"Paks" - warshad nukliyeerka ee Hungary (Photo)

ammaanka Energy awoodda wax si ay u siiyaan hawlgalka kala go 'oo lagu kalsoonaan karo ee Quwadda kala duwan. walxaha Data soo jiidatay dadkii ugu kaliya shaqaalaha farsamo aan gaar ah, laakiin sidoo kale madaxda sare ee dalka, sababta oo ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee tamarta korontada ku xiran tahay heerka labada dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee horumarka gobolka, iyo sidoo kale jiritaankeeda ammaan ah. In this article, waxaan raadin doonaa "Paks" - Quwadda Nuclearka oo ku yaalla Hungary.

warbixin guud

First of dhan hubi in la ogaado in rugtan waa mid ka kaliya ee weli ka shaqeeya dalka Magyar ah. "Paks" (NPP) laga saaray magaalada, oo 100 kiiloomitir, iyo kaliya 5 km magaalada eponymous, iyadoo dadka ka mid ah oo ku saabsan labaatan kun oo qof. Rafaa warshadaha waxaa loogu talagalay by injineerada Soviet oo dhan tigoodu hawlgalka ay hadda si buuxda u yihiin nooca la mid ah - VVER-440.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

"Paks" (NPP) Waxay bilaabeen in ay "nolosha" ee ay horey arrin fog naga August 1974. Taasi waa marka dhisaa bilaabay dhismaha wajiga koowaad, kuwaas oo ka mid ahaa laba cutub xoogga. Sagaal sano ka dib - bishii October 1983 - unit ugu horeysay la bilaabay, oo sannad ka dib ilaa ahayd iyo block labaad.

Dhismaha marxaladda labaad bilaabay in 1979, iyo 1986 waxaa lagu rido hawlgalka tiro unit saddex. November 1987 arkay xiriir si aad u tiro unit 4.

Guud ahaan, sax ah si ay sheegayaan in "Paks" (NPP) Waxa ay ahayd goobta dhismaha, kaas oo uu ka qeyb galay in ka badan 110 kala duwan ballaaran oo ururada iyo ganacsatada. Kuwaas oo dhammaantood ahaayeen caalamiga ah. Waayo, sahayda qalabka, dhismaha si toos ah, siday tiro aad u badan oo ah pre-komishanka iyo kormeerka rakibidda keentay khubaro ka yimi dalalka ka mid ah ayaa ku lug leh sida Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary. Thanks to dadaalka oo dhan xirfadlayaasha lug, "Paks» qiyaasaha NPP IAEA la aqoonsan yahay mid ka mid ah dhirta ugu wanaagsan ee noocan ah ee qaaradda oo dhan Yurub.

tilmaamayaasha Technical

NPP "Paksi" (Hungary) weli afar xoog, xoogga kuwaasoo mid walba uu yahay in kala duwan ee 500 MW. Caddadka tamarta korontada soo saaray rugtan, wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 40% ka mid ah mugga guud ee la heli karo ee dalka.

block kasta oo uu ka kooban yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:

• nuclear-biyo-biyo ah, oo ka shaqeeya by neutrons kaamerada.
• Lix matoorrada uumi, kor u soo saara si ay 450 metrik saacadiiba ah cokan, uumi qalalan at cadaadis ah 4.7 MPA.
• Lix bamka wareegga, kuwaas oo ugu weyn ee hortaal waa inuu hubiyo habsami u socodka coolant joogto ah.
• Laba iyo toban filtarka xidhan-off wadaniga ah naafada ah marka loop lagama maarmaanka ah.
• Laba cutub marawaxadaha si toos ah bedel tamarta kulaylka koronto.

Dib u dhiska iyo casriyeynta

Dhamaadkii 2014, inta u dhaxaysa Corporation State "Rosatom" iyo "Paks» NPP ee Hungary Heshiis la saxiixay dhismaha iyo ridaya hawlgalka cutubyo cusub. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin ku dhawaaqay by wadarta guud ee maalgashiga loo qorsheeyay in ay dhacdo ma noqon doonto in ka badan 12.5 bilyan euros. In kaliya dhowr bilood ka hor diiwaan gelinta oo ah dukumenti u dhexeeya Russia iyo Hungary, heshiis la qisaasay ku salaysan kuwaas oo Ruushka ballan qaaday in ay bixiyaan 10 billion euros si uu u dhameystiro dhismaha saldhigga sida amaah ah. unugyada dhismaha si toos ah tirada 5 iyo lambarka 6 bilaabi doonaan sanadka 2018. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha hadda jira, block shanaad yeelan doonaan in ay on line taagan ee 2023, iyo lixaad - labo sano ka dib. Awooda kasta oo ka mid ah ilaha tamarta cusub uu noqon doono 1200 megawatts.

Faahfaahinta macaamil

Sayidka, Hungary ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo helo amaah ah inuu ku soo bilowdo in ay ku noqdaan lix bilood gudahood ka dib hordhaca ah ee unugyada galay hawlgalka. Waa in aad deynta muddo 21 sanno ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo kow iyo tobanka sano ee hore ee xiisaha lacag amaah ah aan ka badnayn 4%. Ka dib markii laba wuxuu kordhin doonaa: marka hore, ilaa 4.5%, iyo mar dambe - 4.9%.

