensk loo nabareeyey "usheeda dhexe East" ee Wehrmacht ee qeybaha sare ee Dnieper ah. Ciidamada of laba arrimood maray 200-225 kiiloomitir. All la sii daayay ka badan 7000 degsiimooyinka. iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen magaalooyinkoodii sida Smolensk, Yelnya, Roslavl, Yartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, halkay-Demensk, Dukhovshchina iyo kuwa kale.

toddoba kooxihii cadowga la Halaagay. dhamaystirka Successful hawlgalka ee Smolensk ogol yahay in ay dagaal ee Kursk, dagaalkii ay la bilaabay Dnepr ku dhameystaan iyo fuliyaan hawlgalka xoreynta dhamaystiran oo Basin Donets ah.

Inta weerar, Army Cas oo gargaar badan oo aan cadowga ka hawlgala gadaalka dambe ee jabhada ka helay. Waayo, intii laba bilood ah ay ku dhow kala dhantaalmi 200 tareenada cadowga, ilaa afuufeen 10 kun oo biraha Halaagnay oo ku saabsan 6000 askari oo cadowga. Kaliya si ay ula dagaalamaan Xoogaga ka amarka Jarmal lahaa in la abuuro afar qeybinta gaar ah ammaanka.

Total khasaaraha Soviet hawlgal Smolensk ee lacag dhan qiyaastii 450 000 oo qof (oo ay ku jiraan 107 kun - deadweight ah). Sida ay natiijada weerar, isku xirka 104th xilsaaray horyaal sharaf u gaar ah - .. Yelnya, Smolensk, Yartsevo, Roslavl, iwm Kumanaan askar iyo jabhada heshay bilado, iyo geesinimo gaar Sharaf - horyaalka ugu sareeya ee ka mid ah Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti.