Alexei Tolstoy: shaqeeya. Liiska iyo dib u eegaan shuqullada Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy

Magac Tolstoy in our view ula xidhiidhin hawsha suugaanta, oo waxay ku soo beegay. tiraab The Ruush iyo gabayo lahaa saddex qoraa si fiican u yaqaan, kuwaas oo u soo xirtay, Tolstoy, Alexey Alexei Tolstoy. Works qoran iyaga by, waxba ku xiran, laakiin qorayaasha isu midoobeen dhiigga, in kastoo fog. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid yihiin xubno ka mid ah a laan laandheere waaweyn. Tatyana Tolstaya, qoraa casriga ah, kadis ah, sidoo kale iska leh qoyska this. Inkasta oo wakiil ugu caansan of this sharaf leh laan waa, dabcan, Tolstoy, maanta waxaan ku bixin aad si aad u hesho qof aqoon u leh shuqullada Alexei Konstantinovich. Shuqullada Alekseya Nikolaevicha Tolstogo sidoo kale mudan yihiin dareenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waa mawduuc for article ah gebi ahaanba ka duwan. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, abuuray Abwaan samigiisa oo xiiso leh noo iyo qoraa Alexei Tolstoy shaqeeya carruurta, kuwaas oo aad loo jecel yahay oo soo jiidasho leh ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Biography Tolstoy Alexei Konstantinovich

Alexey Tolstoy (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1817-1875) - Abwaan, qoraa, riwaayadaha. Waxa uu ku dhashay ee St. Petersburg. ka Razumovsky dhinaca hooyada wuxuu soo degay (- hetman ugu dambeeyey ee Little uu weyn awoowe K. Razumovsky, oo uu awoowe, AK Razumovsky - Wasiirka Waxbarashada inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexander I). aabbe u ahaa qoraa mustaqbalka - Earl K. P. Tolstoy, kan hooyada si degdeg ah ka dib markii ay dhashay wiil kor u qarxay. Alexey soo bixiyey iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan ee hooyadiis, iyo walaalkeed - A. A. Perovskogo, qoraa, waayo-aragnimada ku ladhan in la dhiiri geliyo dhallinyarada Tolstoy.

In 1834 wuxuu ahaa kiraystay by Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee archive Moscow. Marka ay tani keentay in adeegga diblomaasiyadeed. Tolstoy Aleksey, shuqulladiisa oo waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa inaad hoos, helay in 1843 horyaalka ee mudane ee la seexdo.

Sheekada Fantastic iyo sheekooyin jaceyl

In ka 1830s dabayaaqadii - 1840s hore ayuu ka abuuray sheeko cajiib ah, in lasugo in novel ah Gothic iyo tiraab taataabtay: "Kulanka ayaa ka mid ah seddex boqol oo sano", "qoyska Ghoul." Shuqulkiisa ugu horaysay la daabacay - taasna waxaa lagu qoray 1841 novel "Dadqalato The", abuuray hoos magac maldahan u Krasnorogsky. Sidoo kale in 1840s ah, Alexey bilaabay shaqo ku saabsan sheeko taariikhi ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Prince of Silver" (dhameeyey 1861), waqti isku mid ah taxane ah oo dhan ballads lyrical iyo gabayo, daabacay xoogaa ka dib (ee 1850-60 th sano). caan helay, Shuqullo badan oo ka mid ah Alekseya Tolstogo. iyaga Qor sida soo socota: "Kurgan", "dawanno My", "Prince Michael Repnin" iyo "Basil Shibanov" iyo kuwa kale.

Iskaashiga ee "Casriga"

In hore 1850naadkii waxaa uu ahaa isku daya in la Tolstoy N. A. Nekrasovym, I. S. Turgenevym oo kale qorayaasha. Laga bilaabo 1854 ee "Casriga" daabacan uu parody suugaanta iyo gabayada. Iyada oo ay iskaashanayaan VM iyo AM Zhemchuzhnikova (ilma) ee waaxda majaladda "pie Suugaanta" waxaa la daabacay hoos magac maldahan u Kozma gudbanaa parody garneel lagu shaqada. Abuurista this khayaal ah qoraaga waxa uu noqday a muraayad ah shiisiinta suugaanta ifafaale iyo waqti isku mid ah abuuray garneel sawirka of a oo xafiis, waxa ka dhigaa in uu noqdo xildhibaan ka mid ah farshaxanka dhadhan.

Tolstoy Aleksey, shuqulladiisa oo at mar hore badan, dhaqaaqaan ka fog ka qayb ah "Casriga", wuxuu bilaabay inuu la daabacay ee "Ruush wada hadalka," iyo ka dib, ee 1860-70-mada tan iyo 1857 - inta badan ee "Journal of Europe" iyo sidoo kale "Ruush Gazette". Oo wakhtigaas, wuxuu difaacay mabaadi'da lagu magacaabo "farshaxanka saafi ah", taas oo ka madax banaan fikrado siyaasadeed, oo ay ku jiraan "horumar".

