Madax Pereyaslavl: meesha juquraafi, dhaqanka, amiirradii Pereyaslavl, taariikhda

Old kibir Ruush Pereyaslavl waxaa la sameeyay magaalada Pereyaslavl, marka ugu horraysa ee la taaban karo, taas oo la xidhiidha in sanadka 992, markii Prince Vladimir Great ku aasaasay wareegsan. qalcaddii la dhisay oo qayb ka ah line difaaca, si ay dalka uga guuraa steppe, marka hore Pechenegs, ka dibna Polovtsy ilaaliyo. madax Baahnayn soo baxay 1054, dhimashada Yaroslava Mudrogo, kaas oo uu ku xiga muddo ka dib of burbur siyaasadeed ee Russia.

meel juquraafi

dalka Pereyaslavskaya ahaa ku jira xeedhada Trubezh, Sula iyo maraqa. In ka-galbeed woqooyi waxay ahayd kibir Kiev. Laga soo bilaabo koonfurta iyo bariga hanti Pereyaslavl ayaa ku hareereysan steppe duurjoogta ah, halkaas oo ay ku soo orday faraha burcad hubeysan ah. Intii ay taariikhda Pereyaslavl kibir ka soo horjeeda reer guuraa oo marar badan ay Khasaarteen.

bixitaanka

Gaar ah Pereyaslavl madax kala ka Kiev mid ka mid ah kuwii hore ka. In 1054 waxay u tageen inay wiilkii yaraa Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Markaas Pereyaslavl waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay magaalada saddexaad ee ugu muhiimsan ka dib markii rus of Kiev iyo Chernigov. Sababo la isku dhawaanshaha ka steppe ee Polovtsian waxaa ay ahaayeen koox xoog badan. oo soohdintu waxay koonfureed ee kibir la mamnuuceen-kontorool. Natiijooyinka qaddiimiga ah ee arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee oo ka mid ah show in Guryahoodu wax ka mid ah ayaa la qabtay, lagu gubay, Halaagnay oo dhisay.

First olole ba'an ee kibir Pereyaslavl Cumans qaaday 1061. Ilaa waqtigan in iyaga oo kaliya warar xan ah, iyo Rurik waxaa iska lahaa reer guuraa dhab ah oo ku filan. In 1068 Ciidamada Polovtsian la kulmay la xoojiyey saddex wefdigii of Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav iyo Vsevolod. dagaalka ayaa ka dhacay on webiga Alta ee aan ka fogayn Pereyaslavl ah. Polovtsi guuleystay. Princes u cararay Kiev, halkaas oo dadka ku qanacsanayn caajisnimo ee maamulka caasiyoobeen.

isqabqabsi

In 1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod ka walaalkiis ka weyn Svyatoslav Chernigov helay. Waxaan isku mid ma ahayn oo uu adeer u Oleg Iyada oo xal this. Colaadda keentay in dagaalka. Inkasta oo amiirradii Pereyaslavl sida mid ka mid ah, dad badan oo la Polovtsy diriray oo lamadegaanka ku yaal, waxay lahaayeen si ay ula reer guuraa ah oo inta lagu guda jiro dirir gudaha ee Russia ay ula dagaalamaan. Qaar ka mid ah Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) oo aan ka waaban in ay gargaar ka faraha la doondoona.

In 1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich adkaaday adeer. Ka dib guushii in, wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa taliyihii Kiev, dhiibteen ka qaaday inuu wiilkiisii Rostislav Pereyaslavl iyo Chernigov siiyey wiilkii kale - Vladimir Monomakh. Kii dhaxalka lahaa in si habboon loo dhaxal aabbihiis ilaaliyo. In 1080 wuxuu aaday inuu Pereyaslavschiny si loo xakameeyo caasinimo ee Torquay.

Boqortooyada Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov waxaa naxdin ku dhintay 1093 oo dagaalka ka dhanka ah Polovtsy galay webiga Stugna. Walaalkiis ku guulaysteen kibir Vladimir Pereyaslavl. booska juquraafi dhaxalka loo baahan yahay awood DC. Monomakh siiyey Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, oo wuxuu xoogga saaray ka soo sawirtay steppe ee ilaalinta Pereyaslavl.

