Ma og tahay waxa truffle ah?

Tani likaha cajiib maqlay badan. Waxaan ognahay in fungus this koraa meel hoos dhulka, oo aan gargaar ka mid ah gargaarrada afar-lugood (doofaarka ama eyda) aysan suuragal ahayn in la helo waa. Waxaa laga yaabaa in this aqoonteyda dhamaado. Oo weliba waxa truffle ah? Waa maxay noocyada a? si wanaagsan yahay waxa uu?

qayb ka mid ah macluumaadka ku saabsan truffles

Truffles ka tirsan panulirus ah likaha marsupials, isagoo meydadka fruiting dhulka hoostiisa tuberous. The qaraabada dhow ee truffles waa morels.

Truffles waxaa sida caadiga ah laga helo ee kaymaha kaymo. truffle mycelium (mycelium) foomamka la xididada dhirta, kuwaas oo waxaa la sii kordhaya, ururka deggan wadajir u yeedhay mycorrhizal. Guud ahaan waxaa jira sagaal nooc oo truffles, kaas oo u koraan qaybaha kala duwan ee dunida, noocyada kasta jecel yahay nooc ka mid ah qoryo. Mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan truffles, likaha la meydadka fruiting la mid ah, kaas oo sidoo kale la cuni karin, laakiin ay la qiimeeyo aad uga yar tahay wax dhab ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira inedible aadanaha View truffle - deerada in cuno deerada iyo jiirka qaar ka mid ah.

By habka, qofka waa awoodin inay helaan meel ay jirto truffle ah. Likaha (taas oo kordhinaysa taxadir kaynta, la go'aamin karaa xayawaanka kaliya) uu leeyahay ur gaar ah. Sida caadiga ah, waayo, sababtan aawadeed lug eeyaha gaar ah u tababaran oo doofaarro ah.

At in ekaan dhadhanka truffles? Sidee waa ka duwan likaha caadiga ah? truffle waxa uu leeyahay dhadhan gaar ah u gaar ah iyo dhadhan. Waxay u ekaan labada gabbaldayaha qoto-shiilay, iyo iniinta, berry, ajada, caleemaha dhacday - taasi waxa weeye waxa truffle ah. Biyaha, halkaas oo aad rabto in aad saaray halka truffle uu noqdo mid la mid ah maraqa soy.

Sida taariikhyahanadu odhan, waa truffle sida Cunnadeedii iyo inuu wax cuno, waxaa lagu yaqaan in ay Sumerians qadiimiga. In qadiimiga ah Greece iyo qadiimiga Rome, fungus this yeeleen guryaha, daawooyinka, iyo alchemists Dr Makumbe iyo saaxiriintii, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ujeedooyin sixirka. Laakiin dadka ugu weyn ay heleen inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Louis XIV. Waxaan sidoo kale in truffles Russia ahaayeen yimid ka dib markii 1812 dagaalkii Patriotic ka mid ah

Noocyada truffles sii kordhaya ee Europe

In Europe, waxaa jira noocyada soo socda ee truffles:

• Summer (sidoo kale loo yaqaan madow Ruush) truffle. Waxay leedahay midab tuberous ama fekrado jirka miro brown-madow ama buluug-madow. Sida caadiga ah ku koraa hoos xididdada bjørk, geedkii, hornbeam, Beech. Qaybiyey ku dhowaad Europe oo dhan ilaa Scandinavia (oo ay ku jiraan in Ruush). Ma aha sida qiimaha leh sida noocyada kale ee truffles, laakiin sidoo kale loo arkaa taxadir ah.
• truffle Winter. Its qolof (peridium) daboolay by qaababka polygonal ama thyroid. fungus waxay leedahay guduudan guduud ama madow. Waxay badanaa ku dhacda Italy, France iyo Switzerland. Urka garabaka Miski.
• truffle Talyaani. In kasta oo ay magaceeda, waxaa kale oo laga helaa France iyo dalalka kale ee Yurub. Miraha waxaa la rinjiyeeyay ocher iftiinka ama midab bunni. Waxay leedahay ur wacan basbaas, iyo dhadhamin sida cheese toon. Waxaa guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qaabka ceeriin.
• Black (sidoo kale loo yaqaano aagga Perigord ee taariikhiga Faransiis) truffle. Likaha, qiimaha kaas oo 1000 € halkii kiilo, uu leeyahay midab ka mid guduudan oo brown madow iyo guduud. Isticmaali karo sida la kariyey iyo ceedhin sidii xawaash ah.

Waana mid ka, truffles in la abuuri karaa, in kasta oo aan sida ugu badan, tusaale ahaan, likaha. Xitaa qarnigii XIX ah waxaa la ogaaday in haddii dhulka ay u aasaan degayo la geedkii hoostiisa truffles koraan, sidoo kale waa macaan likaha kori doono hoos xididdada geedka cusub. In France, halkaasoo ay u ogaadaan si aad u wanaagsan waxa truffle ah, mar dhirta ka mid ah ayaa dhex beeray 750 km ^2, kaas oo ay suurto gal ahayd in ay goosato 1,000 tan oo macaan kuwan. Nasiib darro, habkan waa mid aad u dheer. Waxay u baahan tahay oo ku saabsan 30 sano si aad u hesho dalagga a full, iyo lacagta la soo ururiyay truffles maratay dhaco.