In 1861 Tolstoy Aleksey Konstantinovich, shuqulladiisa oo waxaa looga hadlay in this article, ka fadhiisan adeega, oo aad u dhibay isagii, oo si buuxda diiradda saarayaa shuqullada suugaanta.

In 1862 wuxuu daabacay uu gabay "Don Juan" ee soo socda - "Silver Prince" (novel). In 1866, nuurka soo baxa qaybta hore oo ka mid ah curiyay weyn - Forbrydelsen taariikhi ah "Dhimashadii Ivan Xun ee", laba sano ka dib - labaad - "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", iyo in 1870 - finalka - "Tsar Boris".

dhaxal ahaan lyrical

Ka jawaabaya su'aal ku saabsan waxa ka shaqeeya qoray Alexey Tolstoy, waa in la ogaadaa, iyo lyrics uu. In 1867, waxa ay u muuqataa ururinta ugu horreeya ee gabayada by author this. In tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa uu ku qoray Balcad ah (1868 - "Snake Tugarin", 1869 - "The Song of Harald iyo Yaroslavna", 1870 - "Roman Galitsky", 1871 -. "Ilya Muromets" iyo kuwo kale). Muuqday korhin siyaasadeed ee aayadda ( "History of State Ruushka ...", oo lagu daabacay 1883kii, "Popov ayaa Dream." - in 1882, iyo kuwa kale), gabayo lyric (1874tii - "sawirka", 1875 - "Dragon" ).

sifooyinka guud ee hal-abuurka

Hal-abuurka Alexei Konstantinovich xaladii la midnimada fikrado falsafada, ujeeddooyinka, dareenka lyrical. Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in danta in arrimaha sida falsafadda ah taariikhda, hore, qaran jacaylka dabiiciga ah, diidmada taagleyn Saarka - kuwaas muuqaalada abuurka Tolstoy ee ku muuqata in dad badan oo uu shuqulladiisa tirsan noocyo kala duwan. Qaab-dhismeedka fiican ee dalka, qof qaranka Ruushka ay khuseyso, Alexey tixgeliyo Novgorod qadiimiga ah iyo Kievan rus. Jidka noloshu of Russia waqtiga loogu ekeysiiyey in sida soo socota: heer sare ah horumarinta farshaxanka kala duwan, muhiimadda ay leedahay lakabka dhaqanka, aristocracy ah, ixtiraam amiir in xoriyada iyo sharafta shakhsiga ah ee muwaadiniinta, lillaahinimada ee asluubta, kala duwanaanshaha iyo ballaadhkiisuna xiriirka caalamiga ah, gaar ahaan Yurub.

ballads

Iyagoo muujinayay in images of ballads Russia qadiimiga la raacio lyricism, inay fikiraan riyo dareen ah aasaasaha ee xornimada ruuxiga ah, iyo sidoo kale jaceylka ninkii geesinimada ah ee daacadnimada, kuwaas oo rinji ee gabayada Tacaddi dad Alexei Tolstoy. Works, liiska oo aad loo yeedhay ( "Mockingbird", "Ilya Muromets", "Canute", "Alyosha Popovich" iyo ballads kale) waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in images of geesiyaal halyeeyga iyaga in, sheekooyinka dhacdooyinka taariikhiga muujinaya fikirka qoraaga, gudashada hadafyada uu (si tusaale ahaan, Vladimir Kiev Prince). Ay ku jiraan farshaxanka waxaa loola jeeda meel u dhow qaar ka mid kale lyrical gabayo by Alexei Konstantinovich ( "The Edge waxaad tahay ...", "Kohl jacayl, sababtoo ah iyada oo aan caqli", "wacaya kiniisadda dawanno" iyo kuwa kale.).

ballads Tolstoy muujinayay in marxalad ee loo xoojin lahaa qarannimada ee Russia, interspersed riwaayado bilaabatay. maadooyinka ay yihiin dhacdooyinka boqornimadii Ivana Groznogo ah, haddaba sidaas daraaddeed taas waxaa loo arkaa hadal ugu cad of mabda'a nuugista shakhsiga iyo gobolka -Raaxaysta- aan xad lahayn.

Balcad "riwaayado" in ay qaab ka badan dhaqameed badan "lyrical", taas oo inta badan la xidhiidhaan dhammaadka 1860 - bilowga ah ee 1870. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwa Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy xusay xaqiiqda ah in uu u dhaqmeen sida gabayaa ah ee asalka ah, ay awoodaan in ay wax ka beddelo qaabka nooca ah.

Tusaale ahaan, mid ka mid ah ballads, "Vasily Shibanov" ayuu beddeshey ah classic xaaladda of a muranka la boqorkii reer xoriyadda jecel muwaadin, u kobcay hoos u saamayn of shuqullada Friedrich Schiller. U gudbinta sida Kurbski canaantay Ivana Groznogo, Tolstoy ee ka qaybgalayaashu of this khilaafka riwaayado - Nin sharaf leh caasiyoobay oo ahaa boqorkii - nuuxnuuxsaday guud: gaalnimadiinna darteed, geysaneyso Dowladda, iyo kibirka. Doonitaanka u xanuunsataan runta, awood u leh inay allabari Alexey waa nin fudud, Oo ay allabari ahaan khilaafka ka mid ah oo awood badan ku. Sidaas daraaddeed, oo ah addoonkii boqorka Guuleystay guul moral oo dib u soo celineysa inuu liibaanta feat Weynaha dhabta ah ee nin ka badan khayaali ah. Like kale "riwaayado" Balcad ee qoraaga, "Vasily Shibanov" on mawduuca iyo kakanaanta nafsi ah oo images of geesiyaal, iyo sidoo kale Abuuraha reer hab anshaxa dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah ay u guurayaan u dhaw in ay u curiyay ka mid ah noocyo weyn oo ku qoray Alexei Tolstoy. hawlahaas aan hadda ka fiirsan doonaa.

