Aristotle sida cilmiga ah iyo falsafo

Aristotle, sida cilmiga ah iyo Greek weyn Faylasuuf, caan ku ah wax badan oo magiciisa ku walba bushimaha qof. Isaga oo nolosha waxaa ka buuxay oo xiiso leh iyo, sida hawlaha keenay gacan ka qiimo badan in sayniska.

Saaxiibow iyo mentor

Faylasuuf weyn qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Aristotle, bayoolaji iyo falsafadda ka tagay raad ah oo badan, waxa uu ku dhashay 384 BC. e. magaalada Thracian ee Stagira. In 368 BC. e., marka uu weli ahaa mid aad u yar yar, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Athens, halkaas oo uu ka noqday a Plato Academy-arday keentay. In Plato, Aristotle, saynisyahan a helay mentor khibrad iyo saaxiib jir, kii uu jeclaa oo rajadiisuna ay saameyn uu lahaa inta kale ee uu noloshiisa. Waxay si dhow ula gaadhsiiyo ilaa uu ka dhinto Plato ee 348 ama 347 BC. e.

Sharci darrada ah, laakiin waa wax caadi ah aragtida ah in inta lagu guda jiro joogitaanka uu Aristotle Academy waxay ahayd Col kalgacaylka ee Plato, loolan sarraynta fikradaha uu. Dhab ahaantii, Aristotle ahaa Academy for labaatan sannadood, oo waxay u badan tahay inuusan noqon lahaa haddii fikradaha uu ahaayeen kuwo aad u kala duwan oo ka soo views Plato ama lid ku ah koorso guud ee fikirradiisiina wuu la.

ka dib markii Academy ah

dhimashada macallin ka dib, Aristotle tagay Academy ee Athens, si uu u adkeeyo Alqacida ee magaalada Asos ee Aasiyada Yar Taroo'as. Halkan wuxuu ku dhisay xiriir saaxiibtinimo la daalim maxaliga ah ee Hermaas, kaas oo labo sano ka dib markii lagu eedeeyay diido Faaris iyo toogasho. Marka tan la eego, Aristotle ayaa lagu qasbay inuu si jasiiradda of Lesbos guurto, taasoo ah magaalada chloride. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this ee Asos iyo chloride, ayaa bilaabay in ay qaataan qaab iyo in la sameeyo ka mid ah fikradaha falsafada isaga u gaar ah.

Aristotle iyo Aleksandr Veliky

About 343 sano BC. e. King Philip reer Makedoniya, Aristotle bixiyaa meel ka mid ah baraha wiilkiisa oo dhaxla Alexander. Waa wax baridda xigmadda leh ee Aristotle saamayn qiyaano on formation of Taliyaha mustaqbalka weyn. Thanks to Alexander oo calaamad u ah mahadnaq u qoto dheer oo ixtiraam dhisay halaagnay lagu jiro ololayaasha ee Filibos magaaladiisa uu mentor Stagira.

dugsiyada gaarka ah

Ka dib markii goysiga ah ee Alexander carshiga reer Makedoniya ee 336 BC. e. Aristotle tagay booska uu ka baraha, wayna iska tageen inay Athens, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay dugsi u gaar ah - Lyceum (ku taalla ee soo socda si meesha quduuska ah Apollona Likeyskogo, wajiga), sidoo kale loo yaqaan Περίπατος ( «balbalada», halkaas oo muxaadarooyin). dhagaystayaasha Her ayaa lagu magacaabay Peripatetics. Aristotle ee Lyceum wuxuu ahaa Ummad cilmi dhabta ah. Halkan lahaa maktabada u gaar ah, iyo shaqaalaha macallimiinta, si ballaaran casharro.

In ka sano 323 BC. e. Aleksandr Makedonsky dhintay. Tirada dadka ee Athens, doonaya inay ka ilbaxnimada reer Makedoniya ka baxsadaan, ka soo horjeeda Aristotle. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago oo u degaan ee magaalada Halkida in Evia, halkaas oo uu sannad ka dib dhintay.

muddo hal abuur leh

sayniska oo dhan Aristotle waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex:

