Diyaaradaha La-7: caddaymaha, sawiro, sawiro

diyaarad Soviet La-7 waxaa la abuuray OKB-21 (oo ah magaalada Gorky, hadda Nizhny Novgorod -). Waxa uu hogaaminayo horumarinta SA Lavochkin - mid ka mid ah samaynta fiican Soviet. diyaarad Tani waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah tabta ugu wanaagsan oo diyaaradaha dagaalka intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxa uu isku daro hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee Fadilmo hawada - dhaqaajinta iyo hub.

Guudmarka

LA-7 - Diyaarad, taas oo loo kala saari karaa sida monoplane ah (qalab la mid ah labada ciyaaryahan baalashaada). Waxay leedahay hal-engine, oo ku yaalla qaansada, iyo hal kursi - waayo duuliyaha. Its ka horreeyay - diyaaradaha 5-dagaalyahan, sidoo kale sameeyeen 21 m Edo ah. noocooda hore ee diyaaradda (by LA-120 code) fayday in November 1943.

Bilowga 1944, wuxuu si guul leh u maray baaritaan duulimaadka iyo kafaaro dagaal waajib. By dhamaadka dagaalka ka conveyor soo degay ka badan 5,700 dagaalyahan La-7. Sida laga soo xigtay duuliye badan Soviet, diyaarad, kanu wuxuu ahaa ugu fiican: maqsuud ay awood kar, xawaaraha, isku halaynta iyo awood. Ee xilka ee noocan oo kale ah dagaalyahanada heer sare helaan kalsoonida guushii ay ka gaareen xiddiga mid ka mid ah Reich Saddexaad.

Sheekada

LA-7 waa natiijada horumar ah farsamada ee taxane ah oo dhowr diyaaradood. The ugu horeysay u muuqday Xarakada LaGG-2 (horumariyo 1939) iyo LaGG-3 (1940 th). Abuurkoodii, ayaa sidoo kale ka qeyb galay by samaynta M. Gudkov iyo Gorbunov. dagaalka ee labaad waxa uu ahaa awood u duulaya xawaare ah 600 km / h - diyaaradaha dhakhso Jarmal ee ay fasalka. Laakiin waxa uu ahaa mid culus: 600 kg badan Yak-1. Dhaqaajinta LaGG-3 iyo fuulid ayaa dad badan waxaa loo doonayaa.

In 1942 yimid LA-5 ee la engine ah lagu shido, iyo sidoo kale la xaqiijiyay in ay Battle of Stalingrad. Diyaaradda cusub ka xoogbadanyahay in "Messerschmitt", waxa uu ahaa sida ugu badan ee laba heerkiisa qoriga 20-millimeter, oo waxay ahaayeen wax ku ool ah ka badan "Jarmal" hal qalab, dhamaystirayaa laba qoryaha darandooriga.

In 1943, waqtiga oo ka mid ah Battle of Kursk, Air Force ee dalka heshay jiil cusub oo ka tirsan - LA-5FN la matoorada uprated, shido iyo si fudud loo xakameeyo. Xitaa ugu dambeeyay Jarmal "Focke-Wulf-190" ma noqon karaan tartan ee diyaaradda Soviet. Ugu dambayntiina, dhamaadka 1943 ayaa soo sara kacay hab cusub in ay hawada - LA-7. waxaa On, marka la barbardhigo dagaalka ee hore, waxaa jiray qori saddexaad, iyo sidoo kale diyaaradda ay gaari karaan xawaare ka mid ah 680 km / h.

hanad design

Ninka oo ku hogaamiyay abuurka LA-7 - Manida Alekseevich Lavochkin. Wuxuu - biladda dahabka ah, ee 1918-1920 isna wuxuu u adeegay in Ciidamada Cas iyo ciidamada xuduudda. Markaas barannin ee tehuchilische Moscow Sare (hadda MSTU Bauman.), Halkaas oo uu ka helay xirfadda ee injineer Aeromechanics. mawduuca uu sha ayaa lala xiriiriyay horumarinta qarxiyay.

