Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich: Biography iyo sawirka

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - aasaasihii guri ammaan oo dhan saynisyahano oo aan qiyaasi karin nolol uu ka maqan xiddigaha. Oo isna dhalay, ayeeyo, weyn-awow xiddigta heegan u adeegaya sayniska. saynisyahan Jarmal iyo Ruush, aasaasihii xiddigaha, xubin ka mid ah Academy St. Petersburg ee Sciences, oo ah agaasimaha ugu horeeya ee Pulkovo Observatory ah, aasaasaha of Society Ruushka dhuleed - oo ahaa ma ahan oo keliya Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve.

CV

Aasaasihii of guri ammaan caanka ah waxa uu ku dhashay 1793 in Altona - a magaalada yar Jarmal. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa agaasimaha gymnasium deegaanka. Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, kuwaas oo sawir waa in buugaagta kasta oo xiddigaha, markii hore ahaa waxbarasho ka duwan. Shaqadiisa kowaad wuxuu ahaa philology. Tababarka saynisyahan mustaqbalka lagu qabtay Jaamacadda Tartu, oo hadda loo yaqaan Tartu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu Struve wacaya Vasiliy Yakovlevich - aasaasihii guri ammaan ee cirbixiyeyaasha - waxaa laga helaa cilmiga dabiiciga ah.

Qaadaan hoos philology aabbihiis, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee horeba waa in da'da shan iyo toban waxaa si buuxda loo diyaariyey gelitaanka waxbarashada sare. Waqtigaas, walaalkiis ka weyn uu hore u baray in gymnasium ee Dorpat. Taasi waa sababta, iyo sidoo kale ka jecel yihiin in ay ka fogaadaan qasabka ah ciidanka Napoleon ee, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay horumar military, Struve doortay jaamacad this.

astronomer Future dadaalay bartay philology. Waxaa intaa dheer, ayuu qoray khuseeya a asaasay. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich aad u badan u kaxaystay by muxaadaro of Dr. baqbaqaaq ku saabsan mowduuca ah "physics". Oo ka dib, on talo ah ee dambaysta ah, wuxuu iska Hawiyaha daraasadda of xiddigaha. Professor Guth - professor jaamacadda - in ay si buuxda isaga taageeraan in talaabooyinka u horeeya ee sayniska ku hugaaminaya uu. Horeba 1813, Struve difaacay sida uu u sha.

tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee

Ku dhowaad waqti isku mid ah, wuxuu bilaabay inuu baro waqti isku mid ah waxaa loo magacaabay observer astronomer jaamacadda isla. Inkastoo saboolnimada ba'an iyo yaraanta qalabka, Struve weli u suurtagashay in ay si firfircoon uga shaqeeyaan. xitaa wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay qabtaan shaqo aad u muhiim ah, waayo, wakhtigii aan lahayn qalabka ku habboon si ay ula socdaan ee declinations xiddigaha, wuxuu isku dayay inuu arrintan loo sameeyo leh qalab transit ah si ay u xisaabiso dabbaaldegaan saxda ah ee qaar ka mid ah xiddiga horjeeda.

nolosha Personal

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, kuwaas oo Biography waa ka bilaabata iyo tan lagama sooci karo xiddigaha, xaas ee 1815. Dooqiisa ahaa deggan Altona Emilia Vall. iyada oo leh uu ku noolaa ilaa 1834. In guurka waxaa u dhashay laba iyo toban carruur ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, afar ka mid ah kuwaas oo ku dhintay carruurnimada.

Tan iyo 1828 Struve qaaday xabsiga oo uu adeer u Theodore, kuwaas oo masuulka ahaa ee walaalkiis horeysay Ludwig - professor ah anatomy ee Jaamacadda Dorpat.

dhimashada Emilia Ka dib, wuxuu ku 1834. guursaday Johanna Bartels, kuwaas oo ahayd gabadhii xisaabta Bartels. Iyada oo iyada Struve ku dhashay lix carruur ah, kuwaas oo afar ka badbaaday aabbihiis.

