History, gaar ahaan of Tianwan NPP

dhibaatada isticmaalka tamarta ee dunida maanta waa mid aad u ba'an. khayraadka Non-cusboonaysiin karo, kuwaas oo dhaqan ahaan loo isticmaalo si ay u siiyaan dadka oo leh koronto, qasabtay dawladaha badan in aad ka fikirto ilo tamareed oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la'aanta ah ee horumarinta ah ee technology, noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladaha cimilada iyo juquraafi dhigi suurto gal in ay isticmaalaan tamarta qoraxda, biyaha iyo dabaysha ma aha in gobolada oo dhan. Taasi waa sababta xitaa ka dib markii shil dhawr ah oo halis iyo kordhay aamin dadweynaha oo ka mid ah "eb nabad ah" awoodda nuclear weli mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu wanaagsan ee horumarka.

tamarta nukliyeerka ee Republic of China

Atoomikada ee Shiinaha in jawi nabad ah la joogo waxaa wakiil lix iyo soddon tigoodu, qabanqaabiyaa afar iyo toban Quwadda Nuclearka. La qorsheeyey in la dhiso unug kale iyo soddon mid ka mid awood, iyo toban iyaga hore u yihiin marxaladda hirgelinta mashruuca ka.

Inta badan dhirta nukliyeerka (oo ay ku jiraan warshad nukliyeerka Tianwan, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah ugu kalsoonaan karo oo ammaan ah) ku yaalaan xeebta. deegaamaynta Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa isticmaalka biyaha badda for qaboojinta si toos ah. All goobta ku haboon u dhow ilaha biyaha badda ayaa horay bixiyey in dhismaha dheeraad ah unugyada awood cusub.

Guud ahaan, horumarinta firfircoon ee tamarta nukliyeerka ee Shiinaha waxaa loogu talagalay wanaajinta xaaladda deegaanka ee gobolka. dhaqaalaha degdeg ah u koraya ee hore ay bixiso dhirta tamarta dhuxusha, taas oo dhaadheer sunta ka badan warshad si fiican u shaqeeya. Sidaas darteed, hawada magaalooyinka waa nijaas ah, iyo guud ahaan marka la eego xaaladda deegaanka ka baxo badan waxaa loo doonayaa.

Shiinaha iskaashiga, iyo Federation Ruush berrinkii tamarta nukliyarka

Inta badan tigoodu ee dhulka ka mid ah Dadka Republic of China aan la dhisay oo aan Russia ee ka qaybgalka. marka laga reebo No, iyo dhismaha ku Tianwan warshadda nukliyeerka (warshad koronto, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waa shayga ugu weyn ee iskaashiga Ruush-Chinese). Horumarinta waxaa loo sameeyay in marxaladaha kala duwan ee qoritaanka xarumaha tamarta, unugyada dhismaha dhabta ah, sahayda qalabka dhismaha, qalabka, shaqaalaha iyo tababar ka mid ah dhismaha oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Shiinaha. Buuggu wuxuu si shirkadda "Rosatom" dhamaystirka mashaariic ka mid ah wada-hawlgalayaasha Chinese, Shiinaha, markeeda, waxa ay xoojisaa oo ay joogaan suuqa Ruush: Wada-hawlgalayaasha Eastern waa heysata saamiyada ee "Yamal ee Barriga Afrika" iyo "Sibur".

Location of Quwadda Nuclearka

Tianwan NPP (China) waxa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow magaalada eponymous on xeebaha Badda Yellow ah. dadka deegaanka ayaa soo wac magaalada, oo ku yaalla in ku dhow soddon kiiloomitir u jirta magaalada Lianyungang, tuulo yar oo kalluumeysiga, dhab ahaantii, degmada magaalooyinka ka yar shan milyan oo deggan yar. Meesha of Lianyungang - kaliya todoba iyo badh kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.

photo kor ku xusan waxaa lagu tilmaamay by meesha uu warshadda nukliyeerka Tianwan ee map Shiinaha.

