Tiyaatarka Greek. History of Tiyaatarka

adduunka inagu xeeran in wakiil ka ahaa Gariig fara qadiimiga ah - waa goobta tiyaatarka, iyo dadka - jilayaasha kan samada ka soo degay inuu ciyaaro doorka, ka dibna tag lagay. On ku salaysan postulate this calaamooyin iyo cosmology asalkiisu ka soo jeedo Tiyaatarka Giriigga, oo si buuxda ay ka tarjumaysaa diinta dadka Gariigta ah. markii ugu horeysay soo bandhigay waxay ahaayeen si qoto dheer diinta ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah ciyaarta waa uu ku dhow in ay nolosha dhabta ah ee dadka caadiga ah.

caan

Xaaladan oo ah te'atradii ku Greek waxa uu la xidhiidhaa nidaam diimeed ee Dionysus oo ah ilaaha reer daaqsinka, koraya khamriga, qaadashada khamriga. Wakiilada ayaa la dhisay on sirqoollada ka go'an in this qabka samadu, oo waxay xaladii la caabudo, kana mid ilaahnimada. Greek Tiyaatarka, u muuqday in BC qarnigii VI oo markiiba qayb ka mid ah nolosha dadka reer Ateenay noqday. ay caanka ah lagu xukumi karaa by dhismaha wayn, indheheeda a Amphitheatre oo kor u jaan 30,000 daawade.

ee la soo dhaafay riwaayado

tiyaatarka Giriigga ee hore ayaa balaariyay eego kala duwanaanshaha qaab, waxaa jiray troupes badan oo ka mid ah jilayaasha ciyaari ma aha oo kaliya riwaayadaha iyo musiibo la xidhiidha Dionysus. The tragedians weyn ee Qarniyadii hore - Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles - qoray riwaayadaha nolosha bulshada Greek, taas oo guulo weyn. Gaar ahaan dhagaystayaasha ku riyaaqay majaajilada ee Aristophanes.

Taariikhda dhan ah te'atradii ku Giriigii hore waxay lid ku tahay macnaha qaab ah. In musiibooyin sida caadiga ah ku tusaysaa sheekooyin iyo halyeeyadoodii hore, taas oo ah ilaahyada dhaqmeen ciidamada amaanaa sida aan la jabin karin. geesiyaal play la diriray dadkii degganaa samada, dhintay, laakiin ma uusan quusan. Comedy, ayaa dhanka kale, waxay ahaayeen funny iyo xirtay qof ostrosatiricheskoy. Jilayaasha tiyaatarka Greek kama muujinin wax ixtiraam ah ilaahyada, iyo mararka qaar xitaa noqdeen kuwo ku qosla. Heroes majaajilooyin way fudud yihiin dadka, farsamo, baayacmushtariyaasha, saraakiisha, annagoo addoommadaada ah, hooyooyinka guri.

qaab masrixiyada waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu qabtay oo ku beegnaa ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki Weyn. waxqabadka ayaa la diyaarin on boosteejo ah oo wareeg hoose ee Amphitheatre ah, kaas oo la odhan jiray "orhestra". Waxaa ku yaaliin nimankii gabayaaga ahaa oo ahaa madaxdii muusikaystayaasha in lagu lifaaqo tallaabada ku. Oo nimankii gabayaaga ahaa guureen goobo, iyo iyaga ka mid ah uu ahaa Jilaa door. Marka hore, oo dhan ee doorarka ee cayaarta ayaa loo xilsaaray in ay hal qaab ciyaareed. In si ay u bartey istaagaan oo ka soo baxay ku xeeran chorus, actor soo xirtay kabaha madal sare - waxa loogu yeero buskins mahad oo waxa uu noqonayaa mid ka sareeya 15 sentimitir.

Dhismaha play ah

Soon tragedian reer Ateenay Aeschylus soo bandhigay jilaaga labaad, iyo sidaas sameeyaan tallaabada more firfircoon. On orhestre muuqday muuqaal, mashiinada dhawaaqa in jilo onkod iyo Hillaac leh, dabayl dugaaggu ka dhex ciyaan iyo roobka. Markaas tragedian daray actor kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorarka noqday iyo aad u badan oo aan xamili waayay xataa saddex jilayaasha iyaga la. Markaas ayaa aannu soo bandhigay waji, mid kasta oo wakiil ka ah si gaar ah. Wixii isbeddel ahaa ku filan in la beddelo waji, oo la tag on stage in gambanaya arimo cusub.

