Warankiilo, ay physico-kiimikada iyo codsiga ee guryaha

Bleach ayaa sidoo kale ugu baaqay haybokollorayt calcium ama budada bleaching. Inkastoo xilli dambe ma aha arrin sax ah, maxaa yeelay, maalkiisu waa isku dar ah oo adag oo aysan ka mid haybokollorayt kaliya (Ca (ClO) 2), laakiin sidoo kale oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Sidoo kale waxaa laga yaabaa in la joogo sida wax wasakh ah ee chloride birta (III), kaas oo u Niemeeyo towns ah hurdi. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah, xarunta this leeyahay adag gobolka wadar ahaan labada lug, ur xooggan oo chlorine iyo coloration inta badan cad. Biyaha kala haybokollorayt calcium oo keliya, chlorine ku sii daayo hawada, iyo dheelitirka dhismaha isku dar ah la aasaasay soo dadajin qaro - slurry.

Marka qorraxdu si toos ah perchloric oxygen daayo lime, oo korkiisana waxaa kulaylinta decomposes la horumar kulaylka, taas waxay keeni kartaa in qarax. In xiriir this, maalkiisu waa in lagu kaydiyaa meel gudcur ah oo qaboow (unheated) iyo hawo qolalka,. Marka la budada bleaching ka shaqeeya waa in loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta ee maqaarka, neefsashada, gaar ahaan iyada oo goobaha wax soo saarka iyo gaadiidka.

Eegaysana ee kimistari, wakiilka bleach kuwaas oo formula waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyaa CaCl (OCL), wuxuu la xiriiraa isku qasan cusbada (double), i.e., Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba anions. Sidoo kale, xarunta tani waa oxidant xoog leh oo awood u leh in xal xumadoodu ah si loogu badalo MnO (xabagta manganese (II)) → MnO2 (xabagta manganese (IV)); by ficil leh walxaha organic in ay keeni ay soo sari. By reaction la sulfuric ama acids Hydrochloric dhacdaa doorashada chlorine: Ca (ClO) cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

Qalabkan waxaa loo diyaariyey by koloriin in wax soo saarka ee hydroxide calcium. In nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu heli bleach saddex darajo - 26, 32 iyo 35% ka mid ah chlorine firfircoon (qadarka chlorine saafi sii daayay by tallaabada on walaaqdey HCL ama H2SO4 acid). Mid ka mid ah faa'iido ah ee wax tani waa in ay noqotaa mid firfircoon dul chloro kaydinta, 5-10% sanadkiiba. Isku day in aad this dagaallamo by sii daayo xasiloonida xooggan sheyga maraya gaaska chlorine ganaax ah Ca (OH) 2. chlorine firfircoon ee xarunta sidaas helay waa 45-70%. khasaare kale ee wax tani waa xaqiiqada ah in uu keeno daxalka ee ay idlayso biraha, iyo dhar suuf. Sidaa darteed, waxaa sii weel ka samaysan alwaax ah, weel caag ama bacaha balaastikada ah iyo baakadaha.

Bleach muujinayaa guryaha bactericidal iyo sporicidal waxaa go'aamiya jiritaanka acid hypochlorous iyo oxygen in xalka. Sababo la this, waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in isdaahirinta oo biyo ah qashinka ka wasakhda kala duwan iyo hay'adaha caafimaadka sida jeermiska lagu a (dusha baaraandego, meelaha caamka ah). Sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida bleach in soo saaridda of saxarka nudaha iyo warqad.

Sayidka, bleach - waa isku dar ah oo adag in kiimikaad waa shay arrin firfircoon iyo muujinayaa ah guryaha oxidant xoog leh. In hydrolyses xal aqueous si ay u sameeyaan aashito hypochlorous (NS1O). Iyada oo heerkulka sii kordhaya (heating) iyo ka yar tallaabada of qorraxdu si decomposes, sii daayo oxygen iyo chlorine.