Waa maxay shirkadda ay dawladdu leedahay ee: Tilmaamo, faa'iidooyinka. Shirkadaha Russia ee ay dawladdu leedahay ee ugu weyn: List, Qiimeynta

Dhaqaalaha dalka wax ku salaysan yahay horumarinta ganacsiyada kala duwan iyada oo loo marayo lacagaha canshuurta si ay khasnadda dalka ee loo sameeyay ay sabab u tahay isku dheelitirnaan wanaagsan. helitaanka lacag xoog, markeeda, - fure u ah guulaha nool, damaanad ah ammaanka, daacad ah dalka, horumarka deggan. Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu weyn ee dakhliga goor walba ee dalalka horumariyo ayaa loo arkaa shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay, liiska oo aynu ka wada hadlay si faahfaahsan kula this article. Shirkadahani waxay ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah ee dhaqaalaha dalka, iyo mararka qaar xitaa ku jiraan boos hoggaamineed ee Misbaax.

Go'aaminta xaaladda shirkadda

Kuwaas oo hay'adaha maaliyadeed noqon karaan kuwo kala duwan ee awoodooda, laakiin guud ahaan, waxay leeyihiin egyihiin qaarkood. Sidaas darteed, shirkadda ay dawladdu leedahay ee - ururka oo laga yaabo of qaab kasta urur-sharciyeed. Waxaa intaa dheer, hantida ay go'an ay leedahay dawladda, si toos ah ama degmada. Maareeyayaasha loo magacaabey in ay xilalkoodii (ka shaqeeya on heshiis) dadweynaha maamulka. Waxaa xusid mudan xaqiiqda ah ee soo socda: Shirkadda gobolka had iyo jeer hanuuniyey ma aha oo kaliya by search for ilaha ugu weyn ee dakhliga, laakiin sidoo kale ku dadaaleysaa in ay daboolaan baahida bulshada, sida magaca laftiisa qeexayaa ururka ayaa sheegay in gobolka waa element a aasaasiga ah ee simaha in doorka abuure iyo macaamiisha.

Qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee

Shirkadda kasta oo ay dawladdu leedahay:

• Waxaa waajib ku ah in ay leeyihiin seal a on kaas oo la sawiray Gobolka ASTAANTA ee Ruushka. Sidoo kale, print waa in la xardhay magaca buuxa ee ururka.
• Waxay leedahay xisaab furan Maaliyadda Federaalka iyo xaq u leeyahay in la furo xisaab hadda ka jirta bangiyada ama meelaha kale ee amaahda kala duwan macaamil maaliyeed.
• Waxa uusan haysan wax xadeyn ku saabsan muddada hawlihiisa.
• Waajib ku ah inay daabacaan warar faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan hawlaha ay sharciga ku hoos.
• Waxaa xaq u leeyahay inuu ku shaqeeyaan ujeeddo ah dakhli ka soo waxqabadka taas oo waxaa la abuuray. Ka dib bixinta dhammaan lacagaha iyo canshuuraha looga baahan yahay sharciga lagu dabaqi karo, shirkadda isticmaali kartaa waxyaabaha ku haray ka dhigan tahay in la gaaro hadafka ku qeexan sharciga Federaalka.
• Waxaa waajib kuma aha in ay la kulmaan waajibaadka qaaday by Ruushka. Taa baddalkeeda, Ruushka mas'uul kama aha hantida shirkadda waa.

xuquuqda

Shirkadda laga leeyahay State hoos sharciga laga yaabaa:

• Fur xafiisyadooda dheeraad ah iyo in la abuuro laamaha kala duwan.
• Noqo xubin ka mid ah ururada iyo ururada kale.
• La galo heshiisyo sharci.
• Waxay leeyihiin calaamado u gaar ah oo ay (pennants, calamada, Astaantooda, iyo calaamadaha kale) iyo in la xeeriyo nidaamka meelaynta iyo isticmaasho qalabka iyo baabuurta ay.

Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee shaqaalaha

Inta badan shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay, kuwaas oo faa'iidooyinka hoos ku qoran, ma awoodaan inay bixiyaan mushaharka sare in ay unit shaqaalaha (marka laga reebo dhigi karaa oo keliya maamuleyaasha sare). At shaqada isla on urur oo kale noqon doonaa si gaara chotkom iyadoo la raacayo Xeerka Shaqaalaha. Taa baddalkeeda, tani macnaheedu lahaa qofka caadiga ah, in:

• Waxaa la damaanad qaaday si aad u hesho entry in buugga. Sidoo kale la heshiiska shaqada waxaa la saxiixi doonaa baajin.
• Iyadoo mushaharka si joogto ah loo hayn doonaa dhammaan canshuuraha looga baahan yahay iyo wax soo biirinta khasab ah in miisaaniyadda dawladda, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ay jiri doonaan wax cabasho ah ka soo baxay xafiiska cashuuraha.
• Oo wuxuu ahaan doonaa xaq u fasax khasab bixisay sanadlaha ah, fasaxa hooyonimada, fasaxa bukaanka.
• Waxa aan la rasaas ka maqnaan doona hogaansamaan dhammaan shuruucda qaanuuniga iyo shuruudaha (heegan hore, lacagaha kala, iyo wixii la mid ah).
• maalin oo shaqo la Caadiga doonaa, waxay ku siin doonaa lacag bixinta dheeraadka ah iyo todobaadkan shaqo si waafaqsan sharciga.

Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah xaqiiqada ah in shirkad dawladdu leedahay, waayo, shaqo doonka dhigeysa shuruudaha ka yar adag tahay da'da, ka badan hay'ad kasta oo gaar loo leeyahay. Tani waa run gaar ahaan loogu talagalay dadka ka weyn intii afartan sannadood ah, taas oo ay heerka maanta ay halis ugu jiraan in shuruudaha shaqada.

isbeddellada Western

In badan oo wadamada reer qaybta galbeed ee dunida wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah waxaa jira feature a caan ku deggan, taas oo ah sida soo socota: dadka dhallinyarada ah marka hore dhisaan mustaqbalkooda iyo naftaada hubiyo saldhig wax wanaagsan mustaqbalka in shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo shirkadaha. Ka dib markii in, ku dhawaad da'da 40-45 sano, waxay beddeli shaqooyin iyo dhaqaaqo shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay, qaababka kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, u ogolaan qofka in uu xoogaa nasato, maxaa yeelay, in ururada sida shaqaalaha ka yar tamarta iyo hawlgabka wanaagsan iyo badbaadada bulshada, taas oo wanaagsan saameeyaa tayada iyo duration nolosha. Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay dhif gelin xayeysiis ah oo ay shaqo ee dunida ugu badan ee Internet-ka, iyo inta badan ugu dhow ula iskaashi la is dhaafsi kala duwan shaqada iyo adeegyada dawladda hoose.

xeerarka abuurka

Abuuritaanka shirkad dawladdu leedahay a waxaa nidaaminaya sharciga. Xaaladdan oo kale, iska hubi si ay u sameeyaan guddiga ka mid ah agaasimayaasha (board kormeerka) ee shirkada (labada - jidhka ugu sarreeya guddiga).

Jirku wuxuu maamulka ee ururka ka qaban karin arrimaha soo socda:

• Oggolaan kara barnaamijka hawlaha muddo dheer. Qoraalkan waxa ka mid ah waa in hirgelinta wax soo saarka, dhaqaale qaab maalgashiga,, haddii la aasaasay by sharciga federaalka.
• Si aad u caddayn mabda'a shaqaalaha mushaharka, kaas oo ay tahay in la siiyo by tiirsanaanta ee heerka mushaharka ee guusha ee Tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah waxqabadka.
• Go'aaminta isticmaalka faa'iidada shirkadda.
• Go'aanso wareejinta hantida wax ururka khasnadda dawladda ee Federation Ruush ah.