At Observatory Tartu

1819kii Struve ayaa loo magacaabay in agaasimaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, uu noqday professor buuxa ee jaamacadda. In ka badan labaatan sano oo waayo aragnimo sida agaasimaha Observatory Dorpat ah, Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve ayaa qalabaysan ay u oolli-jirin oo aad dhif u ah, waayo, wakhtigaas, qalabka iyo alaabta. Marka dhamaadka 1824 ahaa awoodaan si ay u bartaan chetyrnadtsatifutovym refractor Fraunhofer iyo Ushneydera isagoo Sagaal gashto inch, sida ugu fiican oo ugu weyn ee waqtiga, astronomer ah xamaasad Maamulka Kililka shaqeeya naftiisa u bixiyey. Waayo, waxaa bilaabay muddo daalin oo badan dhala hawl sayniska, taas oo qaadatay in ka badan toban sano. Haddii hore Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - astronomer laga helo Ilaaha xagga - waxay ahayd content kaliya raadinta iyo cabbiraadda ay horey u yaqaan tan iyo nidaamyada xiddiga binary Herschel, ka dibna la helitaanka qalabka daawashada fiican ka muujiyay baadhitaan ay horey u helay iftiin kale uu ahaa in ay si falanqayn madax bannaan karin. Waxa uu daawaday dhammaan xiddigaha in magnitude sagaalaad dhexeeya North Pole iyo labaatan darajo declination koonfureed. Waxaa intaa dheer, in daraasadda of Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, kuwaas oo Biography loo qabto saynisyahan a hufan bilaabay la socoshada Dorpat ah, mar ay furto abbaaraha saddex kun oo meelo cusub, wax badan oo ka goostay booska, ayaa bartay dhabbihii ee mooshinka iyo guryaha gaarka ah.

Furitaanka Observatory Pulkovo ah

By horrantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, ballaarinta St. Petersburg sida tuulada keentay in baahida loo qabo in la dhiso fiirinta ah sumalka uguma, oo ku yaalla magaalada dibaddeeda ah. Waxaan bilaabay raadinta goob ku haboon ee u dhow caasimada waqooyiga. Waxa aan ahaa fudud. Waayo, fiirinta loo baahan yahay meel sare, laakiin si ay u qarsoonaa magaalada xaggeeda galbeed kala Gacanka Finland, iyo xagga koonfureed iyo xagga bari, fogaan ah labaatan kiiloomitir, taagay dhulka. Dhis waqooyiga St. Petersburg ma macno samaynayaa, tan iyo markii ay dhacdo in this qayb dhan koonfureed ee Samada - waxaa Bosnia yaalla meel u dhow dejinta weyn - meesha ugu muhiimsan ee loogu fiirsado.

In 1830, Emperor Nicholas I heleen warbixin ah in qoray Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. In waxa, uu si faahfaahsan u tilmaamay hawlaha ka hor inta a fiirinta ah sumalka uguma cusub iyo caddaalad ah oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo loo moodayay in la dhiso dhow St. Petersburg dhigay. Si dhakhso ah waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo bilowdo dhismaha labaatan kiiloomitir koonfurta kaga aadan magaalada - on Heights Pulkovo ah. shaqada Architectural la go'aamiyay in la aamini naqshadeeyaha ugu fiican u yaqaan Ruush Briullov. Agaasimaha iyo madaxa shaqada ururka on abuurka ah fiirinta cusub ayaa loo magacaabay Struve, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ka shaqeeyey University Tartu. Laga bilaabo 1833, wuxuu noqday qaybgale ugu firfircoon ee geedi socodka. Pulkovo Observatory ayaa la furay bishii August 1839. Oo Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich noqday agaasimaha ugu horeysay.

Astronomer maalintii ugu horraysay cadeeyay inuu yahay qabanqaabiyaha aad u fiican. Tan iyo markii la dul saarin of dhagax ugu horeysay ee dhismaha fiirinta ah, kaas oo ka dhacay on June 3, 1835, ka hor inta aan la furay ee 1839, Struve qudhiisu shiidaa kormeero dhammaan shaqada dhismaha.

Waxaa la aasaasay ugu fiican oo ugu weyn waqtiga xoqad refractor pyatnadtsatidyuymovy ah. The qaninimada iyo tayada Observatory Pulkovo ee qalabka rakiban qiyaastii isla markii ay furitaanka joogay meeshii ugu horeysay ee adduunka. Oo sidii ay aqoonsi ku xiga ee saynisyahan caan American Newcomb, iyana waxay noqotay caasimadda ah sumalka uguma dunida.

