Field of codsiga, iyo guryaha oo ah caanaha Tungsten ah

Waa maxay tungsten? The guryaha waaweyn ee element ah oo ku salaysan dhegyadii of dhismeedka kiimikada ay. Marka la eego baahida loo qabo tungsten, waa in aad si fiican u fahmaan qaab-dhismeedkooda.

jago ee Table ka wakhtiyeysan

Ka fiirsaneysa sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee tungsten, bilaw xaqiiqada ah in uu leeyahay tirada 74aad. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah, waxay ka dhigan tahay bir guurka isagoo midab buluug-lacag a a. Tungsten waa adag, ayaa bixisa macdan ah. Tani waa element ugu adkaadeen waa ka weyn yahay hal dhibic xaabo uu leeyahay carbon kaliya. ² 5p ⁶ 5d ⁴ 6s ² , E _ион (Ме => Ме ⁺ + e) = 7,98 э В. formula Electronic: KLMN5s ² 5p ^{4 6} 5d 6s ^2, _ra'iyi E (i => Me ^{+ +} e) = 7,98 e V.

Provenance

Its magaca aan caadi ahayn biraha this ku xidhan tahay in wolframite macdanta. "Wolf xumbo" ayaa loo yaqaan tan iyo qarnigii 16aad. Magacan oo aan caadi ahayn waxaa lagu sharaxay by joogitaanka macdanta ee u senti iyo waxa daasadda. Tungsten hortagi daasadda uriyo, waxa laga tarjumay galay xumbo ka slags. Maxay yihiin guryaha jirka ah ee tungsten ahaayeen saleysan isticmaalkiisa ballaaran ee warshadaha? In Maraykanka biraha tani waxaa la yiraahdaa "dhagax culus".

In qarnigii 18aad Sweden Scheele la acid loola dhaqmo scheelite macdanta nitric uu helay, qaata trioxide tungsten. Wax yar ka dib, walaalaha u suurtagashay in ay ka wolframite Saxon heli Eliyar xabagta tungsten. Waa farmashiye kuwan, qaar ka mid ah la ogaaday guryaha kiimikada ee tungsten.

Ahaanshaha ee dabiiciga ah

Ma jiraan wax ku dabiiciga ah ee tungsten saafi ah? guryaha kiimikada ee biraha soo jeedinaya ay joogaan in qolof ah qaybta ugu foomka xeryahooda. Tusaale ahaan, isku dar ah ee oxides of manganese, iron, tungsten. Codsiyada warshadaha xarunta la doorto ferberite iyo Gyubnera. Waxay joogaan marka lagu daro tungsten, bir iyo manganese. guryaha jirka ah ee biraha tungsten iyo oggolaadaan in loo qoondeeyo oo ah macdanta tungsten. In iyaga, midda aan ka badnayn boqolkiiba laba. Waxaa ka mid ah kayd weyn ee tungsten, waxaan la soco Shiinaha, Maraykanka, Kazakhstan. Intaa waxaa dheer, kaydka aqoonsaday oo la taaban karo ee senti biraha ee South Korea, Bolivia, Russia, Portugal. guryaha aad u fiican jirka ah ee tungsten u qaadan wax soo saarka la taaban karo warshadaha. soo-saarka sanadle ah dunida ee ku saabsan 50 kun oo tan oo element madax adkaadeen. The dhoofinta ugu weyn ee tungsten waxaa loo arkaa South Korea, China, Austria. Waxaa ka mid ah waarido ah oo timir ah biraha madax adkaadeen hoggaan iska leh Boqortooyada United, Japan, USA, Germany.

Features-soo-saarka

Diyaarinta tungsten waxaa lagu fuliyaa via tallaabo dhexe, oo tilmaamayo kala shancosbitaal ore trioxide tungsten. Next, waxaa la sameeyaa si loo soo celiyo biraha budada ah. tallaabo noocan oo kale ah qaadataa meel heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 700 degrees Celsius. Maxay yihiin guryaha jirka ah ee tungsten waa wadnaha of technology this? The heerkulka barafku sare waxay u saamaxdaa via metallurgy budada sakhiray in compaction budada, sintering jawi hydrogen a at heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 1300 degrees Celsius. Next, ka dib markii hadda korontada tungsten helay waxaa soo maray. Marka biraha la kululeeyo si heer kulka ah ee 3000 degrees arkay wax mabda'a. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo barafku zone waa la fuliyay oo daahirinta ku xiga iyo diyaarinta bir-hal crystal.

