Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: Biography gaaban, sawiro, farshaxanka, xaqiiqooyinka nolosha

Mid ka mid ah ragga ugu caansan ee dhaqanka Ruush ah dhamaadka XVIII - qarniyo hore XIX ahaa Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Waxa uu ahaa shakhsi caan ah, iyo sidii halyay iyo sida gabayaa, waa kii qoraaga gabay ugu caansan uu waqti, xaladii ruuxii wax Nuurin la'aantiis ka. Dad yar u qaban karo si ka badan u tahay horumarka dhaqanka ee dalka, sida uu ku sameeyay Gabriel Derzhavin. Biography iyo shaqada ninkan weyn, shaki ku jirin, waxay mudan yihiin baadhitaan faahfaahsan.

taariikhda

Laakiin ka hor inta aanad bilaabin si ay u bartaan xaqiiqooyinka nolosha Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, bal aynu si kooban u eegno taariikhda qoyskiisa.

Derzhavins Qoyska leeyihiin oo xididdada Tatar. Aasaasihii of nooca loo arkaa Horde Murza Braga, kuwaas oo ku biiray qarnigii XV ee adeegga ee Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II Madow ah , oo waa la baabtiisay by magaca Ilya. Marka la eego in uu diinta Islaamka cusub joogay sirkaal Tatar ah, Prince isaga siiyey darajo ah oo ku abtirsan.

Waxaan lahaa wiil Brahim Narbekov baabtiiska yeedhay Dimitri, ahaa curadkii nooca kaas oo ka dhacay Narbekova, iyo ka yar - Alexei Narbekova, loo yaqaan The Power kaliya sameeyay guri ammaan Derzhavins.

Wiilashii aasaasayaasha nooca gebi Russified, kaas oo inta badan ka fadilay ee guurka badan oo aan la yeelanay wakiilada abtirsan Ruush, qaaday jagooyinka la taaban karo la amiirradii iyo boqorradii reer gobolka Ruush. Gaar ahaan, taliyayaasha iyo midiidinnadiisa. Halkan waxa aad farac ka mid ah qoyska caan ah oo ahaa Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

dhalinyarada Derzhavin

Life Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina bilaabay July 3 (sida ay taariikhiyan hore) 1743. Waxay ahayd markaa in uu ku dhashay tuulada Gobolka Kazan Sokurov oo qoyska ka mid ah sarkaal ka tirsan ciidamada Roman Nikolaevich Derzhavin iyo Fokly Kozlova.

Sababo la xiriira nooca adeegga militariga qoyska N. Roman lahaa in ay si joogto ah u guuraan meeshaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gavriil Romanovich aabbihiis badiyay at 11 sano.

Gabayaaga mustaqbalka bilaabay inuu helo waxbarashada ugu da'da toddoba, markii uu ku soo diray inaad wax ka barato guriga martida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay saboolnimo, taas oo hoos u soo giringiriyey qoyska ka dib markii khasaaraha ka mid ah kuwa masuul ka ah, si ay u sii wataan waxbarashadooda ahaa kuwo ku adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1759, Gabriel Derzhavin gaaray Kazan ee nooca gymnasium dugsiga, kaas oo si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay in intii saddex sannadood ah, taasoo muujinaysa qaar ka mid ah natiijooyinka barashada ee ugu fiican. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on this uu tababarka dhammaado. Waxbarashada noocan oo kale ah tan iyo wakhtigaas waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay maqaar saar.

Isla markii qalin jebinta, Gavriil Romanovich waxaa diiwaan sida askari gaarka ah ee ilaalada ah ee isbeddelid sida ku jirta. Waxaa uu bilaabay inuu qoro aayadda ugu horeysay. Iyadoo qayb ka ah cutubkan wuxuu ka qaybgalay inqilaab ee 1762 inay afgembiyaan Peter Emperor ee III iyo enthronement ee Catherine, ka dib loogu magac daray the Great. Dhab ahaantii Tani waa in ay inta badan ka muuqataa in uu xirfadiisa mustaqbalka.

Toban sano ka dib inqilaabkii Gabriel Derzhavin dambeyntii helo darajo sarkaalka, oo sannad ka dib ayaa marka hore gabayo uu daabacay. Isla mar ahaantaana, isagu xaq buu isu kala duwanaayeen in dagaalka ka dhanka ah caasinimo ee Pugachev.