Si aad u shaqayso suuqa aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon bilaabay dabayaaqadii 20 ee, ugu horreeyey ayaa ku hawlanaa ka dhigaayo diyaarad loogu talagalay raxan ah ee USSR ah, ka dibna tag in ay ka shaqeeyaan dagaalka ah. In qeybtii labaad ee 30-ka, marka waxay noqotay baaxaa, dowladda Soviet go'aansadeen in ay bixiso horumarinta Air Force ee dunida fiiro gaar ah. Lavochkin First la SN Lyushin abuuray LL-1 diyaaradaha, oo sita qoryaha rektivnymi Dynamo. Later yimid noocooda ah I-301, oo ay ku jiraan sawirada design aad u fiican. LA 7 leeyahay injineernimada muuqaalka tallaabada Seeds ay Alekseevich sano kuwa.

sifooyinka

The xawaaraha iyo heerka of fuulid ee diyaaradda La-7, mabda ', waxay ahaayeen dhigma kuwa ah ee La 5FN. Xaddididda xawaaraha dagaalka ee ahaa 680 km / h (marka duulaya at height a of 6 kun oo mitir.), Yaree qiimaha dalkii - 597 km / h. Range LA-7 safar ahaa 635 km, height saqafka - 10 km 750 m.

Fuuli dagaalka - 1098 mitir halkii daqiiqo. dhererka Machine - 8,60 m, height - 2.54 m miisaanka faaruqa ah -. 2605 kg faan - 3265 kg. Area of dagaalka garabka - 17.5 sq. m miisaanka duushay ugu badan -. 3400 kg. The Raven ee diyaaradda - 9,80 m LA-7 Engine -. Mid ka mid ah saddex nooc 82FN-DB, DB-83 Fighter ama 71. 1850 ayaa hooras riixdaan ah (oo u dhigma 1380 kw). Mid ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya aasaasiga LA-7 ka diyaaradaha hore - design fudud (sabab u ah xubnaha dhinaca biraha).

hubka

Qalabka dagaal of diyaarad La-7 ahaayeen, sida caadiga ah, labada 20-mm ShVAK nooca madfac ama saddex qori oo ah nooca la mid ah B-20 heerkiisa. Waxay ahaayeen awoodaan si looga hortago in shot ku dhufan ka garbaha of rafaasad ah, iyaga oo la dhiso synchronizer hydromechanical. Saanad qori guud ahaan ShVAK ahaa 200 wareeg per hub. Sidoo kale madaafiicdii rasaas dhammaystirayaa hubka u dusaya nooca qarxa (awoodaan in ay ka mudhbixin hubka 22 mm la fogaan ah 100 m), iyo sidoo kale qaybsanaanta hawadda nooca rasaas. Under baalasha diyaaradda noqon kartaa bamka set (ilaa 100 kg garabka kasta). Inta badan oo ka mid ah ay ahaayeen qolofka noocyada fab-50 iyo 100, ZAB-50, 100 (subscript tusinaysaa bam mass - 50 ama 100 kg).

ceebaha

Khubarada Milatariga tilmaamay in diyaaradda La-7 waqti ka waqti in ay diidaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan hydraulics. Waxa aan ahaa arrin joogto ah iyo engine dagaalka ah. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in qaadashada hawada engine ahaayeen in diyaarad garabka, ay noqdaan dhaafiyay hantida ciidda lagu jiro duushay oo soo degtey. Sidaa darteed, engine diidi karo inaad shaqeyso. hantida Tan waxaa looma eego khubaro imtixaannada gobolka, Aqbalaada dhacay ee xilliga qaboobaha, marka waxaa jiray ciidda ma.

Waxaa la aqoonsan yahay in engine ku-LA 5FN beeniyay yara naadir badan ee LA-7. meeldhexaadka ah Oil oo ku yaalla under sooctey ee diyaaradda, oo taas aawadeed in qol ay ahayd mid aad u kulul (oo ku saabsan 40 digrii ee xilliga qaboobaha iyo 55 xagaaga). Duuliyayaasha leeyihiin waqti adag iyada oo la tixgelinayo xaqiiqda ah in qol ku dhacay gaasas qaaca ka engine ah, oo waxaa inta badan hoos on condensate galaaska.

Barbar dhigtaa waxyaabaha la midka ah: Aragtida iyo Practice

LA-7 diyaaradda, taas oo uu leeyahay sawir in buugaagta ugu Duulista Soviet, waxaa inta badan loo arko dagaalka ah, fog ka xoogbadan dhigooda Jarmal ay - FW-190 iyo "Messerschmitt-109". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, duuliye isu ayaa sheegay in dagaalka ka dhanka ah diyaarad Jarmal ahaa mid aad u adag. Tusaale ahaan, u qabtaan quusto ah, sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah ACES Soviet, "Germany" waxay ahaayeen wax badan ka wanaagsan yahay mashiinka this. Sidaa darteed, inuu ku guuleysto dagaalka haddii cadowga u dhaqmeen sida aerobatics, waayeen sida caadiga ah oo kaliya duuliye ugu soo maray ee Air Force Soofiyeeti.

