Unugyada organics ugu weyn

Ururka cell Chemical ogol yahay joogitaanka walxaha kala duwan iyo xeryahooda. Hadaba, waxa la aasaasay joogitaanka macro- iyo microelements, biyaha iyo cusbada macdanta. Ku jira gacanta iyo qalabka organic, ugu weyn ee oo loo ogaado hantida. xeryahooda waxay kaloo ay leeyihiin saamayn on tiro ka mid ah astaamaha u shaqeeyo ah oo dhan. Waa in la ogaadaa in Halabuurka kiimikada ah ee gacanta warshad iyo xayawaan waa isku mid heerka qaaradda. waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha heerka kelli.

Qaar badan oo walxaha organic unugyada waxaa lagu gartaa in ay ka kooban waxaa ka mid ah u taagoo weyn (macromolecules). Sida caadiga ah, ay ku jira soo noqnoqda, la mid ah qaab-dhismeedka si xeryahooda low-kelli. xeryahooda waxaa lala by bond covalent ah waxaa la aasaasay iyo monomers ah. monomers The, markeeda, foomka Britain ah oo la yidhaahdo polymer ah.

Unugyada organics ugu weyn - yihiin dufanka, acids nucleic, carbohydrates iyo borotiin.

borotiinada

Waxay warsan oo ku saabsan toban ilaa labaatan boqolkiiba. Kuwani polymers aan joogto ahayn ka kooban acids amino sida monomers. Borotiin (marka la barbardhigo xeryahooda kale) waxaa ka fadilnaa qaarkood Tilmaamo muhiim ah. First, unugyada waxay leeyihiin walxaha organic miisaanka kelli weyn. Tusaale ahaan, miisaankiisu kelli of protein muruqa 15 00000 kDa, laakiin, tusaale ahaan, ethyl khamriga - 46.

Iyada oo qayb ka mid ah polymers borotiinada helay oo ku saabsan labaatan acids amino. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah, magaca, guryaha. Britain acid Aamino ka kooban yahay laba qaybood. Mid ka mid ah qayb ka mid ah waa isku mid u ah oo dhan, iyo waxa ku jira group a acid carboxylic iyo kooxda amino ah. Qaybta kale waa ka duwan yahay, iyo waxa loo yaqaan "xagjirka ah".

Borotiin ka ciyaaraan door ah oo il tamar. Inside unugyada dumin in acids amino xeryahooda kuwan. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa Avv borotiinka, halka qayb kale u waasiciyo habka qaybsama qoto dheer. Inta lagu guda jiro dambaysta ah iyo tamarta la sii daayay.

carbohydrates

Kuwani unugyada organics ka kooban hydrogen, carbon iyo oksijiin. All carbohydrates kala qaybsan yihiin monosaccharides iyo polysaccharides. tiro ka mid ah u taagoo dambe ku xiran yihiin, biyo kale oo kasta sii daayo. Sayidka, polysaccharide ah.

Carbohydrates ka mid ah xambaarsan macluumaad dhaxlo - ka acids nucleic.

subaga

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah walxaha xaydha-sida iyo dufanka si toos ah. Subaga leedahay qaab kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay dhan cilmiga la siiyey guryaha guud. Subaga waa beelaya in biyo, sidaas sahlan L. in chloroform, benzene, ether iyo qase kale organic.

Subagga iyo xeryahooda xaydha-sida ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah. Tirada la egyahay miisaan qalalan - 5-15%. Sayidka unugyada qaar ka mid ah content uu gaaro 90%. Fat joogo in caanaha mammalian oo dhan. In hoomboro dumar ah, tusaale ahaan, tirada baruurta ee caanaha - oo ku saabsan 40%.

acids nucleic

Magaca xeryahooda waxyaalahan waxaa loo soo jeeda erayga Laatiin "Bu'da" (xuduntii). Waxyaabahani loo aqoonsaday iyo go'doonsan Fridrihom Misherom unugyada nucleated. xarunta qoondeeyey mid ah fosfooraska, iyo nitrogen In 1869, sanadka ah ee biochemist Swiss.

acids Nucleic sare miisaanka kelli xeryahooda. Waxay hubiyo ilaalinta iyo gudbinta macluumaad hidde ee noolaha. biopolymers Kuwani loo sameeyay cutubyo monomer of nucleotides, kuwaas oo ku jira xaddi weyn. Nucleotides ogaado sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee u shaqeeyo nool.

DNA - Britain ayaa polymeric, kaas oo ka kooban tiro badan oo ah monomers - deoxyribonucleotides. RNA waa polymer ah. monomer The dhexdeeda ay laftu ribonucleotide.