Adeegga dadweynaha

Ka dib markii fariistay military ee 1777, si ay codsi u gaar ah warqad uu u diray Catherine Empress mahad, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich tagaa si ay hawsha rayidka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, in uu helay 300 beeralayda kale. lix bilood kale ka dib markii uu noqonayaa askari ee Senate. In 1780 wuxuu noqday taliye ku saabsan dakhliga iyo kharashka dawladda, taas oo waa wax meel faa'iido.

warkiisii baahsan sida gabayaa Derzhavin helay in 1782, la daabaco uu ODE "Felitsa" ka go'an in ay ammaanida ee Catherine Empress II. Dabcan, shaqadan waxaa ka buuxay sasabasho ah in qofka ugu sareeya, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, waxa uu ahaa heer sare ah farshaxanka, iyo si toos ah gacan ka mustaqbalkiisa dheeraad ah ee qoraaga. Waxaa isaga u mahad, waxa uu ku guuleystay Nicmada Gabriel Empress ku Derzhavin. Uu Biography mustaqbalka ka kooban yahay horumarinta mustaqbalkiisa Dhimasho. Isla sanadkaas wuxuu noqday gole gobol.

In 1783, Academy ah waxaa la aasaasay bishii St. Petersburg, iyo Abwaan tan iyo furitaanka waxaa uu noqday xubin buuxda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma sheegi karno in dhammaan uu gabi ahaanba habsami lahaa in adeegga dadweynaha. Sababo la xiriira khilaaf la amiirka sare Vyazemsky, uu sokoeye hore, ayuu fariistay Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography kooban oo ka dhigaysa wax aan macquul ahayn in ay diiradda saaraan dhamaan qodobada kiiska.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar hore in 1784 uu u diray si ay u maareeyaan gobolka Olonets ee Karelia. Waxaa Gavriil Romanovich dhaliyay dadaala weyn ee aasaaska nolosha dadweynaha iyo dhaqaalaha ee gobolka, sidaas darteedna waxaa muujinaya talanti ay ururka sare. Tani waxay muddo nolosha iyo dhulka, kexeeyey by Abwaan, ka go'an jirka la taaban karo ee gabayada Derzhavin.

Laba sano ka dib uu bixiyo boos dheeraad ah oo faa'iido ah taliyaha Tambov, sulivshuyu dakhli ka badan iyo mudnaanta.

Pinnacle ee mustaqbalkiisa

Dhanka kale, adeegga iyo aad u badan gaaro meelaha Derzhavin Gavriil. Si kooban, ee 1791, wuxuu noqday xoghayaha Empress ah Catherine, iyo laba sano ka dib dalacsiiyay darajo of Senator iyo xildhibaanka ku jira. Hadda waxa laga bilaabo aan si ammaan ah u oran karaa in Derzhavin ka dhigteen in Kooxaha bulshada Ruush.

In -1795 Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich dacwoodeen horyaalka ee Madaxweynaha College Ganacsiga ah - xujo dadweynaha, oo shaqadoodu ahayd si ay u maareeyaan iyo ganacsiga control. Dabcan, waxay ahayd meel aad u faa'iido.

Ka dib markii dhimasho Catherine ayaa, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Paul waxaan Gavriil Romanovich noqday khasnajiga gobolka iyo taliyihii Chancellery Senate ka. Marka Paul ka dambeeya Alexander I ee 1802. Derzhavin helay portfolio wasiir si uu u noqdo wasiirka caddaaladda. Waxay ahayd saaray munaaraddii ee xirfadiisa adeegga uu.

is casilay

Laakiin mar hore sanadkii 1803 at da'da iyo lixdan sannadood, Wasiirka Caddaaladda oo iscasilay iyo marnaba si ay hawsha dadweynaha ku noqdeen, ayuu ku noolaa ilaa uu dhintay mid ka mid ah guryaha uu gobolka tuulada Zvanka Novgorod ah. Waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah sababaha keenay in xaqiiqda ah in lagu qasbay inuu ciyaaraha ka fariisto Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography kooban oo kuu ogolaanaysaa kaliya ku qor, iyada oo aan la tilmaamayo faahfaahinta. Tani da 'wayni, daal adeegga dadweynaha ee Derzhavin, iyo waxa ugu muhiimsan - doonaya uu u qaadidda by cadcad cusub Alexander I.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay dhacdo this, waxaa jira dhinacyo wanaagsan, iscasilaadda ee Gavriil Romanovich ogol yahay in ay xoogga saaraan shaqada suugaanta.

Shaqada hore

Hal-abuurka Gabriel Derzhavin waa nooca calaamad ay waqti. Sida hore loo sheegay, ugu horreeya ee gabayada uu uu u qoray, sida gaarka ah ee isbeddelid Ilaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Derzhavin gabayada this more qoray qudhiisa in ka badan in ay dib u eegis guud.

