Waa maxay lysosomes ah: Qaabkadhismeedka, oo sideeda iyo shaqada lysosomes

Sida cell waa ay awoodaan in ay "dheefshiido" walxaha in dhicin cytoplasm ah? Jawaabta waxaa laga heli karaa iyadoo loo fiirinaayo waxa lysosomes ah. Waa maxay ay qaab-dhismeedka? Sababo la xiriira sida ay sifooyinka organelles, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan si ay u qabtaan oo ay u shaqeeyaan?

Lysosomes. Features oo ka mid ah dhismaha iyo shaqada

Lysosome - this unugyada organoid yihiin oo ku saabsan 0.2 microns in size, oo colal ku xuub iyo ku jiraan falgalka hydrolytic. Shaqada ugu weyn ee goobooyin sida waa qaybsama ee walxaha soo bandhigay galay gacanta by endocytosis, ama u taagoo iyaga u gaar ah, kuwaas oo aan loo baahnayn.

Waa maxay qaabka lysosomes ee qorshaha?

Cholesterol ama qalabka loo gaysto taasi oo ka hydrolases - ensaymes awood u shaqeeya dhexdhexaad ah acidic. Si ay u ilaaliyaan pH hooseeyo, waxaa gundhig ugu yahay nooca vacuolar-ka lysosome xuub ATPase (nooc-V). Qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee adag ogol lisidda ka dhanka ah Wehliyaha fiirsashada of a protons hydrogen, markaa si ay kordhaan tiradoodu ee organelles jawi hoose.

Hydrolase shaqeyn karaan oo kaliya in jawi acidic. Waxay kaalin muhiim ah difaaca, t. Si aad. In cytoplasm ee gacanta dhexdhexaad ah ficil ahaan waa dhexdhexaad. Haddii lysosomes xuub bartey ay waxyeello, iyo ensaymes waxay ku jireen cytosol ah, ay lumiyaan awoodda ay u dumin walxaha iyo organelles.

Lysosome xuub ka kooban yahay goobaha saxan iyo micellar. farqiyada u dhexeeya lakab oo phospholipids waxaa ka buuxsami doona biyo. In ka badan aagga of xuub kala firdhiyey daloolada badan kuwaas oo sidoo kale ka buuxsami doona biyo, iyo waa la xiri karaa iyadoo u taagoo kala horjeeda. qaybo noocan oo kale ah oo adag nidaamka xuub ka dibna awood u gelin organelles oo u taagoo hydrophobic iyo hydrophilic.

Sidee si ay u sameeyaan lysosomes

Borotiin loo baahan yahay in la dhiso lysosomes waxaa markii hore ku dhexsameeysmo EPR ah. Next, ay u baahan yihiin in ay "tag" by lifaaqaaya hadhay mannose. Tani waxay ka hadhay mannose waa calaamad gaar ah qalab Golgi: borotiinada yihiin hal meel, ka dibna waxaa ku dhexsameeysmo weelka la falgalka lytic. Taasi waxa ay lysosome ah bayoolaji.

The internals of lysosomes ah

Waa maxay lysosome iyo waxa ka kooban ee deegaanka gudaha ee organelles kuwanu?

Inside lysosomes taageeray deegaanka acidic, pH ah oo gaadho 4.5-5. Under xaaladaha sida, falgalka waxay samayn karaan shaqo cholesterol ay. Hydrolase - waa magaca guud ee fasalka ka mid ah ensaymes. Just lysosome ka kooban oo ku saabsan 40 taagoo bayoloji firfircoon kala duwan oo weyni tahay in ay dareen-celin gabi ahaanba gaar ah.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah waxyaabaha gudaha falgalka lysosome waxaa laga heli karaa soo socda:

• phosphatase acid - Cuskada xeryahooda ka kooban kooxaha phosphate,
• nuclease - baabbi'iyaa acids nucleic ;
• protease - Cuskada borotiinada,
• collagenase - wada baabbi'iyaa kan u taagoo of collagen;
• Lipase - Cuskada esters ;
• Glycosidase - dardar reactions cholesterol carbohydrate,
• asparaginase - Cuskada aspartic acid,
• glutaminase - baabbi'iyaa glutamic acid.

Just lysosomes ka kooban oo ku saabsan 40 hydrolases kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, su'aashu waxay waxa lysosome ah, bayoolaji lagaga jawaabi karaa: kaydiyana waxaa ka mid ah ensaymes.

noocyada lysosomes

Qoondee 4 nooc oo lysosomes: lysosomes hoose iyo kuwa sare, hawl autophagic iyo unugyada haraaga ah.

lysosomes Education - geedi socod adag, kaas oo la Ulasocto hawlgalka ee u taagoo kala duwan digayaan dushiisa of EPR iyo dhiig-karka. lysosome Primary - xumbo yar, kaas oo ku dhegay ka xuub of qalab Golgi ah.

lysosome Primary hore ku jira dhismaha oo dhan falgalka loo baahan yahay si ay u burburiyaan macromolecules.

lysosome Secondary - dhismeedka this, mugga weyn. Waxaa la aasaasay by biirtay walxaha asaasiga ah ee xumbada qabsatay endocytosis, ama wax soo saarka dheef cell ay tahay in la takhalusin.

formation autophagosome waxaa la xidhiidha geedi socodka sida autophagy sida - nuugista iyo "dheefshiidi" laysan organelles gacanta ee.

celceliska muddada mitochondria waa 10 maalmood. Marka organelle ma aha samayn karo hawlihiisa, waa in la tuuraa. Ujeedada this, hannaanka ah lysosomes aasaasiga ah iyo ku wareejin mitochondria waxaa isku xidhan. Sidaas darteed, la aasaasay autophagosome weyn gudaha taas oo ka bilaabanayso tageynaa mitochondria galay monomers.

Waa maxay lysosomes ee foomka of Dibi haraaga ah? markan kama dambaysta ah ee hawlaha wixii lysosomes halkaas oo falgalka ku sameeyeen shaqadooda, iyo organelle ahaayeen walxaha in ma aan tegi karo qaybsama dheeraad ah. haraadiga nuxurrada waxaa si fudud u tuuraa of qafis.

Cudurada la xiriira xanuunada lysosomes ah

Falgalka aadan had iyo jeer si fiican u shaqaynayn. Lysosomes function qaybsama la sameeyaa oo keliya marka hydrolase uusan haysan wax isdaba in qaab-dhismeedka. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo ka mid ah cudurada la xiriira lysosomes, ku salaysan cillad ah eulayska.

leexashooyinkaasi waxaa lagu magacaabaa cudurada kaydinta. Taas macnaheedu waa in yaraanta ee eulayska ay substrate ugu muhiimsan si fudud aan ku milmaan lysosome ah, sababta oo ah waxa kor u dhisa oo keena waxyeello ka soo gaartey.

Sfingolipidoz, Tay Sachs-syndrome, cudurka Sendhoffa, cudurka Niemann-Pick, leukodystrophy - oo dhan of cuduradan waxaa la xidhiidha cillad ah enzyme lysosomal ama ay dhamaystiran maqan. cudurada intooda badan waa recessive ee dabiiciga ah.