Ee asalka ah, ka danbeeya orhestroy, waxa uu ahaa qol gaar ah - Skene, halkaas oo Actorada waxay ahaayeen aan la arki karin in ay dhagaystayaasha in la beddelo waji, kuwaas oo la sameeyey dhoobo midab leh oo ka tarjumaysaa gaar ah wajiga oo ka mid ah geesiga iyo niyadda. cayimayo ee maaskaro la badan waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa marka la eego iyada dhagaystayaasha isla markiiba la fahamsan yahay inuu doonayo inuu u sheego actor ah, iyo waxa dareenkooda uu isku dayay in uu muujiyo.

Waji saldhig of art masrixiyada

Of muhiimadda gaar ahaa midabka maaskarada: cado madow ka hadlay nabadda iyo caafimaadka wanaagsan ee dabeecadda, cudurka ama hadyada meejeeda, jidh ugu jaalaha ah, oo cas ka hadlay qarsoodi, caro iyo xanaaq gudbiyey maaskaro casaanka. waji muujin shacuurta ahaa ku saleysan oo dhan ee waxqabadka, at fulo talaabo kasta oo masrixiyada. Jilaaga ayaa xoojin kaliya aragti ah ee dhaqdhaqaajinta jirka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa jidhka. Waji tiyaatarka Greek ayaa sidoo kale door ka mid ah afhayeenka, hagaajinta xoogga dhawaaqaysa actor cod.

tartan

Greece tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore waxaa loo tixgeliyaa ah tartamada dalka. Ma baxsan dhaqanka iyo tiyaatarka this. Oo wakhtigii ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki Great oo dhan qaab hoos jiray dab - kasow. ciidaha ayaa abaabulay saddex musiibooyin iyo hanuuninta a comedy garneel. Dhamaadka qaab kasta dhagaystayaasha ay go'aamiso actor ugu wanaagsan, kan ugu fiican hadal, iyo wixii la mid ah calaamooyinka oo dhan in lagu gartaa waxqabadka. Maalinta ugu dambaysa ee ku guuleysatay Great ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki helay abaalmarino.

Aabbayaashow riwaayadaha waqtiga - Eshil, Euripides Sofokl - Naftooda ka mid ah tartanka. Aeschylus, wacdiyaya anshaxa, mas'uuliyadda moral ee qirtay xun, mahad shuqulladiisa ( "Oresteia", "Prometheus", "Faaris The" iyo kuwa kale.) Won 13 jeer. Sophocles loo aqoonsaday tragedian ugu fiican 24 jeer gacan ka images uu musiibo "Electra," "Antigone," "Oedipus". Abwaan The yaraa - Euripides - isku dayeen in ay la qabsadaan la hagayaal ka weyn, characters uu - Medea, Phaedra - qoto dheer cilmi nafsiga.

comedy da'da Aristophanes wakiil shuqullada soo socda: "geboobay", "Riders", "rihii," "Lysistrata", "Peace", "daruuro". Dhagra xabbadood ayaa garneel lagu soo noqnoqonayey xaaladda siyaasadeed ee Greece mudadaas. Marka la barbar dhigo riwaayadaha ah, ku salaysan halyeeyada, Aristophanes comedy ka tarjumaya xaqiiqda.

tiyaatarka Greek, qaab-dhismeedkooda

Dalcadaha ah oo kuraha iyo samada u furan. Greek Tiyaatarka, muddada classical dhisay on mabda'a soo socda: a Amphitheatre degay qaab goobaabin la keenin wax soo baxdo goobta ka ah aagga wareeg ah. Haddii fikirrada sii sloping design, waxaad ka heli qaab xidhan kooban goobo joogto ah. goobada kasta ka kooban yahay blocks dhagax la qoray si qallafsan. dusha dhagax xoqdo, iyo contours ay si fiican loogu talagalay in laabatooyinka yihiin ku dhowaad aan la arki karin. Waayo, heerarka Greek Amphitheatre ee Athens qiimihiisu shaqada Titanic ka mid ah boqolaal kun oo addoommo ah kuwaasoo ka daalin shaqaysannay habeen iyo maalinba. 78 saf oo kuraasta u kala qaybiyey dhowr qaybaha waslad-qaabeeya. Greek Tiyaatarka, daruuri lahaa safka kowaad iyagoo dhabarka for gelbiyaan, wadaaddadii, saraakiil iyo marti sharaf. Dhanka kale, waxaa jira kursiga dhagax la xardho openwork, meeshan waa wadaad ee Dionysus.