Shaqada ugu Observatory Pulkovo ah

In ka sano ee hore ee jiritaankeeda waa shaqo sii on daraasadda xiddigaha binary, oo waxay bilaabeen in St. George ee, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Daahfurtay dhacay muddadii uu shaqada Observatory Pulkovo ah, ayaa ka mid ahaa kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee taxane ah oo waxbarashada oo duurka ku ah xiddigaha. Si loo go'aamiyo fogaanshaha in xiddigaha - arrintan xiisaynayso oo ka walwalsan saynisyahano badan oo caan ah waqtiga. Struve, ayaa rajeynaya in la caddeeyo aragtida ah ee barakaca parallax, u furan xataa Copernicus waxay bilaabeen inay si taxadar leh lagu qiyaaso booska uu ka Vega. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey on dhabbihii xiddiga this dhalaalaya ilaa 1840. Oo in kastoo meel fog qaar iyaga ka Vega markaas saynisyahano ayaa la saxo ku saleysan cabbir ka badan sax ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo this Struve ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu horeysay ee taariikhda xiddigaha shuqullada guul by go'aaminta fogaanshaha in xiddiga gaar ah. Waa on this salaysan ka dib ka badan hal shaqo taariikhi waxaa la abuuray. Waxay caddeeyeen in Xiddigahana waxaa shabagyada timaha aad u fog, rays iftiin ka kaas oo kobciya xawaare ka mid ah 300,000 oo km / s, gaari Earth ee tobanaan iyo xitaa boqolaal sano.

qorrax

hawl badan dhala V. Ya. Struve sii waday ilaa 1858. Laakiin marka cudur halis ah, dabid uu, garoomada ka maqnaa saaray, fiirinta ee la wareegay hoggaanka wiilkiisa - saynisyahan a talented Otto Struve. Vasily Yakovlevich - aasaasihii guri ammaan ee cirbixiyeyaasha - ku dhintay 1864. Waxa xiiso leh, laakiin waxay ahayd in isla sanadkaas, Pulkovo Observatory u dabaal-guuradii shan iyo labaatanaad.

daahfurka

In berrinkii xiddigaha, V. Ya. Struve ayaa cadeeyay fiirsashada dhab ah xiddigaha ee ku sugan bartamaha ee Galaxy. Waxa uu sidoo kale xaq ku soo gunaanaday in uu jiro qiimaha ka mid ah nuugista interstellar iftiinka. Qiimo xiddigaha hugaaminaya kooxda uu u xaq u leedahay "Studies of xiddigaha hugaaminaya." Tani waa meesha Struve ku salaysan ay malo in ay jirto xaqiiqda ah nuugista of light in meel bannaan oo interstellar iyo kordhinta tirada xiddigaha halkii mugga unit sida ay dhowaan inuu Jidka calooshiisa ka.

Seynisyahanno barashada xiddigaha binary, ahaan karto sida ugu badan ee laba haayaha oo alaab ah caanaha iyo iyaga daabacay, siday u kala horreeyaan, in 1827 iyo 1852 siday u kala horreeyaan. Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, shuqulladiisa oo waxaa loo arkaa in ay asaasiga ah ee arimahan ka mid ah xiddigaha, markii ugu horeysay ee adduunka aysan awoodin in ay qiyaasaan in ay Vega in koox ka Lyra. Xiddiga Tani - ifka saddexaad oo cirka habeenkii ka dib markii Sirius iyo Orsada, taas oo laga dheehan karo in Russia oo u dhow dibadda. Oo koox ka Ophiuchus Struve helay nebula Planetary. Under jihada Vasily Yakovlevich iyo sahmiyaha K. Tenner xaalkaas waxaa lagu sameeyey qiyaas degree of ARC ka suusho ka xeebta badweynta Arctic in ay afka River Danube. halkii qalab qiimo leh ayaa lagu helay inuu si sax ah loo ogaado qaabka iyo cabbirka dhulka.

kuwa raacsan

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, kuwaas oo guri ammaan waa cirbixiyeyaasha kaliya ma, laakiin sidoo kale ka caanka ah iyo siyaasadeed, waa aasaasihii ah warshadaha oo dhan sayniska hugaaminaya. Shaqadiisii waa la sii by wiilkiisa Otto, laba farac - iyo Hermann Ludwig, iyo sidoo kale-awow weyn - astrophysicist ah. Struve The jir ah waxaa sidoo kale waa la yaqaan farmashiyaha, diblomaasi, orientalist iyo academician ah Academy of Sciences Midowga Soofiyeeti.

xusuusta

Magaca cilmiga caan ah ma sii illoobay. In 1913 meeraha yar lambarka 768, helay by astronomer Ruush Neuimin, Struveanoy magacaabay in sharaf of guri ammaan qoyska ah cirbixiyeyaasha Struve ah.