Sida jidhka wayn waxay awood u leeyihiin in ay sameeyaan guddi gaar ah iyo guddiyada in la arrimo kala duwan ka qaban. hababka qalliinka ee dhismayaasha la aasaasay oo ka kooban gaarka ah iyo tiro ahaanba ay go'aamiyeen go'aan u gaar ah oo hawlahooda u Board.

shirkadaha laga leeyahay dalka State ee dhaqaalaha

Shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay Ruush leeyihiin jagooyinka hoggaamineed meelo badan oo Federation qaybaha dhaqaalaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaybaha halkaas oo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen hay'adaha dawladda waa mid aad u yar yahay (tusaale ahaan, macdanta dhuxusha, iftiinka iyo warshadaha cuntada).

Kaliya 9% waxaa iska leh dhismayaasha dawladda ee wax soo saarka ee aalkolo. Tani waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya in ay "Tatspirtprom" iyo "Bashspirt" mahad suurto gal.

Isla tiradaasi ku filan hooseeyo - 9% - caadiga ah ee shirkadaha dawladda iyo dhismaha.

Saamaynta lays gobolka in industry saxarka iyo warqad ku saabsan tahay 12%. Dakhliga waa kaliya mid ka mid ah shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay deeqday in khasnadda - Federaalka State Mideysan Enterprise "Gosznak". The hantida ugu weyn ee isku aagga this sanado badan iska leh shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo shirkadaha.

qaybta isgaarsiinta ayaa waxaa saameeya gobolka keliya ee 14%. Ururka ugu weyn ee dawladda ayaa halkan jooga "Rostelecom". April 1, 2011 ku xiran yihiin in ay ahaayeen siddeed shirkadaha gobolka "Svyazinvest" iyo tiro ka mid ah shirkadaha dhexe gobolka federaalka.

ka qaybgalka State ee wax soo saarka ee baabuurta, isjiidka iyo semi-isjiidka waa 17%, iyo in la abuuro of qalab iyo mishiino - 15%.

meel aad u daciif ah saameyn gobolka ee ka fiirsato of senti ee macdanaha kala duwan iyo metallurgy. Halkan, shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay kaliya 3% in metallurgy non-ferrous. Isla mar ahaantaana ganacsiga birta si buuxda ay leeyihiin shaqsiyaad gaar ah.

Oil. dalka ka talisaa 23% ka mid ah warshadaha. control State waxaa sabab u ah hantida ka mid ah "Rosneft" iyo "Gazprom Neft".

korontada iska leh dhismayaasha dawladda by 35%. Saamiga ugu wayn ee gobolka Moscow ee ( "Mosenergo" MOESK) iyo qaab federal ah.

Marka la eego in gobolka uu leeyahay in ka badan nus ka mid ah saamiyada "Gazprom", control of warshadaha gaaska dalka waa 48%.

57% - in uu yahay sida badan waxaa iska leh shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay ee wax soo saarka, oo weelasha oo kala duwan, meel iyo diyaaradaha. Xukuumada Federaaliga ah ee waa mid aad u xoog badan in Ufa Engine Industrial ururka, Helicopter Kazan Plant, warshad diyaarad ee Ulan-Ude, Dhismaha maraakiibta Company Midoobay.

Saamaynta ay ku xooggan ee shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay weyn yihiin in industry gaadiidka - 73%. Halkan u timid inaad ku dhuumaha tareenka foodda qabanayn, saliidda iyo gaaska. gaadiidka Tareenka waxaa maamula JSC "Ruush Tareennada", kaas oo si buuxda u leedahay gobolka. Dhuumaha ka yar tahay ah "Transneft" control, iyo dhuumaha gaaska -. "Gazprom"

