Midowga Afrika (AU) - urur goboleedka caalamiga ah. Ujeeddo, Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah

dunida casriga ah waa bulshada multipolar. Si weyn loo yaqaan waa urur goboleedyada dalalka Yurub, sida Midowga Yurub. By eegtahay bulshada this ee wadamada Afrika ay ku leeyihin formation dhul - Ururka Midowga Afrika.

Taariikhda aasaaska ururka

Taariikhda ururka ayaa weli aan si cad aasaasay. Beesha Caalamku way aqoonsan Midowga dhalashadiisa 9 July 2002. Ka qaybgalayaasha ka mid ah ururka tixgeliyo taariikhda aasaasay of May 26, 2001. Waa maxay sababta ay jirto farqi noocan oo kale ah?

Qadarka on formation of Midowga Afrika ayaa la ansixiyay bishii September 1999 at shir aan caadi ahayn oo ah madax african ah ee Liibiya (ee Sirte). sanadka soo socda, waxay ansixiyey xeerka on abuuritaanka shir madaxeedka Midowga Afrika ee Lome (Togo) oo ku dhawaaqay dhismaha ururka. In May 2001, kow iyo konton dalka Afrika ayaa ansixiyay xeerka on hadla waxbarashada. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa taariikh ugu horeysay.

37aad OAU Assembly ee July ee sanadkan in Lusaka (caasimada ee Zambia) ayaa ansixiyay dukumentiyada aasaasiga ah ku tilmaamay salaysan sharci iyo qalabka ururka cusub. Samaynta Charter ayaa bedelay Xeerka OAU ah, kaas oo ahaa salaysan sharciga muddo dhan guurka ka AU in ay AOE (kaasoo socday muddo sanad a). July 9, 2002 ayaa markii ugu horeysay shir madaxeedka Midowga Afrika oo la furay, taas oo lagu qabtay magaalada Durban (South Africa). On u doortay Thabo Mbeki, Madaxweynaha Koonfur Afrika, madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee Midowga Afrika. Yurub tixgelin this bilowga ah ee taariikhda Midowga Afrika.

Sababaha Midowga

Midowga Afrika waa ururka ugu weyn ee wadamada qaarada Afrika. sababaha ay ku kordheen tan iyo isbedelada dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee adduunka ka dib markii formation of ururka gobolada ugu horeysay ee dal African.

Ka dib markii xornimada, toddoba iyo toban dal oo Afrika ah ee 1960, loo yaqaan "sanadka ee Africa", madaxyadana waxay ku go'aansadeen in ay wada shaqeeyaan si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka soo baxaya. Back ee 1963 dalka biiray dadaalka ay qaabka guud ee ururka Midowga Afrika. Ujeedooyinka aasaasiga ah oo ka mid ah ururada inter-state siyaasadeed waa: ilaalinta madaxbanaanida qaranka iyo wadajirka dhulka Maraykanka, horumarinta iskaashiga ka dhexeeya dalalka Midowga, xalka khilaafaadka dhuleed, iskaashiga dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, diiradda on iskaashiga caalamiga ah.

By horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, inta badan ujeedooyinka la dhammeeyo. Sababo la xiriira isbeddel asaasi ah ee qaabka guud ee iskaashiga caalamiga ah caqabadaha cusub soo food saaray dal oo Afrikaan ah. On ku salaysan OAU ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la abuuro bedeli gool cusub. Xaaladda hadda jirta dhaqaalaha ee Afrika u baahan yahay raadinta ah oo ka mid ah hababka ugu dambeeyay wax ku ool ah oo lagu xalinayo dhibaatooyinka.

Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee

Aasaaseen ururka dalalka Afrika ayaa soo saartay oo bilaabay fulinta barnaamijka dhaqaale ee NEPAD (xarfaha ugu horeeya ee Partnership New magaca English for Africa s Development) - «Iskaashiga Cusub ee Horumarinta Afrika". Barnaamijku wuxuu ku lug leedahay dalalka dalnesrochnoe horumarinta ku salaysan is-dhexgalka iyadoo la kaashanayo kale oo loo siman yahay kasta oo bulshada caalamka.

Midowga Transition on ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed mudnaanta on asaaska dhaqaalaha, sida ay muujinayso taariikhda, waxay leeyihiin saamayn faa'iido on xalka of the dhibaatooyinka jira ee dalalka Afrika. Tani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa in farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya OAU iyo Midowga Afrika. iskaashiga dhaqaale ee dalalka la qorsheeyey oo aan isku dayaya in ay bedesho horyaalka heerka siyaasadeed iyo hab maamul ee jira.