guryaha

Maxay yihiin astaamaha tungsten ah? guryaha Chemical ku salaysan heerkulkiisa barafku sare. element uu leeyahay valence ah 2 ilaa 6. ugu xasiloon la valency ah tungsten waa lix. Birta lagu gartaa fiicnaaday iska caabin ah daxalka. Waxa aanu oxidize hawada heerkulka qolka. In xabagta tungsten, waxaa soo baxday oo kaliya marka heerkulka qallooca cad. In taxanaha ah electrochemical ee biraha ku nuuxnuuxsaday element firfircoon ku taalaa ka dib markii hydrogen ah, sidaa daraadeed waxa aan waa L. in hydrofluoric milo iyo acids sulfuric. Tungsten waa ay awoodaan in ay milaan hydrogenperoxid ah, iyo sidoo kale isku dhiska ee acids hydrofluoric iyo nitric.

In joogitaanka oxidants biraha firfircoon oo awood u leh ficil la alkalies la shubay. First, dareen-celin ka soo baxa halkii si tartiib tartiib ah, laakiin ka dib markii lagu gaarey heerkulka 400 degrees dhacdaa degna kulaalaya biraha, kaas oo dedejisaa falcelinta. Tungsten in isku dar ah ee acid hydrofluoric iyo foomamka acid nitric geksaftorvolframovuyu. Lacagta ugu badan loo isticmaalo ee trioxide tungsten warshadaha. In tungstate uu awood u leeyahay in la abuuro anion a polymeric. biraha Tani waa sal u ah waxyaabaha madax adkaadeen in industry ee casriga ah.

Fields codsiga

Sidee ayaan u isticmaali karaa carbide tungsten? Guryaha ee xarunta loo isticmaalay in lagu kala saaro ka tungsten saafi ah. Plasticity iyo biraha madax adkaadeen ayaa waxaa aasaas u ah abuurista filaments in kulan nalal badan oo ka dhigay. Intaa waxaa dheer, tungsten waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tuubooyinka sawirka iyo tuubooyinka vacuum. Tan iyo element this waa cufnaanta sare, waxa ay noqotay saldhig u ah wax soo saarka ee Alloys culus. Iyagu waa lagama maarmaan waayo, abuurista kafado, iyo diirkja hubka u daloolin, xawaaraha sare ee gyroscopes rotors for gantaalaha ballistic. The Muga weyn ee tungsten waxaa loo isticmaalaa in alxanka argon-arc ah sida koronto ah. Alloys, taas oo ay ka kooban jira tungsten, waxay leeyihiin iska caabin ah oo kuleyl aad u sareeya, iska caabin acid, ay yihiin adkaysi u nooc farsamo. astaamaha noocan oo kale ah u ogolaan in u isticmaashaa soo saaridda oo ah alaabta qalliinka, taangiyada hubkiisa, matoorada diyaaradaha, inay ka qaybgalaan weelasha of walxaha shucaaca. tungsten Taasi waa qayb muhiim u ah soo saaridda ee fasalada steel oo tayo sare leh.

Waxa loo isticmaalaa in heerkulka sare Foornooyinka vacuum sida element kulaylinta a. In dhanba daawaha la thermocouples rhenium siiyaan Foornooyinka sida.

gunaanad

Waa sababta oo sare cufnaanta ee tungsten biraha ku haboon ilaalinta dusha ka ionizing shucaaca waa. darantahay ingeega, la kordhiyo iyo refractoriness biraha la abuuro dhibaatooyin la taaban karo ee ay processing. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatooyinka dawadu nickel, copper iyo bir. caabin Tungsten ayaa ka dhigtay in ay caanka ah ee soo saaridda ee qalabka dhismaha ee injineernimada casriga ah.

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah axdi qarameedka, jaba, jeestay, qodista. Tusaale ahaan, wax guul ah ka kooban yahay carbide tungsten. Isku dar ah Tani waxaa laga codsadaa in layliga ah loo isticmaalo si ay u abuuraan godad ee la taaban karo ka. tayadda tungsten u dhaqmo sida saliid-heerkulka sare ah. Waxa uu sheegay in wax soo saarka. Part xeryahooda tungsten loo isticmaalaa sida pigments iyo Xoojiya. Codso xarunta this biraha iyo sida element alloying ah ee steels iyo Alloys ku salaysan bir ah. qiimaha runta ah ee tungsten bir ma leedahay.