Waa maxay bond ah Madbacada qaranka? Tusaalooyinka walxaha iyo hantida leh

Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo bond kiimikada. iyaga ka mid ah, covalent, macdan, van der Waals, Madbacada qaranka iyo hydrogen. Aan u ogaato waxa ay nafteeda ku Madbacada qaranka iyo waxa hantida.

bond Chemical, waxaa lagu fuliyaa by wareegaayo lammaane electron caadi ah oo ka mid ah la eb yar electronegative, si kale, more electronegative, -Here waxa ay nafteeda ku Madbacada qaranka. Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda sameeyay waxa ay isku dari kartaa feature caadi ah - content ee xarunta leh atamka electronegativity xoog iyo atamka biraha.

eb biraha si fudud ugu deeqday electron ah oo uu noqdo waxbarashada ah. eb A electronegative sida la eb halogeen ah, diyaar aqbala electron ah si ay u sameeyaan ra'iyi ah si xun u eedeeyay. Kuwani waxay qayb eedeeyay - anions iyo siifilisku - iyo u sameeyaan wixii loo yaqaan "bond Madbacada qaranka". Tusaalooyinka dhanba - waa chloride sodium, bromide potassium, iodide lithium, iyo halides biraha kale (inta badan alkali).

Laakiin xidhiidhka ka aan la abuuri karaa by kaliya hal bond Madbacada qaranka. Sababta tani waa noncompensation ciidamada ee soo jiidashada iyo repulsion. Sidaas daraaddeed waa inaad la hadashaa oo keliya ku saabsan lagala kulmo Madbacada qaranka ahaaneed, halka ay weheliyaan la, waxaa jira bond kiimiko kale. Waxaa aad u muhiima in la ogaado.

Waxay leedahay ma jiho guryaha iyo saturable Madbacada qaranka bond. Tusaalooyinka isku xirka la riixdaan iyo saturability - bonds covalent, deeq-aqbalana. Roodhida, iyo non-Madbacada qaranka sababtoo ah muujiyay markii xidhiidhinaya udhigo kale ay la socoto lacag ah ma si buuxda ka qaadaan magdhow. Waxay la xiri karaa oo udhigo kale protivopolozhnozaryazhennye iyo si bixi. in sababta agagaarka ra'iyi waa tirada ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee isaga oo kale ah, laakiin calaamad kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada this waa kooban ay sabab u tahay repulsion ah labada dhinac ee atammada sidoo kale lagu soo eedeeyay. Kortay waxaa lagu gaarayaa marka meel labada dhinac gaar ah, lagu gartaa tirada isuduwidda. Heerka Tani waxay ku xiran ratio ee Fatuuq ee udhigo. Muqaadaraadka la Madbacada qaranka duwo bond inta badan saaraayo ama octahedron iyo wakiil kiristaalo.

Sayidka, crystal reer chloride sodium - chloride sodium - ayaa daaqaddii cubic. In waxa, mid kasta oo la xidhiidha ra'iyi chlorine ee atammada sodium ah, iyo lix kasta ra'iyi sodium - iyadoo lix udhigo chlorine.

The oxides of alkali iyo macdanaha dhulka xumadoodu ayaa lagu arkay bond Madbacada qaranka. Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda sida waa xabagta calcium, xabagta sodium, iyo kuwa kale. Udhigo ka koobnaan kartaa ma aha oo kaliya hal eb ah, laakiin dhowr ah. sida ra'iyi adag gudahood kale ah, iyo inta u dhaxaysa udhigo waxay isku - bond Madbacada qaranka. Tusaalayaal: nooca cusbo sulfate potassium (halkan potassium - waxbarashada sulfate ra'iyi - anion).

Sidoo kale waa in la ogaadaa in ay guryaha ka mid ah walxaha of udhigo kala duwan la taaban karo sifooyinka atamka iyo taagoo of maadooyinka. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, udhigo chlorine daro chloride sodium ah, aan lahayn midab iyo ur iyo muhiim tahay in cuntada, halka chloro kelli - gaaska meelo godgodan oo-jaalle ah oo leh ur pungent - waa sun. atamka sodium A explosively fal biyo, udhigo si xor ah L.