Koowaad ee gabayada uu lagu daabacay toban sano ka dib ee 1773, markii Derzhavin hore u qabtay meel sarkaal. Laakiin ammaan ee heerka gobolka si uu u keenayna ODE ah in "Felitsa" ka go'an in ay All-Ruush Empress Catherine II. Shaqadu waxay qorayeen bogaadin iyo ciqaab ay ammaanaan, laakiin waqti isku mid ah ay ka kooban kubada arrin caato ah, oo ka shaqeeya ODE tusaale saaray par a la curiyay ugu weyn ee gabayada casriga ah, iyada oo in ka.

Waxa ay ahayd ka dib markii daabacaadda "Felitsa" Derzhavin noqday mid ka mid ah ugu caansan gabayaaga of Russia uu waqti.

xirfadiisa dheeraad ah

qaddar adag lahaa Gabriel Derzhavin. Xaqiiqada ah inuu naftiisa muujinaysaa in xitaa ugu sareeyay posts dowladda, ma uusan iloobin gabayada. hawlaha Xilligan waxa ka mid ah qoraal ahaan xagga shuqullada mid taariikhi ah sida "maydh Thunder guul," "Swan", "Ilaah", "grandee", "Falls" iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay Tilmaamo fikradeed iyo mawduucyada la xiriira u gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, "ayuu Thunder maydh guul" ayaa lagu wadaa in uu music iyo in bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa heesta aan rasmi ahayn ee Russia. abuurista kale oo "Dayrta hareereeyo of Ochakov" Abwaan ahayd nooc ka mid ah gabay ah call inay talaabo ka ciidanka urub. wax soo saarka A sida "Swan" iyo "biyo-dhac" waxaa lagu qoray sarkhaansan Derzhavina joogaan Karelia.

Derzhavin qoray gabayo sida lyric iyo Tacaddi, loogu talagalay kor niyadda iyo uuga reer Empress iyo Empire Ruush ah. In kasta shuqulladiisa lahaa dhadhan gaar ah u gaar ah.

Waxaa xusid mudan in inta badan shuqullada ugu caansan ee Gavriil Romanovich chronologically yimaado kaliya mudada uu kor u qaadida weyn mustaqbalkiisa adeegga madaniga ah.

shaqada suugaaneed ka dib fariistay

Sida kor ku xusan, iscasilaadda ka socda adeegga dawladda loo oggol yahay Derzhavin sooco waqti dheeraad ah si gabayada iyo suugaanta ee guud.

In 1808 wuxuu soo saaray edition cusub shuqulladiisa in shan qaybood.

In 1811, wada jir ah ula tirooyinka kale ee muhiimka ah ee wasiirka dhaqanka Ruush Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym fariistay abuurtaa bulsho suugaanta. abuurista ururkan, sida xaqiiqada ah mid ka mid ah falalka ka badan in uu noqon doono faani Gabriel Derzhavin. Biography kooban oo, nasiib daro, cidhiidhi baaxadda sheeko ah oo aan faah faahsan u sharax hawlaha bulshada.

Waxa xusid gaar ah ayaa noqday caanka ah ee kulanka mustaqbalka Derzhavin la Abwaan weyn Ruush Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Pushkin weli ahaa arday oo lahaa ammaan jirin, laakiin Gavriil Romanovich, qaadashada imtixaanka, xataa wakhtigaas waxaa ogaaday sameeyaan, hanad ah. Shirkan waxa la taaban karo ka dhacay sanad ka hor dhimashada Derzhavin ee 1815.

qoyska

Gabriel Derzhavin ahaa laba jeer guursaday. markii ugu horeysay uu guursaday da'da 35 sano in lix iyo toban Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, kuwaas oo ahayd gabadhii ay taalo a dejiyey Emperor Peter III, a hore ee Portugal. Sidaa awgeed la yaab leh, waayo, la odhan Ruush. Arooskii ka dhacay 1778. Inta u dhaxaysa newlyweds waxay ahaayeen dareenka quruxsan dhiiran, oo aan la yaab leh, ka fiirsaneysa inay ku tayada qofka Gavriil Romanovich oo quruxduna Catherine Yakovlevna. La yaab ma laha Derzhavin rumaysan Muuse xaaskiisa in dhiiri hal abuurnimadiisa.

