Commonwealth of Nations: Liiska dalalka

Commonwealth of Nations - Association of Independent States, kaas oo ka mid ah Britain iyo qaar badan oo isagay hore, deegaanada iyo Koofur ee ay. Dalalka ka tirsan Ururka, oo aan haysan awood siyaasadeed ayaa midkoodba midka kale. Its aasaaska loo dhigay in 1887, ee 1926 qaatay Baaqa Balfour iyo damaanad xaaladda Commonwealth December 11, 1931 (Statute of Westminster). Ka dib markii taas Commonwealth ahaa sida ururka ka mid ah dalalka, weheliso ururka UK shakhsi ahaaneed.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

Aasaaskii la dhigay qarnigii XIX iyo soddon jirka bilowgii qarnigii XX-th la ansixiyay qaynuun qeexaya xuquuqda State xubnaha ka ah ururka. Sida laga soo xigtay document ee 1931, Boqortooyada UK waa madaxa dalka kasta oo loo aqoonsado Statute of Westminster iyo xubin ka mid ah Commonwealth Ingiriiska of Nations.

Isla, dokumentiga abuurayaa xaaladda sharci ee isagay u ah, iyo sidoo kale ku shubtaa meel shirarka xalka ugu fiican ee 1926 iyo 1930. Sidaas darteed, isagay ayaa la aqoonsan yahay dalalka Qolyihii madax bannaan, si buuxda loo siman yahay oo la Britain, sharciyada England oo aan dalban karaa in aan raalli.

In 1947, xaaladda bedelay la badalo of India dal Jamhuuriga, iyo fashilka leedahay in la aqoonsado madaxa Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ee gobolka lahaa in ay si qoto dheer dib waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee ururka. Beddel magaca iyo ujeedada ururku - waxa ay noqotay mudnaanta hawlgallada bani'aadamnimada, barnaamijyo waxbarasho, iwm ...

Currently ka mid ah Commonwealth dalalka quruumaha (Tirada 53) muujiyaan hab ka duwan in maamulka gobolka. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 16 oo keliya - Commonwealth of Boqortooyada, aqoonsadaan British Queen ah Elizabeth II Head of State.

Maraykanka ururka gudahood

Jidka xaaladda hadda jira ee qarnigii XXI ayaa muddo dheer. State ku biiray gudaha iyo dibedda ee ururka xubin ayaa ganaax iyo dib u bilaabay (tusaale ahaan gaar ahaan darey tusaale halkan Fiji, kuwaas oo xubin ka ayaa la ganaaxay ay sabab u tahay dhibaatooyinka ururka la dimuqraadiyad dalka).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee Hab-weli socday, sameynta iyo beddelo Commonwealth-ka casriga ah. Liiska dalalka la siiyo sida uu macluumaadka ku yaal website-ka rasmiga ah:

• Antigua iyo Barbuda;
• Bangladesh,
• Botswana;
• Kanada,
• Fiji (dib sida xubin buuxda tan iyo bishii September 26, 2014);
• Guyana,
• Kenya;
• Malawi;
• Malta,
• Namibia,
• Nigeria;
• Rwanda,
• Seychelles,
• Sulaymaan Islands,
• Saint Kitts and Nevis;
• Tonga;
• Uganda;
• Vanuatu;
• Australia,
• Barbados;
• Brunei,
• Cyprus;
• Ghana;
• India,
• Kiribati;
• Malaysia;
• Mauritius,
• Nauru,
• Pakistan,
• St. Lucia;
• Sierra Leone;
• South Africa,
• Saint Vincent iyo Grenadines ah;
• Trinidad and Tobago,
• United Kingdom,
• Zambia;
• Bahamas,
• Belize,
• Cameroon,
• Dominika;
• Grenada,
• Jamaica,
• Lesotho,
• Maldives,
• Mozambique;
• New Zealand,
• Papua New Guinea,
• Samoa,
• Singapore,
• Sri Lanka;
• Swaziland,
• Tuvalu;
• Tansaaniya.

Waxaa ka mid ahaa ee Commonwealth of Nations ka mideysan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya heshiisyadii iyo alaabtii, laakiin sidoo kale dhaqan iyo luqad ahaan, in 11 dal, Ingiriisi waa mid ka mid ah luuqadaha rasmiga ah, iyo 11 kale - luqad kaliya ee rasmiga ah.

Dowladda oo ka mid ah Commonwealth of Nations

Sida lagu sheegay website-ka rasmiga, waa urur iskaa wax u qabso ah dalalka la qiyamka caadi ah. Queen Elizabeth II si rasmi ah waa madaxa Commonwealth Ingiriiska of Nations (liiska wadamada xubnaha ka ah ururkan waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn dunida oo dhan), maamulka fulinta ee hadda bixisaa Xoghaynta.

