Per Ferma: Biography, photos, daahfurtay in xisaabta

Per De Fermat - mid ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta ugu weyn ee taariikhda France. guulaha ay ka mid ah Abuuridda shuqullada sida aragtida ah ixtimaal iyo lambarada, isagu waa qoraaga of aragti caan ah iyo discoverer dhowr guryaha xisaabta. Laga soo bilaabo da'da yar waalidkiis bixisay dareenka weyn waxbarashada iyo ina ay u badan tahay in ay saameyn ku formation of maanka ku grand. Had iyo jeer is dajiyaan oo firfircoon, xiiso leh iyo adag baadhi raadinta iyo - in Per Ferma oo dhan. podcherpnut Biography kooban oo ku caawiyo akhristaha ogaan xiiso shakhsiyada oo waaaweyn this of Math oo dhan.

marxaladaha hore

Pierre ayaa ku dhashay dalka France. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa Horseedka iyo aasaasayaasha waa aragtida ah nambarada, iyo sidoo kale geometry gorfaynta.

Muddo dheer waxa uu sheegay in Per Ferma waxa uu ku dhashay 1595 in Toulouse, laakiin by qarnigii bartamihii sagaal iyo magaaladii Beaumont in archives waxaa laga helay qoraal ah oo la sheegay in xagaagii 1601., xildhibaan magaalada Dominique Fermat iyo xaaskiisa u dhashay wiil Pierre. Waxaa la og yahay in Dominique Farm ahaa qof aad u ixtiraamo magaalada. Waxa uu ahaa maqaarka ah ganacsade. Pierre qaatay caruurnimadiisii soo socda waalid, iyo marka waxa la joogaa wakhtigii si ay u helaan waxbarasho, wuxuu u tegey Toulouse - magaalada dhow la jaamacadaha. sharciga si fiican u bartay ee Jaamacadda keydka siiyey Pierre fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan qareenka, laakiin ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo go'aansaday in ay u tagaan adeegga gobolka. In 1631 Pierre ayaa loo magacaabay in meel la taliyaha lacagta ee Baarlamaanka ee Toulouse. Wakhtigan beerta waxaa la Qabo in gabadhii Xildhibaannada, taas oo uu ku soo shaqeeyay. Noloshiisu waxay ahayd mid aad u xasilloon. Laakiin isaga u mahad, maanta, dadka waxbarashada xisaabta baran kartaa macluumaad badan oo xiiso leh in uu yahay mid qiimo leh. Xataa in manhajka dugsiga si firfircoon diiradda ujeedadiisu ahayd "Per Ferma iyo daahfurtay in uu."

Xaraaradda for taariikhda

In uu dhalinyarada, xisaabyahan mustaqbalka caanka ah sida khabiir ugu fiicnaa ee taariikhda (gaar ahaan qadiimiga ah), si uu u caawiyo in la daabaco heli Classics Greek. Waxa uu faallo shuqullada Sinezuga, Athenaeum, Polyunusa, Frontinus, Teona Smirnskogo, sameeyey isbeddel ah ee qoraalka ah ee Sextus Empiricus. Badan ayaa rumaysan in uu si fudud uu ku ganaya laga yaabaa ardayba fiican Greek.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu u doortay waddo oo kala duwan, waxaan arkay iftiinkii oo ay aad u weyn ku leh daraasaddan magnitude. Oo sidaas daraaddeed dadkii ugu ogahay in Per Ferma - Xisaabta.

Shaqada uu noolaa markuu noqday inta badan loo yaqaan marayo waraaqaha ballaaran in Fermat la saynisyahano kale. The ururinta xagga shuqullada, oo uu si joogta ah isku dayeen in ay ka dhigi, iyo aan la fulin. Si adag u hadlayay, tani waa natiijo macquul ah marka load a on shaqada ugu weyn ee maxkamadda. Marka Pierre ma jiro nolosha ah oo miisaankiisu shuqulladiisa lagu daabacay.

Per Ferma: daahfurtay in xisaabta

Mid ka mid ah oo shuqulladaadii hore oo duurka ku ah xisaabta ugu Fermat ah - dib oo ka mid ah qoraallada laba-lumay ee Apollonius buugaagta xaq "On dhulka flat". Pierre mudnaan wayn sayniska inta badan iyaga arka in hordhaca u geometry gorfaynta ee infinitesimals. Oo wuxuu sameeyey this tallaabo aad u muhiim ah in 1629. Sidoo ee labaataneeyada soo daahay, Per Ferma helay siyaabo helo tangents iyo extrema. Oo durba 1636-m si buuxda u dhameeyey sharaxaad ku saabsan habka baadhitaanka ayaa loo wareejiyay gacmaha Mersenne galay, oo waxaas ayuu si dhib akhrin kara qof kasta.

muran la Descartes

In 1637-38 sano xisaabyahan Faransiis ah Per Ferma hab degdeg ah la murmay xisaab si siman u fiican Rene Descartes. dacwad ku wareegsan kacday "habka lagu raadinayo ugu badnaan iyo yaraan." Descartes ma oga habka iyo aan garan, sabab uu geliyey uu dhaleeceyn aan cadaalad ahayn. In xagaagii 1638 Per Ferma diray Mersenne Descartes in ay u gudbiyaan warbixinta cusub iyo doonee soo bandhigeysey uu habkan. In uu warqad ka muuqataa inuu joojiyey, maxaa yeelay, waxaa qoran si aad u qalalan iyo is dajiyaan, laakiin waqti isku mid ah waxaa jira sarbeeb gaar ah. In uu warqad ku jira Jees si toos ah xitaa is fahan ah Descartes. beeraha ayaa marna galay noocaas ahi a doqon iyo xarig la'aan, wuxuu had iyo jeer ku xayiran in a codadka macaan oo qabow. Waxa aan ahaa dood, laakiin halkii, wadahadalka la mid ahaa wadahadal ah macalinka ardayga, taas oo ah wax garan.