Ujeedada ururka

Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee is-dhexgalka dhaqaale xulay of Africa. iskaashi dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed, oo ay weheliso sidii loo xoojin lahaa midnimada heer caalami ah loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro ujeeddada of ilaalinta gobannimada iyo abuurista xaaladaha aan fiicnayn nolosha dadyowga Afrika.

hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee

Si loo gaaro gool, kuwaas oo ah jiho aasaasiga ah ee waxqabadka, cabireen sida dhibaato Midowga Afrika. In kaalinta koowaad waa horumarinta iyo xoojinta isdhexgalka Afrika ee dhexgalaan dhaqan-dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. Waayo, hirgelintiisana ay u baahan tahay hirgelinta Ujeedada labaad: in la ilaaliyo danaha dadweynaha ee qaaradda iyagoo kor u qaadida heerka caalamiga ah. From ugu horeysay ee laba hawlahan soo socda, iyada oo aan taas oo ma suurtowdo in la gaaro fulinta oo ka mid ah kuwa hore, dayactirka nabadda ee dalalka oo dhan oo ka mid ah qaaradda iyo ammaankooda. Iyo tartan ugu dambeeya: kobcinta hay'adaha dimoqoraaddiga ah iyo ilaalinta xuquuqda aadanaha.

Mareykanka - xubno ka mid ah Ururka

Si aad u taariikhda, Midowga Afrika waxaa ka mid ah afar iyo konton dalalka. Haddii mid ka mid ah u aragto in qaaradda Afrika waxa uu ku yaalaa shan iyo konton dal iyo shan dalalka aqoonsi iyo is-naadiyey, waa ku dhowaad dhammaan wadamada Afrika. In mabda'a, ururka dalalka African ha galina Boqortooyada Morocco, sharraxaad ka diidmada go'aamo sharci darrada ah ee Midowga in ay qaataan in Sahara Galbeed. Morocco tixgelinaysaa ay dhulka.

Wadamada Midowga Afrika, ma ay waqti isku mid ah. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaasha Ururka Midnimadda Afrika ee 1963. Ka dib markii Isbadal ee OAU ah, oo dhan waxay galeen Midowga Afrika. In 1963, maalin shan iyo labaatanaad ee ururka May ka mid ahaa: Algeria, Benin (ilaa 1975 Dahomey), Burkina Faso (ilaa 1984 Upper kooxda Fluminense bisha), Burundi, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Dimuqraadiga Republic of the Congo, Masar, Cameroon, Congo, Côte Ivoire (ilaa 1986 loo yaqaan Ivory Coast), Madagascar, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Liibiya, Marooko (go'day ka Union ee 1984), Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, Soomaaliya, Sierra Leone, Togo, Nigeria, Tunisia, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika, Chad, Sudan, Itoobiya. Bishii December, saddex iyo tobnaad ee isla sannaddaas OAU in ay Kenya u yimaadeen.

Kordhinta size ee qaaradda Ururka

In 1964, OAU noqday Tansaaniya - January 16, Malawi - 13 July, Zambia - 16 December. Gambia soo biiray bishii October 1965, Botswana - October 31, 1966. 1968 ku biiray madaxda sare ee ururka saddex dal oo kale, Mauritius, Swaziland - 24 September 1968, Equatorial Guinea - 12 October. Botswana, Lesotho, Guinea-Bissau ayaa ku biiray ururka 19 October 1973. Iyo sanadkii 1975 uu ku biiray Angola - February 11, Mozambique, Sao Tome iyo Principe, Cape Verde, Comoros on 18 July. June 29, 1976 Midowga kaabaya Seychelles. Jabuuti biiray States kale June 27, 1977, Zimbabwe (dalka milyaneerka saboolka ah sida waxa loo yaqaan) - 1980, Western Sahara - February 22, 1982. Sagaashameeyadii ayaa mar kale keentay in la kordhiyo tirada xubnaha ururka Midowga Afrika: - Koonfur Afrika Namibia soo biiray sanadkii 1990, May 24, 1993 xubin ka mid ah Eritrea, June 6, 1994 noqday. Dawladdu waxay soo dhaafay ayaa heshay xubin ka ah Midowga Afrika July 28, 2011, waxa uu noqday South Sudan.

kala duwanaanta dalalka ka qayb

ku hadla ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa dalka in ay caqabado horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee marxaladaha kala duwan ee horumarka. Waxaan sifaha qaar iyaga ka mid ah.

Country Nigeria waa ineysan si inta kale ee Africa in meesha ugu horeysa marka la eego tirada dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa kaliya meel afar iyo tobnaad on degaanka ee dhulkeeda. Tan iyo 2014 gobolka waxa uu noqday soo saare keentay oo saliid ah ee Africa.

Guinea-Bissau - mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu saboolsan dunida, ka mid ah shan top jabshay. The kayd shidaal qani ku ah bauxite iyo phosphates aan la horumariyo. shaqo ugu weyn ee dadweynaha - beerashada kalluumaysiga iyo bariiska.

dalka ugu liitay saabsan Senegal. Horumarinta ee kayd dahab ah, saliid, iron ore iyo copper waxaa lagu fuliyaa si liidata. State badbaadaan on lacagaha gargaarka bani'aadamnimada ka dibadda.