Qaabka uu leeyahay qaybinta gacanta gudahood Midowga sida soo socota: 32-goboleedyada waa Jamhuuriyadda, 5 - Boqortooyada qaranka, iyo 16 aqoonsan madaxa Queen British ah, wakiil in dal kasta by Gudoomiyaha Guud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aanu u samayn wax hawlaha rasmiga ah ama waajibaadka.

Ganacsiga

Abuuris dalalka liiska Commonwealth of Nations waa mid cajiib ah - state wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar qaybood oo kala duwan, sida ay soocidda Bangiga Adduunka (darajada la cusboonaysiya sanad si ay u muujiyaan qaranka guud per capita dakhliga sanadkii la soo dhaafay). Kuwaas oo kala ah, 11 dakhliga sare, 14 - dakhliga sare-dhexe, 18 - ka hooseeya celceliska, iyo 10 - ka-IRR hooseeyo.

Dalalka ku bahoobay yihiin in hogaanka in warshado badan oo caalamka ah, ka mid ah tusaalayaasha - macdanta dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo birta, tiknoolajiyadda macluumaadka iyo dalxiiska.

formation of Dhexe

Dalalka ugu horeysay, xubno ka mid ah ururka ay ahaayeen boqortooyada United, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa. Waxay ku biiray Commonwealth of Nations ee 1931. Pakistan iyo India ayaa ku biirtay Midowga 1947. Sri Lanka - 1948. Si wada jir ah, ay u sameeyaan liiska dalalka - xubnaha ugu da'da weyn ee ururka.

In 1957 ay soo biiray by Ghana.

In si demoqaraadiyad ah, Commonwealth Ingiriiska of Nations ayaa helay intaas dheer cusub, urur biiray Nigeria (1960), Sierra Leone iyo Tansaaniya (1961), Uganda (1962), Kenya (1963), Zambia (1964 ). Next - Guyana, Botswana iyo Lesotho (1966), Swaziland (1968)

Bangladesh ku biiray ururka sanadkii 1972, Papua New Guinea - 1975

Iyo, ugu dambeyntii, ayaa dhameystiraya liiska dalalka Namibia (1990), Mozambique iyo Cameroon (1995), Rwanda (2009)

dadka

Marka la eego dadka Commonwealth of Nations ayaa 2.2 bilyan oo qof. Expectedly keeni Hindiya - 1236,7 million. Far iyo gadaashiisa, waa qiyaastii heer la mid ah, Pakistan, Bangladesh iyo Nigeria - 179,2 milyan oo 168,8 milyan oo 154,7 milyan oo siday u kala horreeyaan. In kaalinta afaraad, qaab daran oo ku filan, United Kingdom (tirooyinka oo dhan iyo xogta waxaa laga qaadaa website-ka rasmiga ah ee Commonwealth) - dadka sida uu sheegay in tirooyinkii ugu dambeeyey ee 62.8 milyan oo qof.

Weyn oo ku saabsan degaanka Kanada degan oo dhan 34.8 million, iyo dhulweynaha Australia leh 23.1 milyan oo qof.

Filashada nolosha iyo caafimaadka

Laakiin berrinkii caafimaadka iyo fayo-qabka dhammaan waa in la filayo - ugu sareeya celceliska cimriga ee Australia iyo Singapore (82 sano jir), Kanada iyo New Zealand (81 sanno jir) ee United Kingdom, Cyprus iyo Malta (80 sano). Ugu dambeyntii Sierra Leone - sano oo kaliya 45 (sida of 2012).

dalka isku keenaysaa on heerka carruurta iyo dhimashada carruurta, iyo sidoo kale hooyooyinka (sida ee 2010-2012.). Iyadoo Sierra Leone - dal leh mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee dhalashada Dhexe.

Mozambique iyo Rwanda

Tobaneeyo sano, waxaana qaadanay falalka kala duwan iyo qaybo ka mid ah waraaqaha kale ee nidaaminaya howlaha ururka in ay suurogal tahay in aadan awoodin. document A hal, iyo sidoo kale dastuurka, ma. The eed galo waa xiriirka la United Kingdom - wadada xubin ka Commonwealth ee u furan yahay deegaanada hore, Koofur ee iyo sayidnimo. Xeerkani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray laba ka reeban: Mozambique, ka gumeysi hore ee reer Portugal, iyo Rwanda, gumeysi a hore ee Belgium iyo Germany.

Midkii kowaad wuxuu iyaga ka mid ah - mid ka mid ah dalalka dunida ugu saboolsan. Mozambique - state xubin oo ka mid ah Commonwealth of Nations ah "si aan xaq ahayn, laakiinse nimcada." Ayuu fuulay, goysiga ah ka dib markii derisyadaada oo dhan, xubnaha ururka ayaa weyddiistay Mozambique (tani waa mid ka mid ah aragtiyaha ah).