Systematics xisaabiyo meelaha

siyaabo Pierre Fermat dhismaha helo ka hor inta uusan ayaa loogu talagalay by Cavalieri Talyaani. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by 1642dii Farm furay hab Meelaha la egtahay by kasta "parabola" iyo helidda "buunbuunin." Waxa uu ahaa in la caddeeyo in degaanka ee shiidaa muuqaalo kasta oo aan xad lahayn ay weli ku yeelan karaan qiimaha uguna awoodaan.

gooladaha sixitaan Dhibaatada

Mid ka mid ah kuwii hore u bilaabeen in ay bartaan dhibaatada kombiyuutarka dhererka qaanso of gooladaha ah. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay xal u keenaan helo qaar ka mid ah meel. Si loo xisaabiyo degaanka si loo yareeyo dhibaatooyinka ku gooladaha. Waxaa hadhay dhibic si ay u galaan fikradda cusub oo dheeraad ah oo aan la taaban karin ee "muhiim".

In mustaqbalka, habka ay u natiijo wanaagsan ee qeexidda "meel" ku jiray oo dhan si aad u hesho xiriir la "Habka of tangents iyo extrema". Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in beerta arkay xiriir cad, laakiin ma jiro shuqulladiisa ma turjumayo view this.

Si ka duwan inta badan saaxiibadaada kiiska uu, Per De Fermat ahaa xisaabyahan daahir ah oo aan marnaba isku dayeen in ay sahamiyaan laamaha kale ee sayniska. Malaha sabab this, ay gacan ka awood badan si dhan xisaabta si qoto dheer iyo sare waa.

On aragtida ah nambarada

The Farm tabarruc ugu muhiimsan maanta ee xisaabta iyo in waxa loo arkaa abuurka nidaamo cusub - aragtida tirada. Saynisyahanka mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo dhan, uu xiiseynayo in dhibaatooyinka xisaabta in uu mararka qaar been abuurtay oo naftiisa murmin xaalkooda. In geeddi-socodka of helo jawaabaha su'aalaha ay soo diraan ee dhibaatooyinka, Fermat badanaa ogaado wax cusub oo u gaar ah. algorithms New iyo sharciyada, aragti iyo guryaha - in dhammaan mar la aasaasay saleysan aragtida ah nambarada, oo hadda loo yaqaan in ay iskuul kasta.

Kaloy shuqullada culimada kale

Sayidka, Per Ferma helay sharciyada tirooyinka caadiga ah iyo iyaga weligood dhigay. Talaaboda Guri ka mid ah tirooyinka caadiga ah waxaa loo yaqaan "Aragtida of xisaabta." Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan sida caan "Aragtida yar." Ayuu Ka dibna waxa Euler u adeegay sidii kiis gaar ah oo ay ku hawshootay. Waxaa kale oo la og yahay in ay ahayd shaqo ee Pierre Fermat salaysan Aragtida Lagrange ee ku saabsan wadarta 4 god oo la weydiiyay.

Fermat ee Aragtida soo dhaafay

Dabcan, inta badan shuqullada Pierre taagan oo uu Aragtida weyn oo xoog leh. Waa sannado badan, xataa tobanaan sano, lagu qasbay in ay "jebin madaxa" xisaabyahannada ugu weyn, iyo xataa ka dib markii la daabacay 1995, a habab cusub oo aad u kala duwan oo caddeyn ayaa weli socda waaxda la eexda xisaabeed ee jaamacadaha badan oo caalamka ah.

In kasta oo beerta ka tagay oo kaliya soo koobikaro waxa ay ku hawshootay iyo macluumaad kala daadsan, taas oo ah waxa siiyey kor u furitaanka Sweden kale oo badan oo qudbad xisaabta. In uu sharaf, waxaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah dugsiyada sare ee ugu caansan iyo ugu da'da weyn ee France - Lyceum magacaabay ka dib markii Pierre de Fermat ee Toulouse.

dhimashada saynisyahan a

Intii uu shaqo firfircoon oo duurka ku ah xisaabta Farm arrin degdeg ah guuro ilaa ay dhacdo in maxkamad. In 1648, Pierre noqday xubin ka mid ah Golaha awaamirtooda. Sidaas post sare u marag furay in booska ugu sareeya ee cilmiga ah.

In Castres, halkaas oo beerta ahaa, dirqina ah, uu geeriyooday bixitaanka casharka soo socda maxkamadda. Dhimashada u yimaadeen inay xisaabta ugu da'da 64 sano. ahaa curadkii cilmiga ka qaatay aabbihiis inuu keeno shuqullada dadka oo soo saaray tiro ka mid ah uu cilmi-baarista.

Tani waxa ay ahayd Per Ferma. Uu Biography ahaa xooggan, iyo nolosha tagay calaamad ah waqtiyada oo dhan.

Talaaboda Rafaa tani xisaabta lama quudhsan karin iyo dhayalsan, maxaa yeelay, waxay aasaas adag cilmibaadhayaal badan la dhigay. Per Ferma, photos (Wehbe) waxaa la siiyaa ee maqaalka, waxaan lahaa dabeecad xoogan, kuwaas oo nolosha oo dhan isaga ku caawiyey inuu gaaro himilooyinka uu.