Tariikhda mashruuca

Dhismaha warshad nukliyeerka u dhow "tuulada kalluumaysiga" Lianyungang bilaabay (haddii aan ka hadlo bilowga ah ee iskaashiga) ee 1992. Markaasuu u dhexeeya shirkadda injineerinka "Atomstroyexport" waa qandaraaslaha, dawladaha Dadka Republic of China iyo Ruushka saxiixday heshiis ku saabsan iskaashiga. Heshiiska ayaa waxa uu ogol yahay nuqulkii hore ee warshadda nukliyeerka ah Tianwan, sahayda qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah iyo qalabka, shaqada loo xirxiro, hordhaca ah ee hawlgalka warshadda nukliyeerka iyo tababarka shaqaalaha mustaqbalka ee ka shaqeeya xarunta tamarta.

Dhab ahaantii, furitaanka of unit koowaad ee warshad Tianwan ka dhacay sanadkii 2005. Sannad ka dib, network awooda qaranka ee China ka mid ah wax cusub - NPP Tianwan ah. Taariikhda mashruuca un la bilaabey. unit ugu horeysay ee laba nukliyeerka warshad wakiishay 2007. shayga si damaanad ahaa labadii sano ee soo socota.

In 2010, Shiinaha Energy Corporation galeen heshiis cusub la "Atomstroyexport" Ruush. Wakhtigan, heshiiska ku qoran shuruudaha dhismaha unugyada saddexaad iyo kan afraad. horumarinta Project ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey in 2012 kii saddexaad, iyo in 2013 ee blocks tamarta afraad, waxaa ku calaamadsan bilowgii aasaaska weyn la taaban karo. Waxaa la filayaa in unugyada awooda saddexaad iyo kan afraad ee warshadda nukliyeerka ah Tianwan loo wakiishay doonaa 2018.

Ururada ka soo qayb galay dhismaha Quwadda

dhismaha warshad nukliyeer awood aan ku hawlan oo keliya in shirkadda injineerinka "Atomstroyexport". Cutubyadii ay wareega koowaad ee mashruuca shirkadaha soo socda iyo ururada ka qayb qaatay at warshadda nukliyeerka Tianwan:

• maamulka sayniska qaadeen Institute Kurchatov;
• nidaamka nuclear horumariyo design ah tijaabo "Haydarooliga" Bureau;
• hordhaca ah ee Quwadda Nuclearka hawlgal ay gacanta ku qandaraasle guud - shirkadda "Atomtekhenergo";
• naqshadeeye guud ciyaaray St. Petersburg "AEP" ah;
• qalabka ugu weyn ee loo sameeyey on the "Geedaha Izhora";
• matoorrada uumi geedka mashiinka-dhismaha bixisey "ZiO-Podolsk";
• nidaamka xakamaynta warshadda nukliyeerka iswada laga iibsaday walaac Jarmalka Siemens.

Guud ahaan, horumarinta iyo fulinta ee mashruuca ku lug ku saabsan 150 shirkadaha iyo ururada, marka lagu daro, tiro ka mid ah qalabka ayaa lagu soo saaray by shirkadaha Shiinaha.

Gelida warshad nukliyeerka hawlgal

fulinta Successful oo ka mid ah mashruuca iyo guddoominta waqtiga oo ka mid ah unugyada marka hore amarka u noqday dhacdo bartilmaameed for warshadaha Shiinaha ee nukliyeerka, iyo sidoo kale qandaraaslayaasha Ruush, horumarinta. maamuuska shaqada pre-bixinta la saxiixay by madaxa "Atomstroyexport" kooxda reer Ruush iyo Agaasimaha JNPC (Jiangsu Power nukliyeerka Corporation) oo Chinese ah. Status Action Tianwan NPP (sawirka eeg. Hoos) helay August 16, 2007.