Background waa sida soo socota: ka dib markii ay xornimada qaadatay 1975, dib u habaynta waaweyn ayaa la fuliyay oo la Dheereeyey, inta badan ee degayaasha Portuguese. dagaalka sokeeye qarxay, oo ay la socdaan khasaare ba'an ka mid ah dadweynaha iyo socdaalka ee tiro badan oo qaxooti ah.

Dagaalka dhamaaday kaliya ee 1992 - layaabna ma leh in dalka ay ahayd in hoos u dhac. Xubin ka Commonwealth guud ahaan waa faa'iido gobolka - taasi waa run, waayo, Rwanda, kaas oo sidoo kale maamula si ay u noolaadaan wakhtiyada adag (oo ay ku jiraan xasuuq).

Doorka iyo ujeedooyinka la xiriira xubnaha

Maanta, xubno ka mid ah Commonwealth of Nations British waxaa ka hawlgala laba jiho - si kor loogu qaado mabaadiida iyo caadooyinka dimuqraadiyadda iyo kor u qaadida horumarka. Waa labaad ee ugu weyn, ka dib markii United Nations, isbahaysiga caalamiga ah. Ingiriisi kaalin mideynaya aad u muhiim ah, gaar ahaan hadda in afka uu noqday hab wada xiriir ganacsi.

Britain oo kale dalalka horumaray waxaa la fuliyay in qaabka guud ee ergooyinka kala duwan ee Midowga ee bani'aadamnimada, in taageero dhaqaale iyo mid kale dhexgalaan. Inkastoo si rasmi ah u dhammaan dalalka xubnaha ka ah Commonwealth madaxbannaan yihiin, gargaar sida ku kordhinaya saamaynta waxa haya'ad in kuwa u baahan.

Doorka UK gudahood Midowga

Inta taariikhda, ka formation of ururada iyo dheeraad ah, doorka UK iyo habdhaqanka in ururka this bedelay. In qeybtii hore ee XX-th qarnigii, waxaa loo gudbinayaa ma aha oo kaliya sida Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Waqti ka, mudnaanta siyaasadda hadda u wareegeen dhinaca Midowga Yurub, in eegay farxad leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego horumarka dhawaan ee Midowga Yurub, fikradda ah xoojinta iyo horumarinta xiriirka u ekaan karaan sii kordheysa soo jiidasho leh, siin sida ballaaran liiska la xirrira dalalka Commonwealth.

In taageero of course this loo fasiri karaa iyo dhaqanka British dhinaca Australia. In dalka this, taageerayaasha foomka Jamhuuriga ee dowladda ay joogaan aad u xoog badan, oo la hadal oo ku saabsan bixitaanka ka dhawaaqa Commonwealth si joogto ah.

Booqashada Australia xubnaha qoyska boqortooyada Ingiriiska, iyo sidoo kale arooska ee 2011 ee Prince William iyo Keyt Middlton ayaa door ka ciyaaray kor sharafta ka mid ah guri ammaan Windsor. Haddana waxaa ka dhawaajisay on 2011 Hadalladii diblomaasiyiinta Ingiriiska, booqashooyinka kuwaas oo hoos u suurtagal ah in jeestay Australia galay jamhuuriyad mustaqbalka dhow.

Booqo of Queen Elizabeth II iyo Prince William, iyo sidoo kale arooska reer boqor ay berri xiiso Australiyaanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, saraakiisha sidoo kale sheegay in bulshada Australia mustaqbalka ku dadaali doontaa in ay ka hesho awood ay boqoraddu iska, xataa haddii awood tani waa calaamad oo kaliya.

Hadal qoraal ah oo, FCO ayaa sheegay in isbedel dadka dalka keentay in hoos u dhac in tirada muwaadiniinta bartey dareemi ay xidhiidh la leh England. Isla mar ahaantaana, boqolkiiba badan oo ah dadka aaminsan in la aasaaso Jamhuuriyadda - marxalad muhiim ah in formation of gobolka.

Qaar ka mid ah dalalka kale oo ka mid ah Commonwealth of Nations, si kastaba ha ahaatee, taageero fikradda ah iskaashiga u dhaw. soo jeedinta noocan oo kale ah ayaa durba la muujiyay, laakiin ma helin taageerada inta badan sababta oo ah walaac ka hor hamiga Imperial ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.

jaaniska isdhexgalka weli waa yar yahay - heer aad u kala duwan ee horumarka aanu kor complementarity horumariyo wax soo saarka, dalalka ugu heer hoose, tartamaan, sida ay soo saaraan alaabta la mid ah ama la mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa taageero faa'iido ka horumaray. khasaare A halis ah oo Dawlada Dhexe, si kastaba ha ahaatee, loo arko in aysan u leeyihiin habab xoog leh in ay saamayn ku xubnihiisa - ikhtiyaarka kaliya ee waa ganaax ah oo xubin ka ah ururka.