monoboli wadada

Company State "Waddooyinka Ruush" waxaa la abuuray oo ka shaqeeya si gaar ah loogu ujeeddada fulinta hawlaha macaamiisha ah ee geedi socodka of design, dhismaha, dib u dhiska, habeeyn iyo dayactirka waddooyinka. Shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale ku hawlan ururka gaadiidka (oo ay ku jiraan gacanta socodka gaadiidka), hubinta heerka loo baahan yahay ee adeegga (xawaaraha, raaxada, amniga), ujrada for isticmaalka wadooyinka toll, kormeeraa bixinta nabadgelyada waddooyinka, qiimeysaa sifooyinka hawlgalka baabuur waddooyinka . Intaa waxaa dheer, hay'ad dawladeed ka bixisaa talo, injineernimada iyo adeegyada kale ee ay ka howgala loogu talagalay dhaqdhaqaaqa. Waxaa ka mid ah waajibaadkooda ay ka mid daabacaadda iyo loogu talagalay Abuuridda Atlas of Jidadka Federation Ruush. Shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale waxay abuurtaa, qalab iyo khuseysaa habab cusub oo ay ku sharciyaynayso socodka gaadiidka, hayaa diiwaanka of heerka shil waddooyinka. Isla mar ahaantaana ururka wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in ay soo gudbiyaan si ay u abaalmarinta shaqaalaha dawladda ay, ka hawlgala waaxda wadada.

Abuur shirkad dawladdu leedahay a, waxaa la go'aamiyay July 17, 2009. Ku saleysan in ay shaqo u saxiixay by Dmitry Medvedev, Sharciga Federaalka.

In 2014, shirkadda gobolka "Waddooyinka Ruush" ayaa heshiis la Direct Investment Fund Ruush u sarreeyey si wadajir ah ay u soo jiito maal mashaariicda kala duwan ee ka howgala gaadhay ee kaabayaasha gaadiidka. Heshiiskan wuxuu u kordhin doonaa qadarka dhismaha wadooyinka cusub ee dalka ay gacanta ugu jiraan gobolka. Heshiiska ogol yahay in ay ka maal-gashadayaasha ajnabiga keentay sawiri aan ka yarayn 25% ka mid ah maalgelinta mashruuca.

June 24, 2016 Beijing ayaa wadahadalo guddiga IGAD Ruush-Chinese on iskaashiga maalgelinta, kuwaas oo goob joog ka ahaa madax ka ah "Avtodor" Sergei Kelbakh. Natiijadan ayaa kulanku waxa uu ahaa in la ansixiyo liiska mashaariicda dhismaha waddooyinka mudnaanta. Gaar ahaan, fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in dhismaha wadada "Europe - Western Shiinaha". Mashruucan ayaa wuxuu qayb ka yahay laf-dhabar u ah jidadka waaweyn-xawaaraha sare. In dhismaha shirkadda gobolka Ruush this caalamiga ah waa fuliyaha, oo waxay yeelan doonaan si ay u dhisaan oo ku saabsan 2.3 kun oo kilomitir oo ah waddooyinka. Mashruuca ayaa waxaa ka mid ah laba marxaladood. The ugu horeysay ee 567 kiiloomitir oo waddada weyn-xawaaraha sare ee M-11 (Moscow - Saint-Petersburg). Wejigii labaad - laga bilaabo Road Dhexe Ring soohdinta la Republic of Kazakhstan.

Kooxda expanses Ruush

Shirkadaha dawladdu leedahay ee ugu weyn Russia ee, dabcan, waa ururada kuwa, kuwaas oo inta badan lagu go'aamiyo xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka oo dhan. Sidaas darteed noqon lahaa aad u faa'iido badan si ay u eegaan liiska dhaxeeya kooxo kuwan. oo iyaga ku dhex muuqato;