Vladimir Gromov noqday geesiga uu waqti. Waxa uu ahaa ugu horeeyay ee ka mid ah amiirradii Ruush ma aha oo kaliya ayaa difaacay ka guuraa ah, laakiin waxa uu Safaro uu dalkooda. gobolka Ruush Old ayaa muddo dheer loo baahan yahay hogaamiyaha noocan oo kale ah. Taasi waa marka Monomakh gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee ay muhiimadda siyaasadeed Pereyaslavl kibir. Taariikhda sano kuwa ka kooban yahay guulo badan oo dhalaalaya ka badan Polovtsy ah. In 1103 Monomakh aaminsiiyey kale Rurik biiraan ciidamada oo aad u tagtaan wefdigii fog galay steppe ah. ciidanka tegey on the Rapids Dnieper iyo adkaaday ma ay sugin reer guuraa vezhi joojinta.

Jaropolk V.

Sida Prince ugu awooda badan ee Russia, in 1113, Vladimir Monomakh qaaday carshiga Kiev. Waxay ahayd muddo la soo dhaafay markii gobolka jir Ruush weli lahaa calaamadaha qaylo dhaan. Vladimir siiyey Pereyaslavl wiilkiisa Yaropolk. In 1116 isaga iyo aabbihiis ka qeyb galay ololaha ka dhanka ah Gleb Ming Prince ka Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk qabtay iyo saaray qayb ka mid ah dadka deggan magaalada hoose gaaro Zheldi Sula.

In isla sanadkaas oo ahaa ina Monomakh tegey gobolka Polovtsy Don, halkaas oo weerar ku qaaday saddex magaalo, Balin, Sharukan iyo NPGs. In isbahaysi la ah Pereyaslavl amiirka de markaas waa inuu u dhaqmeen ina taliyihii Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Victory hubka Ruushka ayaa shaqada ka samaysay. Polovtsi on la tagay madaxda keli East Slavic. World socday ilaa 1125, markii Vladimir Monomakh ku dhintay Kiev.

Halganka loogu jiro Pereyaslavl

Dhaxla Vladimir ee Kiev ahaa wiilkiisii curadka ahaa Mstislav Veliky. Waxa uu ku dhintay 1132. Jaropolk dhacay walaalkiis ka weyn. Ka dib markii wareeg this ee Pereyaslavl bilaabay mudo ah isbeddel joogto ah oo ah taliyayaal. magaaladu noqotay sheegashada ah Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka sokeeye uu fogeeyey Pereyaslavl laba wiil Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod iyo Izyaslav) ka.

In 1134. Yaropolk Kievsky aqoonsan yahay xuquuqda walaalkiis oo jooga kibir koonfurta Dolgoruky. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xal this ahaayeen wakiillo ku qanacsanayn laanta Chernigov ee Rurik ah. In isbahaysi la Polovtsy ah, kuwaas oo amiirradii Pereyaslavskaya halakeeyey dalka. xataa waxay soo yaaceen si ay Kiev, ka dibna Jaropolk tageen in ay ka doodaan. Pereyaslavl lagu wareejiyay kale oo walaalkiisa ka yar Andrei Vladimirovich nooc, midig waxaa ku 1135-1141 sannad xisaabeedka.

Masiirka dheeraad ah oo kibir ah

In bartamihii qarnigii XII ah, ka hor inta uusan ugu danbeyn ku midoobeen rus kala madaxda badan. Qaar ka mid ah dhaxal noqday si buuxda u madax banaan ka Kiev. Pereyaslavl iska nooca madaxda yar, halkaas oo aan la aasaasay oo uu guri ammaan gaar ah, oo magaaladii ku wareegsan dalalka kala sooc lahayn bedelay taliyayaashii oo sabab u ah dagaalo sokeeye iyo isku diblomaasiyadeed.

Halganka ugu weyn ee dalkan waxaa la sameeyey inta u dhaxaysa Kiev, Rostov iyo taliyayaal Chernigov. In 1141-1149 GG. Pereyaslavl garoomada by ina iyo awow Mstislava Velikogo. Markaas kibir in Faracii Yuriya Dolgorukogo, kuwaas oo qaraabada ka mid ah ka tirsan ay gacanta ku Suzdal North-Eastern Russia dhow maray.

