Degree ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic: Guryaha Chemical arsenic

Ka hor inta fiirsaneysa heerka uu qayilo ee arsenic, si ay u aqoonsadaan in ay meel ku Table ka wakhtiyeysan iyo muuqaalada dhismaha. Sidoo kale, wac sifooyinka aasaasiga ah jirka iyo kiimikada ee element kiimikada.

Xaaladda SS ah

degree aasaasiga ah ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic, guryaha kiimikada, codsiyada - Waxaas oo dhan waxaa laga heli karaa iyagoo eegaya meesha uu element ee nidaamka wareegsan. Arsenic waxa uu ku yaalaa koox shanaad, koox hoosaadka maamulaha waa qoys ka wakiil ah nitrogen. Waxa uu leeyahay a mass qaraabo qaaradda of 74,9216. degree qayilo arsenic aasaasiga ah waxay ku xiran yihiin kooxda kuwaas oo waxaa lagu kaydiyaa MS ah. element Tani 33 ayaa tiro serial. Tirada heerka tamarta u dhiganta tirada ugu horaysay ee wax ku yaal, waa afar.

Tixgeli heshiis ee electrons baqshad kasta nuclear. On ugu horeysay ee heerka tamarta waa laba kaliya electrons aaday, a qayb ka qolof labaad mashquulin siddeed: 2s iyo 6p. Heerka saddexaad, iyaga ka mid ah, waxa ay ku taalaa toban d-electrons, in uu yahay qayb ka 18 oo keliya. heerka tamarta External waa 2s-electron, iyo saddex p-unpaired electron. Taasi waa tirada electrons valence go'aamiso heerka suurto galka ah ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic.

bogagga taariikhda

Waxaa loola jeedaa in arsenic shanta waxyaabood ee "alchemical", loo yaqaan tan iyo qarniyadii dhexe. dhibic oo xiiso leh waa xaqiiqda ah in afar ka mid ah ay yihiin koox shanaad ee SS ah. Oo waagaas ninna ogaado yaabaa heerka uu qayilo ee arsenic, laakiin xidhiidhka ka ayaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo soo saaridda daroogada, la abuuro midabada.

Ka dib markii isbedel ah ee Da'da Stone si Age Naxaas ah, dadka bartay in ay soo saaraan daawaha this oo leh sifooyin gaar ah. Waxaa soo baxday in ay ka koobnayd ilaa 7 boqolkiiba arsenic iyo 3 boqolkiiba iyo waxa daasadda. Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan in marka dikhaw ugu horeysay oo naxaas ah halkii malachite, isagoo midab cagaaran, si qalad ah qaatay macdanta tayadda copper-arsenic cagaaran.

Qaab cajiib ah oo daawaha ka dhalanaya sameeyey isaga ka mid ah sayidkooda qadiimiga ah loo jecel yahay. Waxa ay si gaar ah u eegay in macdanta dabiiciga ah oo ka kooban walax yiri.

Shahaadooyinka xeryahooda arsenic ee lagu qayilo ee nooca wanaagsan, oo waafaqsan ay valency sare. Si loo garto sulfides kooban arsenic, macdanta kululeeyo. muuqaalka kore ee ur toon gaar ah waa xaqiijinta joogitaanka ee xarunta arsenic. Tartiib tartiib, ka dikhaw oo naxaas ah Arsenous diiday. Ka mid ah sababaha loo joojiyo oo wax soo saarka ee waxa saynisyahano wac sumeeyey joogtada ah ee sayid shaqada.

macdanta dabiiciga ah

In foomka oo ah walaxda macdanta hoostiisa tixgelinta waxaa la ogsoon yahay wakhtiga hore. Tusaale ahaan, tirada lagu qayilo 3 ee xarunta of bandhigaa arsenic loo yaqaan "boodh Stannaries" in Baydka Shiinaha. Aristotle tilmaamay macdanta sandarac matalaya tayadda arsenic. Tarjumay luqadda Latin magaceedii u muuqataa sidii "rinjiga dahab ah". Waxaan u codsan in waayahaas sida dheeh ah huruud ah.