Barxad Round, stage masraxa a, orhestra waxa loogu yeero, kala bowd yar ee Amphitheatre ah. waa meeshii, meeshii allabariga ee Dionysus, tallaabooyinkiisa inta lagu guda jiro qaab fanaaniinta ee ay xarunta u fadhiistay. From dunida ka baxsan maraa orhestra xiran - Parodi. Goobta waxaa si joogto ah waaleen quruurux ganaax ama ciid. Later waxaa la laami la blocks dhagax.

Behind orhestry ahaa proskeny - madal ee ururinta jilayaasha hor waxqabadka. Oo gadaashiisana waxaa ku yaalla Skene ama, luqad casri ah, qolka labiska, halkaas oo qaab soo gaaray waji iyo diyaar u tahay inay soo galaan orhestru ah. Dhinaca kasta oo Skene wuxuu lahaa laba baal yar, halkaas oo waxaa lagu kaydiyaa jeesada iyo waji. goobaha Kuwan waxaa loo yaqaan "paraskenii".

Isgaarsiinta hor show ah

Taariikhda dheer ee Tiyaatarka Giriigga calaamadeeyay dhaqan Samra. daawadayaasha ayaa waxaa si wanaagsan u socda ka hor bilowga waxqabadka, dadka tageen line dheer parodies iyo kuraasta madhan fadhiistay. imaanshaha Early waxaa qayb ahaan sharaxay by jecel yihiin in ay qaataan meel fiican. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la go'aamiyay ka hor soo bandhigidda in la deriska la hadal, bartaan news iyo wadaagaan fikirradooda. tiyaatarka Giriigga ee hore ahayd nooc ka mid ah xarunta of isgaarsiinta deggan caasimadda. Sida caadiga ah, dadka la yimid qoysaskooda oo dhan.

Modern Greek Tiyaatarka

Bilowga ee qarnigii 20-aad ee Athens Tiyaatarka waxaa la abuuray "New Stage", oo magiciisa la iska hadlaayo. waajihid ah "Nea hargahood" waa shuqullo ee masraxa Greek iyo qorayaasha ka yimid wadamada kale. Ibsen ee play "The Duck Wild", "Freeloader" Turgenev, "Secret ee Countess Valerie" Ksenopulosa iyo kuwo kale oo badan ayaa lagu ciyaaray oo ay ka mid waajihid ah.

Founder K. Hristomanos Hobollada isku dayeen in ay abuuraan kabka ah galidoonaan qarnigan ugu dambeeyey iyada oon loo eegin dhaqanka tiyaatarka qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga waji leh geesiyaal caadiga ah iyo doorarka aan si wanaagsan u qeexan. Guud ahaan, wuxuu ku samayn, laakiin weli qaar ka mid ah Gudigga ee la soo dhaafay Efrayim waa in waxyaalaha ka soo baxa. Muuqaallo Qaar ka mid ah ma samayn aan actor ee la qaboojiyey qowlka wejiga u eg weji. Mararka qaarkood wajiga looma oggola in ay muujiyaan dareenkooda sidan oo kale ayaa laga yaabaa maaskaro. Sayidka ah qarniyo xiriir.

fadhiidka

In muddo ah ka soo 1910kii si 1920 Giriigga masraxa galay hoos u dhacay. Waxay saamaysay xaaladda kacsan ee bulshada ay sabab u tahay Dagaalkii Adduunka First iyo fadhiidka ah ee dhaqaalaha guud. Dadka ma u leeyihiin in ay circuses. Ku dhowaad dhammaan masraxyada guurtay ku salaysan ganacsiga, iyo in loogu tala galay habeeyn buuxda oo waajihid ah, bedelka ee shuqullada classic of bulvarschinoy ayaa cashir. Isbedelada ahaayeen lama huraan, sida shaleemoyinka bilaabay inuu yimaado shakhsiyadda rollicking kuwaas oo ka doorteen in ay arkaan on stage atariishooyinka bar-qaawan, iyo kuwii kale oo dhan ma ay xiiseyneyso. All isku dayaysa in ay soo nooleeyo masraxa ciyaarta ka classic by Sophocles iyo Aeschylus ku dhammaaday fashil. Waa waqtigii kala duwan, iyo masraxa casriga ah in ay qaataan jagooyinka ay.