"Admiral Lazarev", nuclear shaqeeya markab: taariikhda iyo sifooyinka

Cruiser Gantaalaha - a cusub nooca maraakiibta, ku soo koray oo aan ka Cruiser classic la Biography hodan ah, oo sameeyay line u gaar ah in Dhismaha maraakiibta dunida ku salaysan ku dumiyey. Meel gaarka ah ee ay horumarka qaaday subclass ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka nuclear.

Oo tan iyo markii la abuuray ee samaynta dagaal nuclear, waxaa ma lahayn ilaalinta dhismaha dhaqanka. Iyo qayb ka mid ah barakac, ku Qaddarray sidato culus oo hubkiisa, nuugo iyo aad u badan oo cusub oo noocyada hubka ee la iyaga iyo isbeddelka xaddiga awoodda isticmaalka, iyo sidoo kale xarumaha loogu talagalay shaqaalaha markabka, kaas oo sidoo kale beddelay shuruudaha, gaar ahaan maraakiibta wado muddo dheer goboleedka navigation.

Mashruuca "Orlan"

Sharciga qabyada ah ee uu ku salaysan yahay weeyn ee abuuraya dalaka badda madaxbannaani aan xad lahayn, taas oo ahayd in ay badaha aduunka ee ay u raadiyaan, oo markaa baabbi'iyo quusta gantaal nuclear.

Leningrad Northern Design Bureau helay AAJIB ee horumarinta mashruuc cusub, loo yaqaan "madaxdii" iyo tirada 1144. Mashruucu wuxuu ku lug nidaamka ammaanka degaanka oo ka mid ah hubka ugu muhiimsan ee saameynta joojinta gantaalada. Sidaa darteed, inta badan hubka ku qarsoon hoos sagxad ah.

cadowga ugu weyn ee markabka cusub ee loo moodayay diyaaradaha cadowga xoog badan. Iyo in ay wax ka qaban in makiinada ee difaaca hawada kala duwan ee mabda'a ah ficil iyo heerkiisa. gantaalo Anti-markab ayaa loogu talagalay sidayaal diyaaradaha dagaalka.

Mashruuca 1144 waxaa aad u kordhiyay wakhtiga, dhamaystir oo dib loo. All markab dagaal badan loo muuqaalka si cad loomed. Mid ka mid ah wareega markabka soo socda ahayd soocidda finalka, wuxuu noqday markab culus ku shaqeeya nuclear-gantaal.

Analogues dibadda ee maraakiibta ka mid ah "Orlan" (dibadda u helay battlecruiser naqshada Kirov-fasalka magacaabay horeysay Tarka) aadan haysan. Total markab barakaca waa ku dhowaad 26 kun oo tan, halka xitaa caadadiisu-dhisay markab gantaalada la USN propulsion nuclear "Long Beach" ee jeer iyo badh ka yar.

Dowladda Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso afar markab of class this.

Ka dib markii yeynan design ugu horeysay markab ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey, iyo saddex Cruiser dhisay mashruuca 11442. All maraakiibta kala duwan ee nooca iyo tirada hubka yihiin. Waxaa loo maleeyey in dhammaan baabuurtu ku qalabaysan doonaa mashruuc cusub, laakiin dhammaantiin ma aha noocyada kala duwan ee hubka ayaa lagu rido-soo-saarka mass, wuxuuna intaasi ku daray sida ay u noqdaan kuwo la heli karo. Sidaa darteed, kaliya markab ee la soo dhaafay u dhiganta mashruuca ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba.

Mashruuca 1144 maraakiibta

Tarka "Kirov", aasaasay guga ee 1977, wuxuu galay hawlgalka maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee 1980. In 1992 wuxuu ahaa ku jira Waqooyiga Fleet ee Ruushka magac cusub "Admiral Ushakov" oo waxaa culsu oo sanadkii 2004. Hadda sugaya qubo.

Next ahaa "Frunze", aasaasay xagaagii 1978 oo ay yimaadeen hawlgalka dayrta 1984. Magaca cusub ee doonnida - "Admiral Lazarev". markab Nuclear kaliya ee "Orlan" Maraakiibta mashruuca isna wuxuu u adeegay in Fleet Pacific.

"Kalinin" Tarka dhigay dhac, guga ee 1983, ayuu wuxuu yimid dalka hawlgalka dabayaaqadii 1988. Later waxaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "Admiral Nakhimov". Waxaa hadda in Severodvinsk waxaa loogu talagalay dayactirka iyo waxay noqon doontaa in 2018 wareejiyay Northern Fleet ah.