In 1239 Pereyaslavl ahaa on habka ay u Russia duuleen Mongols. City (iyo qaar kale oo badan) ayaa lagu qabtay oo ku baabbi'iyeen. Ka dib markii in, isagu marnaba aysan awoodin in ay si buuxda u soo kabsado oo ay noqoto xarunta siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah. Pereyaslavl waxaa ka mid ahaa in hantida of Kiev amiirka iyo dayn inay ka ciyaaraan door ah oo madaxbannaan. Bilowga ee qarnigii XIV ah, South Russia ayaa waxaa ku xiran Lithuania. Ugu dambeyntii kibir Pereyaslavl waxaa LABAGEEDI OO in ay in 1363.

Dhaqanka iyo diinta

madax Old Ruush Pereyaslavl, dhaqanka kaas oo la kulmay ay ka talinaysay in qarniyo XI-XII ah., ku yaal soohdinta reer East Slavic xulafaysi qabiil glades, Waqooyiga iyo Ulichi. goobaha qaddiimiga ah ee la xiriira iyaga waxaa la helay in ka maddiibadood oo ah Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel iyo Donets Seversky ah. Asal ahaan waxay yihiin funerary qof jaahilka (gaari-, Qubuuraha iyo D. t.).

Masiixiyada si Pereyaslavl yimid, iyo sidoo kale magaalooyinka kale Ruush dhamaadka qarnigii X baabtiiskii Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha ka dib. Waxaa jira aragti la xaqiijin waa in magaaladan ahaa joogitaanka koowaad ee metropolitans inta Kiev ayaa helay Hagia Sophia.

ganacsiga

horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka of kibir Pereyaslavl waxaa ay dhiiri-dhawaanshaha in ay dariiqyada ganacsi, on taas oo ku baayacmushtaray Russia la leedahay dalalka bariga iyo koonfurta. iyaga ka mid ah Chief ahaa webiga Dnieper halbowlaha isku xira Slavs bari la Byzantium. Waxa intaa dheer in wadada "ka Vikings si Gariigta ah" Salt ayaa sidoo kale sida ay ku ganacsan la xeebta ah Azov iyo Badda Madow. Ka dib markii baayacmushtariyaasha Pereyaslavschiny gaaray gobolka fog ee bariga Tmutarakani iyo qayb ahaan Volga.

Waa ilaalinta ganacsi faa'iido badan ayaa ka mid ah arrimaha ugu waaweyn ee fiiro gaar ah si ay difaaca oo ah amiirradii dadka dalka steppe ah. Jiido iyo raxan (oo ay ku jiraan Rapids Dnieper) waxaa inta badan u sakhiray in ay weeraro ka mid ah reer guuraa oo kaliya burcadda. Sidaas awgeed, ku qalcado deyr leh iyo magaalooyinka la dhisay oo kaliya on dariiqyada ganacsi ee. Maraakiibta baayacmushtariyaasha Pereyaslavl ka mid ahaayeen caadiga ah ee Dnieper ah iyada oo loo marayo Trubezh. At afka webiga waxaa jiray park ganacsi. In meesheedii, qadiimiga ah ayaa laga helay jajabkii ka amphoras Greek.

magaalooyinka

The magaalo ee ugu waaweyn ee madax ah, marka lagu daro Pereyaslavl ah, waxaa la dhisay Vladimirom Monomahom Oster dagaalyahan ganacsiga gaadiidka magaalada dhibic, Baaruug, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, iyo sidoo kale qalcaddayda a on goobta of dejinta maanta Miklashevsky. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid iska Posulskoy line daafaca qulqulaya baqshadda ee Sulu Dnieper. Ay hoos u dhacday ka dib duulaankii ee Batu.

soo jiidashada ugu weyn ee Pereyaslavl ahaa Michael ee Cathedral. Joogitaanka Prince ahaa on Detinets. Waxaa sidoo kale ku noolaa ee wadaadada sare ee magaalada. barxadda Bishop ayaa lagu ilaaliyo by derbigooda dhagaxa ah, arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee oo ka badbaaday in aannu mar. Sida magaalooyinka kale ee Dr Makumbe, dadka intooda badan ku noolaa keedana ah. Qadiimiga ah ayaa laga helay waxaa jira articles badan oo ganacsi iyo farsamada. Magaalada ayaa ku jirtay dhif ah in ay waqti, aqoon iswaydaarsi ah soo saaridda ee dhalooyinka.