Tolstoy ee sheeko

Alexey in uu novel "The Silver Prince" gaysteen oo ka dhacay rabshado in xaalad taagleyn adeeein dadka awood leh oo muujinaysaa in shakhsiyadda ee Boqortooyada iyo wefdigiisa go'amada leedahay saamayn dhaawici. In shaqo this, waxaa la ogaadaa in, jiidaya ka goobada maxkamadda kharribay horay u, mararka qaar xitaa qasbay inuu ka qariyo dulmi bulshada iyo cadaadis hibo dadka ka tirsan ayaa ceegaagta kala duwan ee bulshada, si kastaba ha ahaatee "dhigi taariikhda", dalka ka dhacay ilaaliyo by cadawga shisheeye, wax bartaan oo ay ogaadaan dalalkan oo cusub (Ermak Timofeevich, Mitya, Ivan Ring, Prince Silver, iyo kuwa kale.). style ee wax soo saarka this ay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka oo ka mid ah sheeko iyo sheeko taariikhiga ah 1830s, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa soo socda sheekada by Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya sida "Taras Bulba" iyo "aar cabsi badan".

shaqada riwaayado

In qoraaga Forbrydelsen riwaayado kor ku xusan ka muujinayaa nolosha Ruush ah oo goor dambe oo qarnigii 16 - bilowga 17. ee Meelahaas waxaa riwaayadaha waayo isaga ayaa ka muhiimsan in wax laga qabto dhibaatooyinka taariikhiga ah iyo falsafada kala duwan ka badan u hogaansanaanta adag in xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed. Alexey u muujinaysa kuwo musiibo saddex loox, saddex tsars Ivan Xun ee, Waali by fikradda ah in uu awood - ". Hanad ku hami" asal ahaan rabbaani ah, oo taliye nooc qallafsan Fedor ah oo xigmad leh Boris Godunov,

dareenka badan Tolstoy Aleksey, shuqulladiisa oo inta badan ka muujinayaa Epoch la soo dhaafay, la siiyaa abuurka Wehbe gaar ah, shaqsi iyo Nuurka Hilaaciisu tirooyin taariikheed. Uu guusha ugu weyn tahay image ee Emperor Theodore, taas oo muujinaysaa in in 1860 qoraaga bartay mabaadi'da xaqiiqo cilmi nafsiga. In 1898, Art Moscow Tiyaatarka la furay dhaqangalka musiibadii ee author this - "King of . Fyodor Ivanovich" Kuwanu waa shuqullo yaab leh oo waaweyn Alekseya Tolstogo. Liiska la sii wadi Karin, maxaa yeelay, waxaannu ku qoran oo kaliya weyn.

korhin siyaasadeed

Features of aragti taariikhiga Alexei Konstantinovich ka muuqataa in uu satires siyaasadeed. Tusaale ahaan, waayo, taasu sheeko aan rasmi ahayn in ay ahayd in shuqullada "Dream Popova" qarsoon Jees qoraaga of xisbiga Libaraalka. In aayadda, "Against hadda" ama, tusaale ahaan, "Mararka qaar xiiso leh ee May ..." iyo kuwa kale oo ka muuqata muran la nihilists ah. In "History of State ee ..." Alexey sakhiray jeesi ifafaale taariikhiga arxan, wuxuu rumeysan yahay in ay ka hortagaan in ay ku noolaadaan Russia.

khalqigiisa lyrics

Marka la barbardhigo ah ballads iyo riwaayado, lyrics saaxiib ah qoraaga, kanu wuxuu ahaa midab isbiiritka shisheeye. lyrical daacad ah oo fudud oo ka shaqeeya Alekseya Konstantinovicha Tolstogo. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa sida tixaha nafsi ah ee ku xusan aayadda ( "Taasi waxay ahayd guga hore", "ka mid ah kubada buuq badan, filaan ah ...").

Music abuuray on shuqullada by Alexei Konstantinovich

Alexey soo bandhigay arimo shaqo qoom style gabay ay, gabayo uu inta badan waa u dhow song ah. Qarka u saaran inuu music by curiyay badan abuuray Tolstoy Alexei ah. Works (liiska waxaa ka mid ah in ka badan 70 gabayo) noqday saldhig u ah songs, kuwaasi oo ay ku qoran erayo waxaa ka mid ah P. I. Chaykovsky, Rimsky-arrimo, S. I. Taneev, M. P. Musorgsky iyo kuwa kale.