• "Technologies Ruush".
• "Rosatom".
• "RusHydro".
• Grid Company Federaalka System Energy Unified.
• "Rosneft".
• "Gazprom".
• "Transneft".
• Rao "Energy Systems of East ah".
• "Aeroflot".
• "United Diyaaradaha Corporation".
• "Tareennada Ruush".
• "Almaza-Antey".
• "United Dhismaha maraakiibta Corporation".
• Corporation "Tactical gantaalo".
• "AvtoVAZ".
• Military Industrial Corporation "Sayniska-Production Association of injineernimada farsamada."
• Gantaal oo Space Corporation "Energia" la odhan jiray ka dib markii S. P. Koroleva.
• Joint Stock Company "ALROSA".
• "Vega".
• Concern "Badda hub quuska - Gidropribor".
• Xarunta Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo Technology Repair Ship.
• "Roskhimzaschita".
• "Cilmi-baarista iyo Production Corporation" Uralvagonzavod "Dzerzhinsky".
• "Okeanpribor" Concern.
• "Information Systems Satellite" Academician M. F. Reshetneva.
• United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom".
• "Microgen".
• Federaalka State Mideysan Enterprise "Ruush Company Satellite Communications".
• FSUE "Mail of Russia".
• Federaalka State Mideysan Enterprise "Television Ruush iyo Radio Broadcasting Network".
• Irkutsk ee tamarta iyo electrification.
• Nidaamka Hawl ee Nidaamka Energy Midaysan.
• Maddaarka Caalamiga ah ee ku suganyahay.
• Airport Koltsovo.

Oo intaas oo dhammu shirkadaha waaweyn ee dawladdu leedahay Ruush waa ay gacanta ugu jiraan meydadka federaalka fulinta iyo Guddiga Farsamada High iyo Innovation. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa iyada oo ujeedadu tahay horumarinta iyo hirgelinta barnaamijyada horumarinta cusub.

Qaybta ugu weyn ee gobolka

Shirkadaha shuruud lagu qiimeeyo dawladdu leedahay, kuwaas oo lagu xisaabiyo saamiga ugu weyn ee gobolka, wuxuu noqon doonaa sida soo socota:

1. United Diyaaradaha Corporation (UAC). Shirkadda gobolka waxaa ka mid ah qaybaha injineernimada farsamada. Dawladdu waxay leedahay 93,4% saamiyada. Corporation galay isagoo sanadkii 2006. Marka hore, oo dhan 100% saamiyada waxay ku jireen dalkii hantida u ahaa hay'adaha dawladda, laakiin sanadkii 2009 saamiyada laga iibiyey shaqsiyaadka gaarka ah.
2. "Alrosa" - saare ugu weyn ee dheeman dalka. Dawladda ayaa iska leh 90.9% saamiyada.
3. "Tattelecom". Power aan la leedahay shirkada si toos ah iyo iyada oo haysta "Svyazinvestneftekhim". Xaaladdan oo kale, maamulka gobolka waa 87.2% saamiyada.
4. "Rosneft" ka yar yahay dareenka dawladda dhow. Gobolka heysta 82% saamiyada.
5. Power Company "UES" waa qaybta ugu mas'uul ka ah Hay'adda Property Federaalka (79.55%).
6. "Transneft". 78,11% ka mid ah magaalada idman heli karo - hantida gobolka.
7. Bank "VTB". "Property Management Agency Federaalka" iibsaday 75,5% saamiyada.
8. "Kubanenergo" shirkad awood ayaa masuul ka ah bixinta korontada goobaha Olympic ee Sochi, waxaa iska leh gobolka by 70%.
9. "RusHydro". Saamiga Hay'adda Maareynta Hantida Federaalka ee shirkadda ka dhigan tahay in 60,5%.
10. "Inter Rao". Dalku wuxuu leeyahay ku dhowaad 60% saamiga.
11. "Aeroflot" - oo ah xubin ka buuxa ee isbahaysiga diyaaradaha SkyTeam, 51,17% ka mid ah, kuwaas oo saamiyada ka tirsan gobolka.

Gabagabo: waxaan rajaynaynaa in article tani weli waa ay awoodaan in ay ku caawiyaan in aad fahanto waxa gobolka ee shirkadda maanta, waxa tayada ugu weyn ee ay wanaagsan iyo waxa boqolkiiba ka qaybqaadashada horumarinta Russia.