Cameroon - dal ah farqiga. Dhinaca mid, taasi waa xaalad la kaydka weyn saliidda, dhigeysa dalalka saliidda soo saara ee Africa kow iyo tobnaad. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad u wacdo gobolka dalka isku filan ka. Dhinaca kale, nus ka mid ah dadka waa ka hoosaysa qadka saboolnimada.

mabaadi'da asaasiga ah

tacaluqa ee dagaalka hubaysan ee u dhexeeya labada dal ayaa keentay in formation of mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee Midowga Afrika. shirkadaha dibadiisa iyo indheer-maxaliga ah ayaa xiiso u helaan xuquuqda lahaanshaha iyo sida lagu eryeey kayd ah macdanaha kala duwan oo dalka ka mid ah qaaradda. Si looga hortago colaadaha hubaysan ay suurtagal tahay guud ahaan aqoonsiga xuduudaha gobolka ee xubnaha ururka in ay qarka u saaran inta ay guusha ka mid ah madax-bannaanida aqbalay.

Midowga qaaday xaq u leedahay inaad si toos ah faragelin ugu hayso arrimaha xubnaha Maraykanka ee ururka, haddii go'aan la sameeyo by saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah xubnaha oo dhan ee Golaha madaxda State iyo Dowladda. Go'aankan iyo imaatinkii ciidamada Midowga Afrika ay suuragal tahay in ay dhacdo xasuuq ka dhanka ah quruumaha gaar ah, dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanenimada iyo dembiyada dagaalka.

Dhaqankii iyo hal-abuurka

Mabda'a cusub waa in madaxda dowladda, kuwaas oo si xoog yimid iyada oo sharci-darro ah, in loo isticmaalo in afhayeenka lama oggola. Waayo, ku xad-gudbay dalalka bixiyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah cunaqabataynta laga bilaabo ganaax of codbixinta ee Golaha iyo dhamaanayey joojinta ee iskaashiga dhaqaalaha. Tallaabooyinka loogu talagalay kordhaya mas'uul ka ah madaxdii gobolka.

In saaxadda caalamka AU dhaqmayso mabda'a iskaashiga iyo-Non waafaqsan lagaga dhawaaqi in Axdiga Qaramada Midoobay.

maamulka Qaabdhismeedka

The Golaha madaxda State iyo Dowladda ee madaxa maamulka sare ee Midowga Afrika oo isugu sanadkiiba hal mar. laanta fulinta ka taliso Guddiga Midowga Afrika. Waayo, doorashada Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Midowga Afrika oo doorashada guddoomiyaha AU waxaa la qabtaa sanadkiiba hal mar. OAU wuxuu hormariyey nooc ka mid ah dhaqan: Guddoomiyaha Midowga Afrika qaadataa madaxa State meesha shirkii lagu qabtay. Qaab-dhismeedka dawladda ku lug doorashada Pan African Parliament (VAP).

Garsoorka ayaa waxaa hoggaaminaya Midowga Maxkamadda, kaas oo meelaynta ahaa dalka Nigeria. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatada dhan-Midowga abuuray Bank ee Bartamaha Afrika, Monetary Fund Afrika, African Investment Bank ah. Sida looga baahan yahay, Golaha wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in uu abaabulo guddiyo farsamo oo gaar u ah arrimaha deg-deg ah ka qabtaan. Sayidka kacay Midowga dhaqaalaha, siyaasadda arrimaha bulshada iyo dhaqanka. Sannadkii 2010, ciidamada ayaa la sameeyay, markii hore bedelay ciidamada caalamiga ah ee gobolka.

Guddiga Midowga Afrika ayaa sideed xubnood. Haweenka xisaabiyo tirada ugu badan oo iyaga ka mid (shan ka mid ah siddeed). Xeerarka ku saabsan GSA waxay ku talineysaa in aad ka mid ah shan-xigeen khasab midba ururka xubin gobolka galaan laba haween ah.

Gudoomineysa Center iyo Maamulka Midowga Afrika ee ku jira Itoobiya ee magaalada Addis Ababa.

Rajada laga qabo horumarinta Midowga Afrika

qarnigii labaatanaad ayaa marka hore u egtahay in ay ka fogaadaan xaaladaha lama filaan ah, bixinta si ay formation iyo horumarinta qaab-dhismeedka supranational fiiro gaar ah iyo in ka badan. Maanta, ururrada aan dowliga ahayn ee caalamiga ah leexdo dhinaca xarunta ka ah dadaallada wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka caalamiga ah ee maanta. Midaynta dalalka Afrika, kaas oo inta badan iska leh category ee saboolka ah, waxaa loogu tala galay in ay midoobaan dadaalka si loo baabi'iyo sababaha qarniga gobolka mendicant.

AS badalay laba isaga hor jira ururrada dawladaha caalamiga ah, OAU iyo NPP (Community Dhaqaalaha Afrika). The hawlaha Quwadda Nuclearka, loogu talagalay afar iyo soddon sannadood (tan iyo 1976-kii) ma uu karin si ay ula qabsadaan saamaynta xun ee adduunka. booska saxda ah waa ku hadla loogu talagalay.