Muqaalka muhiimka ah

In dhismaha warshadda nukliyeerka loo isticmaalaa ugu horumarsan ee go'aanada wakhtigaas. arrin muhiim u ah ururada iyo shirkadaha ku hawlan barnaamijyada horumarinta mashruuca ahaa si loo hubiyo in kalsoonida NPP Tianwan ah. Si aad u taariikhda, qiimaha tamarta waa mid ka mid ah dhirta nukliyeerka dunida ugu ammaanka badan.

Si loo gaaro natiijo noocan oo kale ah uu ahaa suurto gal ah in xal u gaar ah, kaas oo ah feature muhiim ah oo mashruuca warshadda awoodda nuclear mahad. Xaqiiqada ah in dhismaha saldhigga dhowr wax-u dabin u dhigeen. compartments koorta-qaabeeya waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u xiraan xudunta u ah. Sidaas darteed, markii xubno shil ay suurto gal la shubay oo design dhismaha buuxin doonaa dabinka ah in looga hortago doona burburinta dhismaha oo dhan.

qorshayaal dheeraad ah oo iskaashi u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo Ruushka

dhamaystirka mashruuca guul u damaanad qaaday ee qandaraaslayaasha Ruush sii iskaashiga caalamiga ah. guddoominta ee xarunta wadajir ah ka dhergeen labada dhinac ee 2007. Heshiiska cusub waxay bixisaa xaaladaha horumarka mashruuca, dhismaha iyo guddoominta oo ka mid ah unugyada labaad-si (labaad iyo saddexaad) waxaa la saxiixay ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib xilliga adeegga damaanad ah Tianwan NPP ah.

Qorsheeyay dhismaha wadajir ah oo ka mid ah unugyada awood dhirta nukliyeerka ee Shiinaha haray. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in lagu rido hawlgalka siddeed cutub oo warshad koronto nuclear Tianwan, laakiin waqtiga mashruuca ayaa weli aan la garanayn. Sidoo kale wadahadalo hadlay suurtogalnimada iskaashiga ee dhismaha warshad kale. Xarunta cusub ee la dhisi doonaa magaalada Harbin, ee waqooyi bari Shiinaha.

Xarumaha Nuclearka ee la dhisay on mashruuca noocan oo kale ah

In design ee Quwadda Nuclearka ammaan ah oo xiiseynaya dalalka badan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dhismaha dabin dhigan karo oo dheeraad ah waa xal cusub, laakiin design mashruuca adag ah iyo dhisidda tas-hiilaadka tamarta.

Sida laga soo xigtay mashruuca NPP-2006 (hormartay NPP-91, kaas oo lagu dhisay Tianwan NPP) waxay bixisaa ammaanka sare iyo isku halaynta, waxaa hadda la dhisayo shan Quwadda Nuclearka. Saddex ka mid ah waxa uu ku yaalaa on dhulka ee Federation Ruushka:

• Baltic NPP ee gobolka Kaliningrad;
• Leningrad NPP-2 ee Sosnovy Bor, 68 km ka St. Petersburg,
• Novovoronezh NPP-2 ee Voronezh.

Labada saldhigyada harsan 2006 heerarka ammaanka nuclear waxaa dhisay Belarus (gobolka Grodono) iyo Hindiya. warshadda nukliyeerka ugu danbeysay ee aan si buuxda u waafaqsan qabyada ah.

In mustaqbalka dhow dhismaha shan Quwadda Nuclearka more:

• Russia - Seversk NPP ee gobolka Tomsk, Kursk NPP-2, Nizhny Novgorod NPP;
• dibadda - warshad nukliyeerka ee Turkey iyo Bangladesh.

jiil cusub oo dhirta nukliyeerka si loo yareeyo cawaaqibka ka iman kara shil. Gaar ahaan ku faraxsan tahay in horumarinta iyo fulinta ee mashruuca sida geedka nukliyeerka ugu nabdoon waa Federation Ruush ahayd tii u doonanayd oo adduunka ah.