In ka alchemists qarnigii kow iyo tilmaamaysaa saddex nooc oo kala duwan oo walxaha. Degree ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic ee xeryahooda ka wakiil noocyada kuwaas oo u dhigma tirada kooxda. waxaa Wac arsenic cad xabagta sun, tayadda yeedhay jaalaha iyo casaan - As4S4 (pararealgar).

nijaasta muuqashadii White helay by sublimation in habka toogashada ah ee senti copper, taas oo ka kooban ee arsenic ka mid ahaa. Sida uumiga ka soo gobolka gaseous dhacdaa dhigaalka ee xabagta arsenic sida huurada cad. Waxa uu leeyahay tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore loo isticmaalay iyada oo loo adeegsanayo cayayaanka.

In qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad, Albert Great maalka metalloobraznoe helay. Wuxuu kululeeyo saabuun iyo arsenic huruud ah. walaxda helay dhexgalka ma qiray "isgaarsiinta dahsoon" toddoba meerayaasha la biraha. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani ay tahay sabab u ah is burinaya muujiyey alchemists qadiimiga arsenic tixgeliyo element "sharci darrada ah". Waxa ay ahayd in kuwa maalmood waxaa loo waxyooday awood u leh inay wada tashi copper cad, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ogaaday iyada oo loo adeegsanayo "caddeeyo Venus."

Sida walax gaar ah element ah kiimikada ayaa loo aqoonsaday kaliya ee bartamihii qarnigii toddoba. farmashiistaha Jarmal Johann Schroeder ku guulaysteen in ay u takooro, isagoo hoos u kiimikada ee oxides carbon. Muddo ka dib, waxaa ku guulaysteen in la takooro Nikole Lemeri saabuunta potash kululaynta biraha, xabagta arsenic. Qarnigii 18aad, biraha waxaa lagu yaqaan ah "semi" aan caadi ahayn.

Qarnigii 18-farmashiyaha Swedish dabayaaqadii K. V. Sheele helay acid arsenic, taas oo teedu heerka ugu sareeya ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic +5. Qarnigii sagaal iyo walxaha organic kuwaas oo ka kooban arsenic waxaa lagu qeexaa.

Ahaanshaha ee dabiiciga ah

degree sare iyo hoose ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic ka dhaca xeryahooda dabiiciga ah. In fiirsashada boqolkiiba qolof ah ee element a siiyey kama badna 5 grams halkii ton. In macdanta badan, waxaa si wadajir ah waxaa ku jira la nickel, cobalt, copper, birta.

Currently, waxaa jira qiyaastii laba boqol oo macdanta dabiiciga ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ka mid element kiimiko loo arkaa noo by. Marka la eego in ay muujin heerka ugu sareeya oo ugu hooseeya ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic, waxay leeyihiin codsiga kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, in lala arsenic midabyo muujinaysaa xaalad qayilo xun. Fiirsaneysa inay xaqiiqda ah in biraha tani waa electronegativity hooseeyo, heerka hoose ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic waa -3. tiradaasi Tani waa caadiga ah ee arsenides, iyo sidoo kale allemontita macdanta.

xeryahooda intooda badan la Biraha arsenic, siiyey cayimayo ee ka kooban, waa xarunta ah intermetallic, lagu gartaa kala duwan ka kooban ee element kiimikada.

Astaamaha arsenide

Waayo, arsenide lagu gartaa content dhowr Biraha isagoo qaab-dhismeedka la mid ah lattices crystal. macdanta Kuwan waxaa lagu gartaa luster ah macdan ah, waa Doolaal, waxay leeyihiin qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed hooseeyo.

Sida tusaalooyinka arsenide dabiiciga ah ka fiirsan kartaa xeryahooda soo socda:

• loellingite la mid ah pyrite;
• nickeline yeedhay pyrite nickel cas,
• langisit;
• Oregon,
• sperrylite.