"Admiral Lazarev", nuclear powered markab, ee casriyeynta kuwaas oo qasac bilaabaan oo kaliya ka dib markii Severodvinsk mid ah la tuuro ugu horeysay markab oo ka mid ah taxanaha, ama dhamaystiran u dhiska iyo doonista kuheshiid meel adeegga "Admiral Nakhimov", sugitaanka halkii ay ku dambeeyeen ee deked markab derbiga remzavoda Pacific .

Dhismaha markab afraad, dhamaystirka wajigii koowaad ee oo ka burburkii USSR iyo in arrintan la xiriira, hoos u dhac uu ku yimid maalgelinta, faafin sannado badan. Aasaasay sannadkii 1986, waxa uu galay hawlgalka kaliya ee 1998. Laakiinse haatan flagship ee Northern Fleet ah, "Petr Veliky" kaliya qaado adeega.

Technical xogta markab

Sidaas darteed, hadda "Admiral Lazarev", markab powered nuclear, oo dhererkiisu dhan yahay 252, width - 28.5 iyo faar - in ka badan 9 mitir, "Orlan" waa markab labaad ee mashruuca. markab Forecastle wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 70% oo dhererkeedu yahay markabka. Waxaa lagu qaybiyey bulkheads ku xaraysid galay lix iyo toban dhigan karo. Ku soo wareeg dhismaha ayaa 5 tu. sharraxaa The AFT ku qalabeysan yahay katabaan ah saddex helikobtar oo kor u hay bixinta, goobaha lagu kaydiyo shidaalka iyo rasaas. superstructures wax Main - Alloys aluminium-magnesium.

Boos General on markab halkaas, laakiin xagga hoose waa ilaalinta double ka waxyeelo dagaalka, iyo biya lagu kordhiyay ee hareeraha wareega ah ee suunka maqaarka awgii, sarajooggiisuna - 1 m ka hooseysa iyo biya lagu 2.5 m ka sarreeyo.

ilaalinta xoojiyeen

Gaashaaman Protection sameeyay engine iyo nuclear-dhigan, guryihii gantaal helicopter guryihii katabaan rasaas, kaydinta shidaalka. Protected by madaafiic, xarunta taliska ugu weyn ee xarunta macluumaadka markab oo dagaal.

"Admiral Lazarev" - markab nuclear kuwaas sifooyinka ogolaan aan xad wakhti noqon in navigation goboleedka ee nuclear-ka nuclear. Oo kululeeyaha ee xawaaraha sheegay waxay noqon kartaa badda 1000 maalmood.

Its barakaca ugu badnaan - 26.2 kun oo metric. In kuleyliyaha kaabayaal gaari karaan xawaare ka mid ah toddoba iyo toban qanjidhada iyo rakibo hoose - 31 kuus kuus, ama barriga lagu qiyaaso 57 km / h.

warshad koronto

"Admiral Lazarev" - matoorrada markab nuclear oo ka shaqeeyaan shidaalka nuclear.

warshad koronto leh boolal mataanaha-usheeda dhexe shan-daab. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba nuclear-kulka biyaha la qaboojiyey, kuwaas oo awood - 600 MW, laba marawaxadaha uumi wadarta awoodda 140 kun ee sano. a.

Halabuurka The kasta oo laba qaybood goboleedka ee rakibaadda dhalin uumi ka mid ah hababka nuclear iyo qalabka dayactirka. PRP waa in qol nuclear-ka. Labada dhinac ee sanka iyo daran ee doonnida waa warshad uumi-marawaxadaha laba qaybood goboleedka a, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ka shaqaynaysa in ay line u gaar ah.

Cruiser siiyaa oo dib uugu bixiyaan marawaxadaha uumi. Iswada kululeeyaha shidaalka organic in ay soo saaraan 115 tan oo uumi per saacad kasta.

Steam iyo condensate waxaa lagu fuliyaa on board of kasta oo ka mid ah jahaysteen biibiile network.

korontada Ship waxaa bixiya afar matoor marawaxadaha, xoogga mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah - 3000 kw, iyo marawaxadaha afar gaaska ee kasta 1500 kw ah. Waxay waxaa la geeyaa afar dhigan karo.

Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa dhirta xoogga si ay u bixiyaan korontada iyo kulaylka in magaalada yar 150 kun oo dadka.

gantaalo

Tarka "Admiral Lazarev" - markab nuclear, ku hubaysan gantaalo, lidka diyaaradaha, madaafiicda, toorbiidyo-anigaa kaabaya diyaaradaha.