Laakiin, ugu muhiimsan, ee LA-7 Xaaladaha noocaas ah, siinta faa'ido ay sabab u tahay set af badan ee xawaaraha. Markuu suurtagashay in ay hesho dhow la Jarmalka weeraraan laga yaabaa cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee gacan tilmaamayaasha gacnta (dhaqaajinta horizontal) at LA-7 ogolaan hadal ah Fadilmo badan diyaarad Jarmal. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u tahay hoos u dagaalka ee Soviet loading garabka: oo ku saabsan 190 kg / sq m. (Marka "Jarmal" - in ka badan 200 kg / Xaylemaryam). Sidaa darteed LA-7 noqdaan 3-4 ilbiriqsi ka dhaqso badan, tusaale ahaan, "Focke-Wolf".

waayo-aragnimo dagaal

LA-7 - waa diyaarad a, taas oo ka dhigtay hawlgallada dagaalka ay, IN Kozhedub - halyeeyga pilot, Hero oo ka mid ah Midowga Soviet saddex jeer. Dagaal qaabka uu u bilowday ee xilka of LA-5 ah, taas oo hoos u keenay dhowr diyaaradaha darsin. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub halaagnay 17 dagaalyahan oo Jarmal, triumphantly dhamaystirka hawlgallada dagaalka ay intii ay socdeen dagaalladii u dhow Berlin.

Active isticmaalka dagaal of diyaarad ka bilaabay bishii June 1944. dagaalka Kani waxa uu ahaa in sharaf gaar ah ee regiments ilaalada ee Air Force Soofiyeeti. About halyeeyga LA-7 ka wanaagsan hadlay AI Pokryshkin - al, Hero oo ka mid ah Midowga Soviet saddex jeer. In fulinta hawlgallada dagaalka diyaarad, waxa uu hoos u toogtay 17 dagaalyahan oo Jarmal, oo ay ku jiraan Waxyeelo "Messerschmitt-262". pilot Soviet Great arkay dhaqaajinta, xawaaraha, awood hub wanaagsan LA-7 muunad: waxa oo dhan daryaa dhammaataan la aad jeceshahay "formula" xiddiga "xawaaraha, dhaqdhaqaaq iyo dab."

Diyaaradan oo ah geesiga

LA 7 taariikhyahanadu ah Patriotic Great dhaqan ahaan la xidhiidha magaca Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub oo dhaliyay 64 guul (waxaa jiray mar dambe wax ka mid ah xiddiga isbahaysiga anti-Hitler). dagaalo Account pilot furay bishii March 1943 on diyaarad military La-5. Ka dibna waxa Kozhedub dhigaysa noocan ah diyaarada dagaalka ee ah 146 weera ah iyo reebtay 20 "Jarmal". In May 1944, duuliyaha dhaqaaqay LA-5FN, kaas oo lagu soo ururiyay on lacagta, si xiisa leh, mid ka mid ah gobolka Stalingrad beeralay ee. At diyaarad this, uu baabbi'iyey 7 unugyada diyaaradaha cadowga. In August Kozhedub guutada lagu wareejiyay cusub ee Xarakada Air Force Soviet diyaarad-7. In noocan ah diyaaradaha Ivan Nikititch wuxuu la diriray ilaa dhamaadka aduunka.

Inta lagu jiro mid ka mid ah ergooyinka dagaal LA 7 Kozhedub waxaa ku dhufatey, uu engine hakad. Goostay inaanan in ay is dhiibaan cadowgu ku, xiddiga Soviet diyaarad in mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha uu dhulka ku soo diray. Laakiin markii dagaalka bilaabeen inay hoos lasoo, engine ah si lama filaan ah kasbadeen, iyo Kozhedub, dhaqaaqin LA-7 ka sarreysey, dib u Airporka ah. dagaalka oo dhan, Ivan Nikitich on mission dagaal duulay 330 jeer, ka qayb-galay 120 dagaalo hawada, oo baabbi'iyeen 64 diyaaradaha cadowga. Wuxuu waxaa la guddoonsiiyey billada "Gold Star".