Dabcan, tani ma aha liis dhamaystiran oo ah macdanta oo kale - hadda dhaadheer qiyaas shan iyo labaatan ka mid ah waxyaalahan. Ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah lagu xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in arsenopyrite yeedhay pyrites arsenical. Waa wax soo saarka helay badalaa la eb baaruud in arsenic pyrite ah. Xeryahooda qorshe sida, taas oo aan la muujiyey heerka ugu sareeya ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic waxaa lagu magacaabaa sulphosalts.

dhigooda rumaysan iftiimo Cobalt gersdorffite, enargite iyo Proust. Arintaan waa ore lacag ah oo muhiim ah, oo ku yaalla lakabka sare ee qaaliga ah ku noolaa. sulfosalts Dhismaha waxaa ka mid ah oo sharaf leh biraha ee group platina ah. iyaga ka mid ah irarsite xiiso iyo orsit. Ay ka kooban waa Biraha dhif ah loo isticmaalo sida Xoojiya fiican in syntheses organic iyo imanba.

Heerka ugu badan ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic lagu muujiyay sulphides dabiiciga ah. Tusaale ahaan, dimorph orange-jaalle ah oo wakiil ka ah tayadda arsenic (5). In soddon jirka ahayd ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, kayd dabiiciga ah ee orpiment, oo ay ku jiraan in tayadda xubin ay, arsenic trivalent, oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee Range Verkhoyansk la helay. size ah ee kiristaalo ogaado wuxuu ahaa qiyaas ahaan 60 sentimitir oo dherer ah, oo miisaankii oo lagu qiyaasay 30 kg.

Astaamaha arsenates

degree suurtogalka ah ee lagu qayilo ee cusbada arsenic la oran karo waa, tusaale ahaan. Sayidka, xeryahooda acid arsenic gudbiyo bandhig arsenate heerka ugu badan ee biraha: 5. Sida tusaale u ah xeryahooda sida erythrite joogo isagoo midab dhalaalaya pink. cusbo ku tilmaaman midabka Cobalt, waxa ay leedahay Co3 ku formula (AsO4) 2 * 8 saacadood ₂ O. Waxa kale oo suuragal ah in la ogaado Gasparo cado brown-guduudan sida (CE, La, nd) ArO _4.

In xarunta of Sweden helay xirfadiisa ferromanganese langbanovskie, halkaas waxaa laga dhex helay oo lagu gartaa oo ku saabsan konton arsenates kala duwan. xeryahooda Kuwaas waxaa la aasaasay by ficil arsenous acid la hydroxide manganese, (2) marka heerkulku hooseeyo.

Maxaa u muuqdaan in ay arsenate degree of qayilo ee arsenic? Astaamaha u gaarka ah, kuwaas oo cusbada ayaa xaqiijiyay joogitaanka baaruud iyaga oo ku. Inkastoo la'aanta ah ee codsiyada warshadaha, iyagoo muuqaalka farshaxanka iyaga ka dhigaa inay ku haboon abuuraya uruuriyaa mineralogical.

sheeko xiiso leh ayaa kupfernikel in kulan Nichelino macdanta. macdan qodayaasha German Dr Makumbe Nikkel yeedhay buurta ruuxa sharka leh, iyo "copper been abuur ah" loo yaqaan "kupfernikelem". Masters lagu soo dajiyey isu eg kiristaalo copper-cas oo ka mid ah senti copper macdanta. iyaga loo isticmaalo in galaas si loo siiyo wax soo saarka waa la helay oo cagaar ah. Kaliya ee mineralogist bartamihii siddeed-qarnigii Axel Fredrik Cronstedt ku guulaysteen in la takooro ka nickel macdanta.