Ciidamada weerarka ugu weyn ee markabka - labaatan nidaamka anti-gantaal (KDP) "Granit" - safar supersonic gantaalaha miisaanka of 7 tan, low-duulaya ee bartilmaameedka la kala duwan oo in ka badan 600 km. Waxay ku yaalaan rido hoos ku sharraxaa in qaansada. xagal u qaadis waa 47 °.

Gantaalo ku tagaya duulimaad ay yihiin maamulka, mid ka mid ah in kubad ka duulaysa kor ku xusan oo kale ah oo maamula, qaybisay goolka goolka hortiisa oo dhan flak ay qabtaan dhaqdhaqaaq adag.

Waayo, markab u dhow-difaaca rakibay on labada dhinac ee superstructure qaansada SAM "Osa-MA" la jiido ee double-girder PU 40 gantaal.

Habka ugu muhiimsan ee difaaca zone fog on markab ah - laba nidaam gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha S-300F "Fort", iyada oo mid kasta oo lix rido bilaabay toosan.

Mid ka mid ah PU waxaa loogu talagalay bilow-up of sideed gantaal, taas oo ah, markabka oo dhan sii daayo karaa 96 gantaalo isku mar. Goolal in airspeed 1.3 km / sec, "Fort" awoodaan inay ku dhuftay fogaan ah 75 km at sare ah 25 ilaa 25 kun oo mitir.

Madaafiicda iyo hubka lidka diyaaradaha

markab gantaalaha Nukliyeerka "Admiral Lazarev" ayaa lagu rakibay sida munaarad hubka madaafiicda laba qori 130 mm AK-130, taalaa ee doonnida isagoo la M-184 nidaamka gacanta dab kaas oo isku mar u helida labo ujeeddo. Horizontal qoryaha xiriiri kartaa 180 °, vertical hoos si -10 ° iyo sidii sare sida 85 °.

Tani set universal dab karaa hawada, ujeedooyin badda iyo barriga heer ah ilaa 86 wareeg halkii daqiiqo si ay meel fog ka mid ah 25 km.

"Admiral Lazarev" - flak markab qaaradda duurka ku dhow, kuwaas oo ahaa wakiil afar darfahoodii labada lix foosto 30 mm AK-630M oo ah projectiles rasaas caadi ah 48 kun oo ..

hub ciidan antisubmarine

Culus oo markab gantaal nuclear "Admiral Lazarev" sida hubka nidaamka gantaalada lidka ahaa qalabaysan lagu daydo "biyo-dhac" gantaal-toorbiidyo ama 84RN 83RN waxaa maamula ka tuubooyinka toorbiidyo on dhinacyada markabka. Gantaal ayaa u Dhumban oo biyaha ku shubaa at qoto dheer si ay u bilaabaan engine ah, waxaa u duulay hawada iyo gaaro bartilmaameedka fogaan ah 60 km. Kaliya waxaa la soocay warhead - UMGT-1 400 mm toorbiidyo qariyay ama lacag si qoto dheer nuclear. Rasaas wuxuu ahaa soddon gantaal-torpedoes.

In qaansada reer scripting Waxyeelo dvenadtsatistvolny 213 madaafiic mm RBU-6000 "Twister-2", iyo doonnida - laba hoobiye 303-mm 6 RBU-1000 "Twister-3 '.

koox dad ah

"Admiral Lazarev" - markab nuclear, ku salaysan guddiga askartii diyaarad ka saddex helicopters culus ama bar-beddelka anti ku xiran tahay ujeeddooyinka. Waxay samayn kartaa hawlaha goobidda iyo samatabbixinta, sahan iyo naqshada bartilmaameed, antisubmarine search. Waxa intaa dheer in katabaan hoose wiish lagu sharraxaa iyo kaydinta rasaas, markab la qalabeeyey madal caga a at the post daran iyo maamulka duulista qalabka navigation loo baahdo. Waayo, shaqaalaha weliba qolalkii hoose gaar ah ayaa la siiyey.

Cruisers mashruucan ugu horeysay si aad u hesho sida barakaca reserve ah si ay u awoodaan si ay u qariyaan hoos sagxad ah, iyo baabuurta iyo shidaalka siin iyaga.

hubka Radar oo uu macnihiisu yahay ee isgaarsiinta

"Admiral Lazarev" - markab nuclear la hubka cusub ee elektarooniga ah. Waxaa ka mid ah ilaalo radar MR-600 "Sunrise" iyo MP-710M "Fregat-M", Incorporated ee diirada u adag "Flag", laba navigation saldhiga "Vaigach", laba xarumood oo lagu ogaan low-duulaya diirada "wax looga qabto" nidaam "Drive-In "navigation waayo helicopters.