In xasuusta of saynisyahan weyn ee 1954 oo isna la sii daayay tigidh ah. Waxaa ka go'an in ay Observatory Pulkovo ah. Waxa ay muujinaysaa sida sawirka ka mid ah V. Ya. Struve iyo laba cirbixiyeyaasha Ruush caan ah. On centenary dhimashada ee Vasily Yakovlevich, 1964, waxa la sii daayey mid ka badan stamp ee USSR. Uu sawirka sidoo kale ku jiraa isagoo analogues ARC ee dadaalka badan, magacaabay ka dib markii astronomer weyn. stamps Kuwan waxaa laga soo saaray Lithuania (2009), Latvia, Estonia iyo Sweden (2011). Intaa waxaa dheer, in 1964 ay bohol International Midowga makii uu ku yaalaa dhinaca arki karo of Moon ah, ayaa loo magacaabay V. Struve Ya..

haayaha

Struve, unbaa loo arkaa aasaasihii laan oo dhan xiddigaha, in 1827 ay sabab u tahay arkaysid in ka badan boqol iyo labaatan kun oo walxaha Falag buu la daabacay buugga a, kaas oo ka mid ahaa in ka badan saddex kun oo ka mid ah xiddigaha double iyo duwan. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid - 2.343 nalalka - laga helay by saynisyahano. 1837th ayaa lagu faafiyey uu shaqada ugu caansan. In "cabbirka micrometric xiddigaha double" waxaan la siiyey natiijada ka badan kow iyo toban kun oo xisaabaha sameeyey Vasiliem Struve laba iyo toban sannadood oo gargaar ka refractor Dorpat ah. buugga, la daabacay by saynisyahano, Labada la gudoonsiiyey Bilad of Royal Society ah sumalka uguma ee London.

In 1852 waxaa la daabacay shaqo ah xaq "meel dhexe", oo waxay ahaayeen natiijooyinka la arkay ay muddo dheer ku dhowaad saddex kun oo xiddigaha. shuqullada, kuwaasi oo ay ku qaadeen Struve iyo caawiyayaashiisa at Tartu Observatory muddo ku dhow labaatan sano ka dib ka badan hal mar loo isticmaalaa in xiddigaha hugaaminaya.

guulaha

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, Biography kooban taas oo muujinaysa doorkeeda weyn ee xiddigaha, sidoo kale kaalin weyn horumarinta sayniska sida geodesy. In muddo ah ka 1822 si ay u 1827 under uu hoggaanka, cabbirka dhererka qaanso suusho qaadeen Hogland Island, oo ku yaalla Gacanka Finland, si ay magaalada Yakobshtadta. In 1828 waxay sopryagli la analoogga, xisaabiyaa on koonfur-galbeed ee dalka. Markaas, cabbirka waxyaalahan waxaa loo sii waday ayaa xagga woqooyi uga koonfureed. Sidaas darteed, dhererka oo dhan arc qiyaasay waxaa laga beddelo si qiimaha a of 25 ° 20 '. Waxaa loo yaqaan-Scandinavian Ruush. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubarada iyada wax badan ka ogaado sida Geodetic Struve ku Arc.

horyaalka

Vasily Yakovlevich ahaa xubin sharafeed ka mid ah ku dhowaad dhammaan jaamacadaha dalkeena, iyo sidoo kale bulshooyinka badan sayniska shisheeye iyo tacliinta sare ee sayniska. Qarnigii sagaal iyo bartamihii Struve ka qaybqaatay abuurista Observatory Lisbon ee. Waxaa hadda ay leedahay Jaamacadda City, laakiin daawashada waxaa mar dambe la qabtay. Waxaa la abuuray sida fiirinta ah in image ee Russia - Pulkovo - taas waxaa loo tixgeliyaa waqtiga caasimadda ah sumalka uguma dunida. la taliyaha Senior in arrinta doorashada qalab ahaa a astronomer Ruush caan Struve.