Guryaha ee dabiiciga ah

Arsenic waa heer sare inert, sidaas darteed waxaa laga heli karaa gobolka hooyo. qayb biraha noocan oo kale ah ayaa ka laba ilaa lix iyo toban boqolkiiba nijaasta ahaa, oo inta badan ay yihiin lacag, iyo bir, Cobalt, nickel. In dalka la ogaaday by Haseyeeshee arsenic hooyo ee gobolka Amur ah, Transbaikalia.

Waxaa laga heli karaa dhagaxyada iyo macdan, iyo dhirta, sidaas darteed waxaa unbaa badanaa loo yaqaan element a xoojisay.

Waa maxay ugu badan iyo heerka ugu yar ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic? Qiimaha ugu sareeya ee u dhiganta tirada kooxda, kuna waari dhexdeeda element firfircoon waxa uu ku yaalaa, oo waa +5. Waa dabeecad for xeryahooda ku jira kuwaas oo u soo bandhigaa yaraynta guryaha. Read more xeryahooda birta this gaar ah tixgelin doonaa ka dib.

arsenic caalamka qaybiyey aad u di'in. Sababtuna waxay tahay, formation of lithosphere iyo geedi socodka sorption iyo desorption dhaca korsiiya iyo carrada.

Sababo la milmi Wanaagga biraha biyo u diyaar hijroota. Tusaale ahaan, in cimiladu qoyan ay dhacdo leaching ka ciidda, soo raacay by dhaqdhaqaaqa wada jir ah ula dhulka, oo webiyaasha.

saamayn nafsaaniga ah

Inta ay la taaban karo ee arsenic ku jira biyaha macdanta. Waxaa jira xeerar gaar ah oo ku saabsan content ee biraha. Marka aad iyo aad u qiimaha la ogolaan karo waxaa jira khatar halis ah oo waxyeello jirka aadanaha. Intii lagu guda jiray cilmi-kiimikada, waxaa la ogaaday in arsenic biyaha dabiiciga joogo siyaabo kala duwan waxaa laga yaabaa in. Maxaan u ahaan heerka uu qayilo ee arsenic? The guryaha xeryahooda laga helay biyaha si loo xaqiijiyo joogitaanka biraha ee foomka of xal acid arsenous.

Arsenic qaab live ka kooban oo ku saabsan 6 mg 1 kg. Qayb ka mid ah algae ka gaari karaan walax gudbiyo sida xad in waxa uu noqon karaa mid halis u ah jidhka bini'aadamka. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada laga helay wadamada Asia, ay awoodaan in ay badanayaan in xal acid saafiga ah. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida loola jiir gacanta. In unugyada maskaxda aadanaha, iyo qadar ku filan oo bir ah in murqaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa hadiyad in taarikada ciddiyaha la isku ururtay in timaha.

caddaymaha jirka

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in arsenic ekaan bir ah, waxa kale oo uu leeyahay calaamadaha aan macdan ah. Tusaale ahaan, ma aha oo awood u sameynta cusbada leh acid ee sulfuric simaha element acidifying. Arsenic jiri karaan beddelka kala duwan allotropic xusayaa fosfooraska. The ugu nabdoon waa arsenic cawlan, kaas oo sublimes markii kululeeyo la mid ah iodine.

By beddelid this of conductivity korontada liita copper, laakiin ka badan mercury. Marka qaboojinta uumi arsenic walax midabka jilicsan hufan jaalaha la mid ah fosfooraska jaalaha heli kartaa. Inta lagu guda jiro kulaylinta, waxaa beddelay beddelid ka duwan allotropic ee element ah kiimikada.

Marka dhigaalka uumiga arsenic on galaas u arki karaan muuqaalka kore ee film muraayada.

xeryahooda arsenic

Degree ee lagu qayilo ee arsenic ee xabagta ugu sareeya waa 5, waa in ay waafaqsan tahay oo ay valence sare. Laakiin sublimation ah uumiga biraha hawada qoyan sameeyay arsenic filim madow ay anhydride As2O _3. Waa qaab noocan oo kale ah asal ahaan ka jira iyo xabagta ee element ah. xabagta Tani waxay muujinayaa kiimikaad amphoteric.