"Cantata-M" sirdoonka elektaroonik ah oo dagaal elektaroonik ah ku qaadeen adag. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo hortaga loola dhaqmo iyo laba rido oo mataano decoy adag la rasaas 400 wareeg, jiiday toorbiidyo diirada been la shumogeneratorom awood leh.

raadiyaha adag "duufaanka 2" koobnaa hababka isgaarsiinta ee wavelengths kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan satellite "Tsunami-BM".

Xakamaynta nidaamka dagaal gacanta macluumaadka (CICs) "goostay 44".

markabka

Nuclear gantaal markab "Admiral Lazarev", iwm 1144/11442, u adeegaan oo ay u shaqaale ah oo ka badan toddoba boqol oo qof, lugu daro 100 ilaa 120 askari.

Waayo, saraakiil iyo saraakiil waaran loogu talagalay qolalkii hal iyo laba badmaax iyo saraakiishii yar - Kubrick loogu talagalay 6-30 dadka. Xubnaha kooxda qubo waxay leeyihiin laba bad, sauna ah, size pool of 6 × 2,5 m a, shan iyo toban tiixo, unit X-ray caafimaad oo golaha wasiirada, waax bukaan-socod, qolka qalliinka, Infirmary iyo farmashiye.

Waayo, nasashada, markab ay leedahay saddex daadsanaanta-qol, Saaladda, gym.

Oo weli saaran inay marti aad studio TV u gaar ah, saddex wiishashka iyo sagaal iyo afartan waddooyinka ku dhow labaatan kiiloomitir.

markab ee la soo dhaafay

"Admiral Lazarev", markab powered nuclear, taasoo u dhashay magaca "Frunze" ilaa 1992, ka 1984 si ay u 1996 bedelay dhowr qolal guddiga: 190, 050, 028, 014, 058, 010, 015.
markab ayaa la bilaabay, wakiishay guga ee 1981 yimid dayrta ee 1984 iyo dayrta ee 1985 la dhigtay guurka Baltic to post in Vladivostok.

On jidka Tarka wacaya dekadaha ee Angola Luanda, Aden ee South Yemen iyo dhowr dekedaha ee Fiyetnaam.

Burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti keentay in dhibaatooyin halis ah, oo ay ku jiraan ciidamada badda. Ilaa hadda, iyada oo dadaal weyn loo buuxiyo markab dambeeyey ee taxanaha ah, labadii hore u yimid in gebi ahaanba burbur. In 90-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay ka xoog dagaalka ee raxan ah "Admiral Lazarev" lay rido daryeel muddo-dheer ah oo noqday dhaqaaqaynin in Abrek Baay. Dhammaadkii qarnigii waxay diyaar u baabba ', markaas ayaa doonayay inay qayb yar oo ka mid ah lacagtaas loogu talagalay dayactirka ee mid ka mid ah goobaha dayactirka gobolka.

Dabayaaqadii 2002, dab ka qarxay on doonnidii fuulnay in mid ka mid ah Kubrick. Iyada oo dab dagaal afar saacadood, laakiin waxaa bixiyay si wanaagsan. Laba sano ka dib, markab wuxuu iska soo bixiyey Quwadda Nuclearka.

Sidaas soo laabtay 2011 wuxuu eegay "Admiral Lazarev", markab nuclear ku shaqeeya (photo hoose).

markab mustaqbalka

Iyadoo markabka waa la dhigay, ka fekerayay uu qaddar aan waxtar lahayn. Go'aanka ah in la casriyeeyo go'aanka, laakiin haddii ay tahay waxaa la qaban doonaa, oo wixii xad, weli in lagu arko.

"Admiral Lazarev" - casriyeynta markab nuclear oo waa in la qabtaa on yaraynta mashruuca dib u soo celinta farsamada Tarka "Admiral Nakhimov", ayaa hadda lagu qabtay dayactirka dekedda ah si loo soo celiyo sabaynta 30 deked markab Pacific Fleet oo hore u muuqataa in ay isbedel dheeraad ah in uu naftiisa.

Ka soo qaad in maanta afar vysokoavtonomnyh Tarka in line kaliya hal, waxay weli yihiin ciidamada ugu weyn oo ugu awooda badan dunida ee ay fasalka. Doonniyaha ugu horeysay oo kaliya kor-biyo nuclear ee Soviet iyo ka dib Navy Ruushka, aanuna lahayn meel analogues ee dunida.