Istaarijka Hydrolysis

Budada (S6N10O5) n - polysaccharide oo ka kooban laba jajab: 25% amylose toosan iyo 75% amylopectin jahaysteen. Waxaa la aasaasay by iftiinka ee dhirta lagu jiro photosynthesis.

Qoraalkan waa budo cad taas oo ah beelaya in biyo qabow si ay u sameeyaan slurry ah. Markii ay degtey slurry ka hoose ee taangiga shubo soo dadajin cad, iyo biyaha si fudud ha lagaga miiro karo. Ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo, istaarijka uu ka soo kabsanayo hantida oo dhan.

In biyo kulul u yeela xal Kolloidol oo ah walaxda - waa sida dareere ah, taasoo sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa Jinka noqde iyo waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in guriga sidii koolo. Oo weliba guriga this ku salaysan uu jelly karinta iyo macmacaan qaar ka mid ah.

Budada - walax kiimikaad inert. Si in ay fal, waa in aad ka qayb Xoojiya geedi socodka.

On hantida jidh ahaaneed iyo kiimikada ee codsiga walax saleysan. Sayidka, istaarijka iyo taagayo ay caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo in cuntada, dharka iyo warqada warshadaha. Oo noolaha, waxa uu u ciyaaraa door muhiim ah.

Si aad u isticmaasho arrinta organic ujeedooyin warshadaha waa vozdeystiviyu kiimikaad. Hydrolysis istaarijka - ra'iyi iswaydaarsigu waxa u dhexeeya biyaha iyo maalka, kaas oo noqon kara enzymatic ama acidic.

hydrolysis Chemical istaarijka - cadaanyo horseed, sida kaaga kululaynta in joogitaanka acids imanba. Inta lagu guda jiro this reaction kiimikada isla'egta lagu sheegi karaa in glucose ka sameeyay kaas oo:
(S6N10O5) n + nH2O + (bisad. H2SO4 + t °) = nC6H12O6.

Laakiin dhawaan helo caan hydrolysis enzymatic istaarijka. Isticmaalka technology gaar ah, waxaa laga helay khamriga ethyl, molasses iyo glucose, iyo sidoo kale in hydrolysis kiimikada.

Faa'iidada ee habkan waa in warshad tamarta laga qaaday qalab dihin, waayo, tusaale ahaan, galley, baradho, galley, bariis iyo kuwa kale. Kuwani waxay ilahaasi, weliba, waxa ku jira in ka kooban ensaymes amylolytic ay, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo in habka hydrolysis ah.

Tusaale ahaan, falgalka kale waa isoamylase iyo pullulanase, glyukolinazy. Falgalka - Xoojiya dabiici ah in dardar-falgalka kiimikada. Schematically habka of nabaad-noqde by ensaymes sida soo socota: istaarijka → noqde L (amylose) → oligosaccharides (dextrins) → disaccharide (maltose = malt) → α-glucose. Waxa kale oo lagu sheegi karaa by isla'egta:
(C6H10O5) n + nH2O + (enzyme kat.-) = nC6H12O6

Aragga aad ka arki kartaa in ay jirto hydrolysis kiimikada ah, tijaabo qaadeen. Karkari isku dar ah ee Jinka noqde la sulfuric acid. Waxaan u hubiso si aad u aragto haddii ay jiraan ahaa hydrolysis - faleebo iodine. Haddii falcelinta waa negative, ka dibna ma jiraan wax midab buluug ama buluug, waxaa loola jeedaa in hydrolysis ka dhacay.

Haddaba caddeeyo in wax soo saarka hydrolysis ah - glucose. Ku dar alkali inay keentay xal iyo copper sulfate (II) (CuSO4). The soo dadajin hydroxide copper ma da'a, xalka u soo jeediyey midab dhalaalaya buluug. Kulul oo arag formation of cotta Terra daaalo midabka (leben) - waxaa loola jeedaa in xalka uu leeyahay glucose ah, kaas oo la sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro hydrolysis ah.

jidhka bini'aadamka sidoo kale dhacda hydrolysis enzymatic istaarijka. Tani waxa aad u muhiim ah, tan iyo in ay taasi dhacdo sameeyay carbohydrates, gaar ahaan sonkorta. Waxaa la oxidized unug kasta oo jirka ah, biyaha iyo carbon dioxide la xirrira, sidaas sii daayo tamarta looga baahan yahay hawlaha caadiga ah ee jidhka.

Hydrolysis istaarijka la falgalka bilaabmaa afka marka qaadka. candhuufta Human ku jira enzyme - amylase, taas oo ka yar tallaabada istaarijka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey qaybaha fudud - dextrins. Geedi socodka qofka xataa dareemi kartaa. Ka dib oo dhan, haddii waqti dheer si uu kibista ugu calaliyo, ka dibna afka u muuqataa dhadhanka macaan, taas oo muujinaysa in bilowgii geedi socodka noqde hydrolysis ah. glucose dheeraadka ah, taas oo la aasaasay intii lagu hydrolysis ah, lagu shubo beerka sida nafaqo reserve a - glycogen.