In geeddi-socodka lagu qayilo waxa diinta xabagta sare, taas oo muujinaysa muhiimadda ay leedahay in lagu qayilo arsenic gobolka +5.

birta saafiga waxaa oxidized la khafiifiyo nitric acid in ortomyshyakovistoy acid H ₃ Aso _3, kuna waari dhexdeeda waxa ay leedahay valence ah 3. In muuqaalada kiimikada ay loo arko a acid xoog dhexdhexaad analogously boric acid. Cusbada ka fiirsan arsenite soo bandhigista guryaha celinta dhalaalaya.

chloride biraha waxa uu leeyahay gobolka qayilo +3 ah, ku simaha sida element ah biraha caadiga ah. arsenides Saltlike, aasaaseen dareen-celin la Biraha firfircoon mari hydrolysis aqueous. Tusaale ahaan, arsine (Ash ₃₎ waa gaas sun ah midab, wax garad urta.

xeryahooda organometallic

Arsenic waa awood u sameynta xeryahooda organometallic kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, qarnigii 18-xabagta dabayaaqadii distillative of arsenic (3) potassium copolymer, waxaa laga heli Duldhacay dareere isagoo ur xun. Shayga keentay ayaa loo magacaabay alarsinom. waxbarashada Xiga shaaca ka qaaday in uu qayb ka mid ah arsenic waa la joogo.

Goor dambe oo qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, arsines leedahay beduliyum yihiin dhexsameeysmo jirka. Reaction waxaa fuliyey hoos tallaabo ah ee isku dar ah ee trichloride arsenic iyo halide aryl la sodium macdan ah. Qaar ka mid ah alaabta, kuwaas oo muujiyay guryaha antimicrobial. Si aad u taariikhda, ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee tobanaan kun oo walxaha organic arsenic.

Isticmaalka arsenic

In ka badan nus ka mid ah biraha soo saaray waxaa loo isticmaalaa foomka xeryahooda kala duwan. In qaabka saafi ah, waxaa ku dhowaad marnaba loo isticmaalo. In tiro yar waxaa lagu soo bandhigay galay Alloys dhalista ah. daro noocan oo kale ah waxay leeyihiin saameyn wanaagsan ku darantahay ingeega, ee alaabta la dhammeeyayna ay, si ay loo baahan yahay in soo saaridda ee fiilooyinka korontada iyo batariyada.

Qiyaasta ugu yar ee arsenic gacan ka si loo hagaajiyo iska caabin ah daxalka, wanaajiyo tilmaamayaasha kaamerada, naxaasta iyo copper. Haddii element this kuma jirto nijaasta ahaa oo dheeraad ah, taasoo lagu sheegay in soo saaridda qalabka Semiconductor. Si aad u abuurin, arsenic waa alloyed la germanium ama Silicon.

Waxaa intaa dheer, isagu waa dopant aad u fiican si ay u abuuraan steel. Sida qiimo leh baahida talooyin arsenic iyo metallurgy non-ferrous. Xataa iyada oo ay ka kooban tahay yar daawaha si weyn u hagaajin karaa xoogga alaabta soo saaray. Arsenic kordhiyaa isbeddello lagu jiro shubay oo ah naxaas, taas oo kuu sahlaysa si ay u helaan silig a.

Waxa kale oo jira saameyn qaar xun ee wax soo saarka biraha guurka. Its joogitaanka ee geedi socodka ore jirsado galay warshadaha a halis ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah xeryaha kala duwan ee arsenic, oxitigeeda saddexaad ee xiisaha leh. Waxaa hadda loo isticmaalaa warshadaha quraaradaha. Salts oo leh dhibicda +5 ayaa loo baahan yahay sidii liddi ku ah antiseptics. Qeybtan kala-guurka ayaa ah mid ka mid ah baahida ugu badan ee wax soo saarka kiimikada casriga ah, maadaama ay muujinayso dhismooyin kala duwan oo ku xiran habka socodka.