1. muddada "Academic", markii wada hadal la Plato. Markaas ayaa aannu abuuray wada hadalka "Evdem" halkaas oo Aristotle sida saynisyahan a raacsan fikradda ah aqoon Plato ee sida haddduu of Fikradaha, rabay in dhalashada, iyo "Protreptics" - warqad Femissu of Cyprus, taas oo ah qoraa iyo taageere ee Plato ee aragtida ka mid ah foomamka, ayaa sheegay in nolosha dhabta ah ee nafta bilaabmaa dhimasho jidhka ka dib. Sidoo kale waqtigan, laga yaabee, shaqada ayaa bilaabay on "physics" iyo "On nafta", iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah shaqada on macquulka ah.
2. Period nolosha ee Asos iyo chloride. Tani waa in ka mid ah wada hadal "On Philosophy", halkaas oo Aristotle, bayoolaji wakhtigaas ayaa weli daahfurtay, wacaya Platonism munaaraddii casriga ah ee horumarinta falsafada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu naqdiyay aragtida ah ee foomamka. Halkan Aristotle hore fikrad Ilaah u aqbalin sida a "Ra'iisul fidmad ka taagan" dunida. Muddadan, waxa uu sidoo kale ayaa ka shaqeeya "Metaphysics" iyo "siyaasad" abuurtaa "anshaxa Evdemovu."
3. waxbaridda waqti iyo cilmi hoos ku dedan oo ah Lyceum ah. Muddadan, waxa uu doonayaa in Aristotle helay inta lagu guda jiro sano ee uu noloshiisa. Waxa uu ka soo baxay in ay samatabbixin on falsafadda ah aasaas lagu kalsoonaan karo oo xoog leh, wuxuu si joogto ah u qabtaan kala duwan, waxbarashada faahfaahsan ee degaanka dabiiciga ah iyo taariikhda. shaqada koriska (cashar) waqtiga Aristotle dhawray oo la daabacay ee BC 60meeyadii. e. Andaronikos ee Rhodes. Sidaas "Metaphysics" waa a collection of casharo siin at Lyceum ah waqtiyo kala duwan. Magaca "metaphysics" waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa meesha shaqada ee dhinacyada soo ururinta oo ka mid ah shuqullada Aristotle, sababtoo ah waa ka dib "Physics" (μετα Greek -. «Ka dib markii»). Laakiin oo dhan content la mid ah sida ay tahay metaphysical ee dareenka casriga ah - haddii "Physics" jeeda caqabadaha loo bandhigi dhaqdhaqaaqa, ee "Metaphysics" waxaa ka go'an in mabaadiida ugu sareeya iyo sababaha. Laftiisa "Physics", ie, gulkroppshormon Aristotle ee u huray in sayniska dabiiciga ah iyo falsafad dabiiciga ah ayaa sidoo kale waxay khusaysaa muddo saddexaad. Waxay sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah "On nafta" - aragti nafsi ee Aristotle, ee shaqada ( "Nicomachean Ethics", "Great Ethics"), aragti siyaasadeed ( "Policy"), "-dirirka", "Poetics".

habaynta sayniska

Aristotle sida cilmiga iyo falsafadda habeeyay, waxaa qaybsameysaa meelahan soo socda aqoonta:

1. Falsafadda afka baarkiisa. Waxaa doonayaa in ay gaaraan aqoonta saafi ah, in aqoonta nafteeda by, ma aha in natiijada wax ku ool ah. Falsafadda akhriska waxaa ka mid ah physics (daraasad mid ah waxyaabaha la, goobaha la beddelo), xisaabta (waxbarashada jirayaa, laakiin lagama sooci karo wax ka) iyo metaphysics (waxaa loola jeedaa in ay ka wax ka, ah iyo midda ma guurtada ah soocay).
2. falsafada la taaban karo. Waxaa ka mid ah sayniska inta siyaasadeed, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah edbiyo in Aristotle ayaa aaminsan in tooska iyo kaabayaal siyaasadda, dhaqaalaha, istaraatijiyad, hadalkiisaa.
3. falsafada gabay. Waxaa ka mid ah anshaxa iyo sharraxaadda, waxaa ka mid ah aragtida Aristotle ee farshaxanka.

tabarruc Aristotle ayaa khasnaddii ilbaxnimada adduunka si dhib leh waa la quudhsan karin. Maxaa Aristotle furay, liiska noqon kartaa muddo dheer. Inta ugu badan ee aragtiyaha uu u guuray falsafadda Neo-kiciyo iyo falsafada Dr Makumbe. dheer A waxaa asal Aristotle iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in maanta waa ku salaysan erayada falsafada ah mid ka mid ah afafka aduunka ee hadda jira.