Laakiin farxad ma aha weligeed ah, iyo Gabriel Derzhavin waasac caloolxumo weyn. Xaaskiisa dhallinyarada, isagoo kaliya 34 jir ah, ayaa ku dhintay 1794. Waxay yahay oo wuu xasilloon qabuuraha Lazarev ee St. Petersburg.

Inkastoo Gavriil Romanovich walbahaar ogaa soohdin lahayn, lix bilood gudahood dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ka dib markii uu guursaday markii labaad. Uu doonanayd ahayd gabadhii xeer iyo gobolka gole sare Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. Waqtiga ay is aroosadda ahaa sano oo kaliya 28 jir ah, halka Derzhavin - '51. Waa in la sheegay in, si ka duwan guurka ugu horeysay gabayaa ee, union this aan la dhisay on jacaylka, laakiin saaxiibtinimo iyo is xushmayn. Darya Alekseevna badbaaday ninkeeda by sida ugu badan ee 26 sano, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee markii labaad guursaday ma ka soo baxay.

Carruurta Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina ma ahaa, laakiin waxa uu qaatay daryeelka ilmaha saaxiibkiis dhintay Peter Lazarev, magiciisa la odhan jiray Andrew, Alex iyo Michael. Ugu danbeysay ee iyaga ka mid ah in mustaqbalka ay noqdaan horyaal ah Jacaylku.

dhimashada gabayaa ee

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ku dhintay estate uu Zvanka, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa oo dhammuna wuxuu sano ka dib iska casilay ka post wasiir. Oo waxay noqotay sannaddii toddoba iyo saddexaad ee nolosha gabayaa ee July 8 (style jir) ee 1816. Waqtiga dhimashada kooxdiisa ahayd inuu naagtiisa aamin Darya Alekseevna.

Laakiinse naagtiisii, khasaaraha ka mid ah sida ak tirsan awood dhaqanka uu waqti, dabcan, murugaysan qayb weyn oo intelligentsia Ruushka iyo shakhsiyaad aqoon, iyo sidoo kale dadka marka laga reebo kuwa kaliya ahaayeen yaqaanaan Gavriil Romanovich iyo isaga yiqiin oo sidii nin ah oo garawsi iyo sharaf leh.

Gabriel Derzhavin lagu aasay isbeddelid Quduuska ah Cathedral, oo ku yaalla aan ka fogayn Novgorod.

Natiijada ka mid ah nolosha iyo dhaxalka

Saas ma aha ee adag, hodan ah iyo xiiso leh nolosha ku noolaa Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Xaqiiqada ka Biography tilmaamaya doorka weyn ee qofkan ee hiddaha nololeed ee dalka iyo howlaha bulshada. Muhiimad gaar ah waa hawshiisu si Empire Ruush ee jagooyinka kala duwan ee dowladda. Laakiin dhaxalka ugu muhiimsan in ka tagay Gabriel Derzhavin - waa, dabcan, uu gabay cajiib ah, heer sare ah loo arkaa by saffarro uu sida gabayaa, iyo farcankiisa.

Oo haatan ee Russia xusuusan caarada in in ka dhigay Gavriil Romanovich horumarinta dhaqanka ee qaranka. On xuska Abwaan weyn waxaa daliil by taxadiri badan, steles iyo dabar Derzhavin dhigay magaalooyinka kala duwan ee Russia, gaar ahaan, in Petrozavodsk, Kazan, St. Petersburg, Tambov, iyo, dabcan, dhulka uu dubaan, Zvanka ee Gobolka Novgorod halkaas oo hanad ka qaatay sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa. Intaa waxaa dheer, in sharaf of Gabriel Derzhavin ee beelaha badan baa loo yeedhay jidadka, god, goobaha waxbarashada iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

Marka laga reebo waa in la sameeyo Madxaf-estate Abwaan weyn. Waxay ahayd ee gurigan taal halka on waajib in Gabriel Derzhavin degan St. Petersburg. Photos of estate ee uu beerta Polish waxaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

Haddaba, dhismahan waxaa loo arkaa museum weyn ee heegan u ah nolosha iyo shaqada Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. Maanta xaaladda sidoodii hore ku helay oo kaliya 2003, inkastoo go'aanka on abuuritaanka museum waxaa laga sameeyey shantii sano ka hor in. In sano ee ugu dambeysay, waxaa jiray la wadaago. Haddaba, dhismaha, arimaha gudaha oo ka mid ah noloshoodii of Derzhavin.

Dabcan, xusuusta reer sida shakhsiyad aad u fiican sida Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, uma qalmo oon noqodo mid ah oo aan marnaba la ma illoobi doono ee Russia doonaa.