Badallo wareegga waajib 15 bilood

Dhamaadkii 2015 kormeer qaaradda Hungary ayaa siiyay oggalaansho saldhigga ku tilmaamay isticmaalka shidaalka, taas oo ka dhigi doonaa heerka kobcinta horeba waa 4.7%, ma 4.2%, sida ay hore ahaa. Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa in afarta qaybood ee shirkadda tamarta shaqayn doonaa in wareegga cusub ee 15 bilood.

dhacdooyinka

Sida iska cad, muhiim ma aha in ay u sii sharaxdo, "Paks» NPP sida ay khatarta. Accident it on, nasiib darro, weli u muuqday mid dhow. April 10, 2003, waqtiga fulinta shaqada dayactirka la qorsheeyey on block labaad ee qaybtii ugu dhacay, kaas oo ugu danbeyn ka qaaday in ka badan saddex sano tirtiridda cawaaqib. Nuxurka ee dhacdada waxaa la dhimay xaqiiqada ah in galkeeda ayaa burburay kiniisadaha oo shidaal inta lagu jiro nadiifiskeeda u kiimikada ee si gaar ah dhajinta in taangiga this. Shaqada ayaa la fuliyay in view of technology shirkadaha Areva horumariyo. Nasiib wanaag, aad iyo aad u faddarayn oggol yahay la qiimeeyo waxa la duubay ka baxsan aagga warshadaha ee saldhigga. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka nuclear caalami ah u qaaddo heerka saddexaad shil la siiyey.

Muran iyo dood

Mashruuca "Paks NPP-2" Waxa uu noqday turunturoodo filan halis ah oo u dhexeeya Midowga Yurub iyo Dowladda ee Hungary. Sidii hore loo sheegay in saxaafadda, Guddiga Yurub qaadeen baaritaan lagu taageero dawlad qoto-dheer loogu talagalay mashruuca si loo hubiyo in dhismaha lagu kalsoonaan karo laba blocks casriga ah saldhiga. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah wasiirka dawladda Hungarian Yanosh Lazar, dhamaan su'aalaha iyo faahfaahin ku saabsan arrinta la degay, iyo caqabadaha ka gudbaan. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Hungary ayaa xisaabta lagu darsadaa aragtida hawlgalayaasheeda Yurub iyo wax kasta samaynaya si danaha dhammaan dhinacyada ku lugta leh mashruucan ayaa la tixgeliyo sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah galay.

By habka, shaqaalaha deegaanka Hungarian sidoo kale isku dayey si kasta oo macquul ah si looga hortago hirgelinta heshiiska on dhismaha blocks casriga ah. In ay view, hordhaca ah ee la qorsheeyay ee awoodda sare saamayn aad u xun ku dhaqaalaha, tan iyo tamarta bixiyay in sidan yahay mid qaali ah oo si weyn buu kor u qaadi doontaa heerka uu ku tiirsanaanta ee Hungary ka Federation Ruush ah, oon ku wiiqayso Xukunka.

fadeexad

Xoghayaha State of Hungary Zoltán Kovács sheegay in macluumaadka la daabacay wargayska British Financial Times oo ku saabsan ku furid lagu soo eedeeyey ee heshiiska EU u dhexeeya Russia iyo Hungary on dhismaha blocks cusub ee "Paks" NPP Waa sax ahayn oo ma u dhigma xaaladda dhabta ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, anoo addoonkaaga sokeeye dalbaday in la daabaco of this gabaynayo Albion caan ah.

caddayn dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida dareenka oo dhan diiradda on the "Paks" NPP, kaas oo kaalinta photo ee maqaalka uma shaqayn karo sidii xatooyo ku dhiirato agaasimaha laptop ee saldhigga ah. Tani computer shakhsi la qaadi karo waxa ku jira macluumaad shirkadaha xasaasi ah oo la xiriira casriyeynta qorshaysan ee xarunta nuclear. Madaxa shirkadda badiyay kaaliyaha digital mar, markii aan u tegey inuu shirka ganacsiga ee xarunta of Budapest iyo baabuur ka tegey intii muddo ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa gudaha iyada alaabtaada.

Baaxadda ay leedahay qiimaha qandaraaska dhismaha cutubyo for Hungary ayaa sidoo kale lagu qiyaasay karaa by shuruudan: inta badan codadkii baarlamaanka dawladda u codeeyay in la aqoonsado waxyaabaha qaar ka mid ah heshiis qarsoodi ah la yeeshay Russia on dhismaha labo ka mid ah block cusub ee soddon sannadood. Hubsashada baarlamaanka, dhaqaaqo waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa by ujeedada loogu kalsoonaan karo loo ilaaliyo danaha qaranka iyo ammaanka dalka.

wadaagista aragnimada

In xagaaga 2015 xubno ka tirsan wafdiga dowladda, madax ka ahaa Agaasimihii "Paks" shirkadda nuclear tamarta, ayaa booqday forum Moscow "Atomexpo", iyo in ka badan si gaar ah - taaganyihiin reer Belarus warshadda nukliyeerka. Booqashada Tani waxa ay ahayd arrin la fahmi karo, maxaa yeelay, dhismaha shay ee Belarus ee ay la mid tahay in la qorsheeyay in Hungary.